All questions of Basics of Internet for Class 9 Exam

These r search Engines

ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. It was a pioneering computer network that was created in the late 1960s by the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

History of ARPANET:
- ARPANET was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the precursor to the global Internet.
- It was designed to link mainframe computers at universities and research institutions across the United States, allowing them to share resources and collaborate on research projects.
- The first ARPANET message was sent on October 29, 1969, between computers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
- By the mid-1970s, ARPANET had grown to include hundreds of nodes across the country, and had become an essential tool for researchers in a wide range of fields.

Impact of ARPANET:
- ARPANET played a key role in the development of modern computing and networking technologies.
- It pioneered many of the concepts and protocols that are still used in the Internet today, including packet switching, TCP/IP, and email.
- ARPANET also helped to establish the idea of open standards and interoperability, which has been crucial to the growth and success of the Internet.

Conclusion:
ARPANET was a groundbreaking project that paved the way for the development of the modern Internet. Its legacy can still be seen in the technologies and standards that we use today, and it remains an important chapter in the history of computing and networking.

HTTP Protocol - Explanation

HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a protocol used for communication between web servers and web browsers. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.

HTTP works on a client-server model where the browser acts as a client and the web server acts as a server. When a user requests a webpage, the browser sends an HTTP request to the server, and the server responds with an HTTP response containing the requested webpage.

HTTP Requests and Responses
HTTP requests and responses have a specific format that must be followed for successful communication between clients and servers. The format consists of a request line, headers, and a message body (optional). The request line contains the method, URL, and HTTP version used in the request. The headers contain additional information about the request or response, such as the content type, encoding, and language. The message body contains the data being transmitted, such as the HTML code for a webpage.

HTTP Methods
HTTP defines several methods or verbs that can be used in an HTTP request. The most commonly used methods are GET and POST. GET is used to retrieve data from the server, while POST is used to send data to the server, such as form data.

HTTP Status Codes
HTTP responses also include status codes that indicate the success or failure of the request. The most common status codes are 200 OK, which indicates success, and 404 Not Found, which indicates that the requested resource was not found on the server.

Conclusion
In summary, HTTP is a protocol used for communication between web servers and web browsers. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. HTTP requests and responses have a specific format that must be followed for successful communication, and HTTP defines several methods and status codes that are used in requests and responses.

Spider and Indexer: The Programs that Power Web Search Engines

Web search engines are powerful tools that allow users to access vast amounts of information quickly and easily. But have you ever wondered how they work? At their core, search engines rely on two key programs: spiders and indexers.

Spider: The Web Crawler

A spider, also known as a web crawler, is a program that systematically browses the Internet, following links from one page to another. As it navigates through the vast network of web pages, the spider collects data about each page it visits, including the page's content, structure, and links to other pages. The spider then stores this information in a database, which can be accessed by the search engine's indexer.

Indexer: The Database

The indexer is another program that works in tandem with the spider. Its job is to take the data collected by the spider and organize it into a searchable index. This index allows users to quickly find relevant information by entering keywords or phrases into the search engine's search box. The indexer also uses algorithms to rank pages based on their relevance to the user's query, ensuring that the most relevant results appear at the top of the search results page.

In summary, spiders and indexers are two essential programs that power web search engines. The spider crawls the web, collecting data about each page it visits, while the indexer organizes that data into a searchable index, making it easy for users to find relevant information. Together, these programs make it possible for search engines to provide fast, accurate, and relevant search results to users around the world.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities.

Explanation:

A blog is a type of website that allows an individual or a group of individuals to share their personal opinions, thoughts, experiences, and interests with the world. The term "blog" is short for "weblog," which originally referred to online journals or diaries.

Features of a Blog:

1. Personal Opinion: A blog is a platform where people can express their personal opinions on various topics.

2. Hobbies and Interests: A blog can be used to share information about hobbies and interests, such as cooking, travel, or photography.

3. Commentaries: A blog can be used to provide commentaries on current events, politics, or social issues.

4. Photos: A blog can also include photos to illustrate the author's points or to share experiences.

Advantages of Blogging:

1. It allows people to share their thoughts and experiences with others.

2. It can improve writing skills and creativity.

3. It can be used to promote businesses or products.

4. It can be a source of income for bloggers who monetize their websites through advertising or sponsored content.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, a blog is a type of website that allows individuals to express their personal opinions, thoughts, and interests. It can be a powerful tool for sharing information, promoting businesses, and building communities around shared interests.

URLs vary depending on the location of the document to which user will link. Basically, URLs fall into two categories; Absolute and relative URL. 
Absolute URL-An absolute URL contains all the information necessary to find the files on the internet.
Relative URL-A relative URL usually contains only the folder name and file name or even just the file name.

**Cloud Computing**

Cloud computing is a type of distributed computing that involves a large number of computers connected via a real-time communication network such as the Internet. It refers to the delivery of computing services, including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics, over the internet ("the cloud"). In cloud computing, resources and applications are accessed and managed remotely through a web browser or specialized software while the actual processing and storage take place on remote servers.

Cloud computing offers various benefits, such as scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced reliability. It allows organizations and individuals to access and use computing resources on-demand without the need for physical infrastructure or upfront investment in hardware and software.

**Distributed Computing**

Distributed computing is a model where tasks are divided among multiple computers, which collaborate and communicate with each other to achieve a common goal. It involves the use of multiple computers or servers connected via a network to work together as a single system. Each computer in the network, also known as a node, contributes its processing power, storage capacity, and other resources to perform complex computations or solve large-scale problems.

Distributed computing can be used for a wide range of applications, including scientific research, data analysis, simulations, and more. By distributing the workload across multiple computers, it allows for faster processing, improved fault tolerance, and increased scalability.

**Cloud Computing as Distributed Computing**

Cloud computing is a form of distributed computing because it relies on a network of interconnected computers to deliver computing services. In cloud computing, the underlying infrastructure consists of a large number of servers distributed across different physical locations. These servers work together to provide the necessary resources and services to users.

When a user requests a service or application through the cloud, the request is distributed among multiple servers, which collaborate to fulfill the request. The processing, storage, and other tasks associated with the requested service are distributed across these servers, allowing for efficient utilization of resources and faster response times.

Overall, cloud computing is an example of distributed computing as it involves a network of computers working together to deliver computing services over the internet. It harnesses the power of distributed resources to provide scalable, reliable, and on-demand computing capabilities to users.

Web Site and its Collection

A website is a collection of web pages that are accessible through the internet. These pages may contain various types of information like text, images, audio, and video. Let's discuss the collection of a website in detail.

Web Pages
Web pages are the building blocks of a website. These pages contain information that is presented in a layout that is easy to read and understand. Web pages may contain text, images, videos, audio, and other multimedia files.

Graphics Files
A website may contain various types of graphics files that enhance the visual appeal of the web pages. These graphics files may include images, illustrations, icons, logos, and other visual elements.

Audio and Video Files
Audio and video files are an integral part of a website. They may include music, sound effects, podcasts, webinars, and other multimedia elements. Videos can be embedded on web pages, and users can play them directly on the website.

Other Elements
Apart from these, websites may also contain various other elements like forms, buttons, links, menus, and navigation bars. These elements help users to navigate through the website and interact with the web pages.

Conclusion
In conclusion, a website is a collection of various types of files like web pages, graphics files, audio, and video files. All these elements work together to provide users with an interactive and engaging experience. A well-designed website can help businesses to reach out to a wider audience and showcase their products and services.