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All questions of 2017 for UPSC CSE Exam

Which of the following is geographically closest to Great Nicobar ?
  • a)
    Sumatra
  • b)
    Borneo
  • c)
    Java
  • d)
    Sri Lanka
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Kumar answered
Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands of India, north of Sumatra. The island of Sumatra is located 180 km (110 mi) to the south of Great Nicobar.

Right to vote and to be elected in India is a:
  • a)
    Fundamental Right
  • b)
    Natural Right
  • c)
    Constitutional Right
  • d)
    Legal Right
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shounak Kapoor answered
Explanation:

The right to vote and to be elected in India is considered a Legal Right.

What are Legal Rights?
Legal Rights are those rights that are recognized and protected by Law. These rights are enforceable through the legal system of the country. Legal Rights include rights to property, contract, and torts.

Why is the Right to Vote a Legal Right?
The Right to Vote is a Legal Right because it is recognized and protected by the Constitution of India. According to the Constitution, every citizen of India who is 18 years of age or above has the right to vote. Similarly, the Constitution also provides for the right to be elected.

What is the Importance of the Right to Vote and to be Elected?
The Right to Vote and to be Elected is of utmost importance in a democracy like India. These rights enable citizens to participate in the decision-making process of the country. Through these rights, citizens can elect their representatives who will govern the country on their behalf.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Right to Vote and to be Elected is a Legal Right in India. These rights are essential for the functioning of a democratic country like India. Every citizen should exercise their right to vote and to be elected responsibly to ensure the growth and development of the country.

What is the purpose of 'evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)' project? 
  • a)
    To detect neutrinos
  • b)
    To detect gravitational waves
  • c)
    To detect the effectiveness of missile defence system
  • d)
    To study the effect of solar flares on our communication systems
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Desai answered
eLISA is a spectacular plan of setting into space three spacecraft, a mother and two daughter spacecraft, which will fly in a triangular formation, trailing the earth in its orbit around the sun at a distance of over 50 million km. Laser interferometers will accurately measure changes in the distance between these cubes. If they should be affected by a gravitational wave, the minute changes in this distance are measure by the interferometer.

Consider the following statements in respect of Trade Related Analysis of Fauna and Flora in Commerce (TRAFFIC):
1. TRAFFIC is a bureau under United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
2. The mission of TRAFFIC is to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Simran Menon answered
TRAFFIC:
TRAFFIC is a bureau that monitors trade in wild plants and animals. Let's discuss the given statements:

Statement 1: TRAFFIC is a bureau under United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
This statement is incorrect, as TRAFFIC is not a bureau under UNEP. Instead, it is a joint program of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Statement 2: The mission of TRAFFIC is to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature.
This statement is correct. The mission of TRAFFIC is to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. It works to ensure that trade in wild animals and plants is legal and sustainable, by monitoring and analyzing it, and providing guidance to governments and organizations.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B, i.e., only statement 2 is correct.

Local self-government can be best explained as an exercise in
  • a)
    Federalism
  • b)
    Democratic decentralisation
  • c)
    Administrative delegation
  • d)
    Direct democracy
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kabir Verma answered
In January 1957, the Government of India appointed a committee to examine the working of the Community Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953) and to suggest measures for their better working. The chairman of this committee was Balwant Rai G Mehta. The committee submitted its report in November 1957 and recommended the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralisation’, which ultimately came to be known as Panchayati Raj.

Which of the following are envisaged by the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution of India?
1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
2. Abolition of untouchability
3. Protection of the interests of minorities
4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1, 2 and 4 only
  • b)
    2, 3 and 4 only
  • c)
    1 and 4 only
  • d)
    1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ankit Kumar answered
(Correct Option:- C---,1 and 4)

The Right against Exploitation is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution. These are important Fundamental Rights that guarantee every citizen protection from any kind of forced labour.
Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.----

Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.

What is/are the most likely advantages of implementing 'Goods and Services Tax (GST)'?
1. It will replace multiple taxes collected by multiple authorities and will thus create a single market in India.
2. It will drastically reduce the 'Current Account Deficit' of India and will enable it to increase its foreign exchange reserves.
3. It will enormously increase the growth and size of economy of India and will enable it to overtake China in the near future.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Saranya Gupta answered
Advantages of implementing Goods and Services Tax (GST)

1. Single market creation
- GST will replace multiple taxes collected by multiple authorities and will create a single market in India.
- This will simplify the tax system and reduce compliance costs for businesses.
- It will also make it easier for goods and services to move across state borders, leading to increased efficiency and competitiveness.

2. Reduction in Current Account Deficit
- The implementation of GST is not directly linked to the reduction in Current Account Deficit of India.
- However, it can indirectly help in reducing the deficit by boosting exports and improving the overall economy.

3. Increase in economic growth
- GST is expected to enormously increase the growth and size of the economy of India.
- It will lead to a more efficient tax system, which will boost investment and economic activity.
- It will also increase tax compliance and revenue collection for the government, which can be used for developmental purposes.
- However, it is unlikely to enable India to overtake China in the near future.

Overall, the implementation of GST in India has several advantages, including the creation of a single market, simplification of the tax system, increased efficiency and competitiveness, and boost in economic growth.

With reference to river Teesta, consider the following statements:
1. The source of river Teesta is the same as that of Brahmaputra but it flows through Sikkim.
2. River Rangeet originates in Sikkim and it is a tributary of river Teesta.
3. River Teesta flows into Bay of Bengal on the border of India and Bangladesh.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 3 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ashish Datta answered
Statement 1 is not correct. The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier and flows southward through the Sikkim Himalaya. where the Rangpo River joins, and where it forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal up to Teesta Bazaar. Just before the Teesta Bridge, where the roads from Kalimpong and Darjeeling join, the river is met by its main tributary, the Rangeet River. Hence Statement 2 is correct. It changes course southwards flowing into West Bengal. The river then goes merging up with the Brahmaputra River after it bifurcates the city of Jalpaiguri and flows just touching Cooch Behar district at Mekhliganj and moves to Fulchori in Bangladesh. Thus it does not flow directly into the Bay of Bengal. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Consider the following pairs:
Traditions -  Communities
1. Chaliha Sahib Festival — Sindhis
2. Nanda Raj Jaat Yatra — Gonds
3. Wari-Warkari — Santhals
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sagnik Das answered
Pair 1 is matched correctly: Chalia sahib is the festival of the Sindhis which involves devotees fasting for days.
Pair 2 is not matched correctly: The Nanda Devi Jat is celebrated every year in the Nanda Devi temples spread across Garhwal and Kumaon. The festival commences on the day earmarked for the Devi’s visit to her maiti or parents’ home and culminates with the return to her husband’s home. This tradition is beautifully expressed in the folk songs of Uttarakhand.
Pair 3 is not matched correctly: Pandharpur Wari or Wari (Vari) is an annual pilgrimage to Pandharpur - the seat of the god Vithoba in Maharashtra, in honour of the deity. Palakhiscarrying the paduka (foot prints) of various saints - most notably Dnyaneshwar and Tukaram - from the Warkari sect are taken from their respective shrines to Pandharpur.

Which of the following gives 'Global Gender Gap Index' ranking to the countries of the world?
  • a)
    World Economic Forum
  • b)
    UN Human Rights Council
  • c)
    UN Women
  • d)
    World Health Organization
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Menon answered
Global Gender Gap Index is released by World Economic Forum. As per the Global Gender Gap Report 2016, India ranks at 87th in respect of Global Gender Gap Index (GGI) among 144 countries of the World. As per the GGR, India climbed 21 spots to rank 87th in 2016, which is an improvement from being ranked at 108th in 2015.

 If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit?
  • a)
    Bhitarkanika Mangroves
  • b)
    Chambal River
  • c)
    Pulicat Lake
  • d)
    Deepor Beel
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Snehal Kumar answered
The best place to visit if you want to see gharials in their natural habitat is the Chambal River.

Reasoning:
Gharials are a critically endangered species of crocodile found in India, and the Chambal River is one of the few remaining habitats where they can be found in the wild. The river is also home to other species of crocodiles, turtles, and a variety of aquatic birds. In addition, the Chambal River is a National Chambal Sanctuary, which means that it is protected and managed by the government to preserve its biodiversity and natural beauty.

Benefits of visiting Chambal River:
Visiting the Chambal River to see gharials in their natural habitat can be a unique and rewarding experience. Some of the benefits of visiting the Chambal River include:

1. Rare opportunity to see gharials in the wild.
2. Chance to see other species of crocodiles, turtles, and aquatic birds.
3. Opportunity to explore the natural beauty of the Chambal River and its surrounding landscape.
4. Learning about the conservation efforts undertaken to protect the Chambal River and its biodiversity.
5. Chance to interact with local communities and learn about their way of life.

Conclusion:
Overall, if you are interested in seeing gharials in their natural habitat, the Chambal River is the best place to visit. However, it is important to follow responsible tourism practices and not disturb the natural environment or the wildlife.

Consider the following pairs:
1. Radhakanta Deb — First President of the British Indian Association
2. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty —Founder of the Madras Mahajana Sabha
3. Surendranath Banerjee — Founder of the Indian Association
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Mehta answered
The British Indian Association was established on 31 October 1851. The first committee of the association was composed of : Raja Radhakanta Deb – President, Raja Kalikrishna Deb – Vice-President, Debendranath Tagore – secretary, Digambar Mitra – Asst Secretary.
In May 1884, M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu established the Madras Mahajana Sabha. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty was an Indian merchant, Indian independence activist and political activist who founded the Madras Native Association.
Indian Association was the first declared Nationalist Organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee​ and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876.

Which of the following are the objectives of 'National Nutrition Mission'?
1. To create awareness relating to malnutrition among pregnant women and lactating mothers.
2. To reduce the incidence of anaemia among young children, adolescent girls and women.
3. To promote the consumption of millets, coarse cereals and unpolished rice.
4. To promote the consumption of poultry eggs.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    1, 2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1, 2 and 4 only
  • d)
    3 and 4 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ojasvi Mehta answered
The key objectives of these programmes are as under:
• To create awareness relating to malnutrition amongst pregnant women, lactating mothers, promote healthy lactating practices and importance of balanced nutrition;
• To improve maternal and child under-nutrition in 200 high burdened districts and to prevent and reduce the under-nutrition prevalent among children below 3 years;
• To reduce incidence of anaemia among young children, adolescent girls and women.

In India, Judicial Review implies
  • a)
    the power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
  • b)
    the power of the Judiciary to question the wisdom of the laws enacted by the Legislatures.
  • c)
    the power of the Judiciary to review all the legislative enactments before they are assented to by the President.
  • d)
    the power of the Judiciary to review its own judgements given earlier in similar or different cases.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Judicial review is the power of judiciary to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders of both the Central and state governments. On examination, if they are found to be violative of the Constitution (ultra-vires), they can be declared as illegal, unconstitutional and invalid (null and viod). Consequently, they cannot be enforced by the government. The constitutional validity of a legislative enactment or an executive order can be challenged in a high court or supreme court on the following three grounds: (a) it infringes the fundamental rights (Part III), (b) it is outside the competence of the authority which has framed it, and (c) it is repugant to the constitutional provisions.

It is possible to produce algae based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing countries in promoting this industry?
1. Production of algae based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents.
2. Setting up and engineering the algae based biofuel production requires high level of expertise/technology until the construction is completed.
3. Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large scale facilities which may raise ecological and social concerns.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anmol Kumar answered
Algae can be grown using land and water not suitable for plant and food production. The algal biofuel technology includes selection of specific species for production and extraction of valuable co-products. The algaes are bioengineered for achieving advanced photosynthetic efficiencies through continued development of production system. To make the industry commercially viable, researchers have pursued biotech varieties, which could be particularly dangerous if released into nature. Some algae biodiesel proposals involve aquaculture-style operations in open ocean waters, which could have harmful ecological effects, especially if biotech algae is used. Water and nutrient use would also be extreme, making any serious scaling up of algae biofuels quite unsustainable.

Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the population of species of butterflies, what could be its likely consequence/consequences?
1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely affected.
2. There could be a drastic increase in the fungal infections of some cultivated plants.
3. It could lead to a fall in the population of some species of wasps, spiders and birds.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Sengupta answered
Statement 1 and 3 are correct. Butterflies are pollinating insects. They help in pollination of many flowering plants.
Butterflies also act as a lower member of the food chain. A number of animals, including birds and mice feed on butterfly. As populations of butterfly diminish, so will populations of birds and other animals that rely on them as a food source. This loss of the butterfly is the beginning of the “butterfly effect.” Statement 2 is not correct.

The terms 'Event Horizon', 'Singularity', `String Theory' and 'Standard Model' are sometimes seen in the news in the context of
  • a)
    Observation and understanding of the Universe
  • b)
    Study of the solar and the lunar eclipses
  • c)
    Placing satellites in the orbit of the Earth
  • d)
    Origin and evolution of living organisms on the Earth
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhiram Ghosh answered
The terms - ‘Event Horizon’ -boundary in space-time, ‘Singularity’ - location in spacetime where the gravitational field of a celestial body becomes infinite, ‘String Theory’ - links together all physical aspects, and ‘Standard Model’- unifying the four fundamental forces, are related to the observations and understanding of the Universe.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)?
1. It decides the RBI's benchmark interest rates.
2. It is a 12-member body including the Governor of RBI and is reconstituted every year.
3. It functions under the chairmanship of the Union Finance Minister.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    2 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanskriti Nair answered
The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (RBI Act) has been amended by the Finance Act, 2016, to provide for a statutory and institutionalised framework for a Monetary Policy Committee it would be entrusted with the task of fixing the benchmark policy rate (repo rate) required to contain inflation within the specified target level. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
As per the provisions of the RBI Act, out of the six Members of Monetary Policy Committee, three Members will be from the RBI and the other three Members of MPC will be appointed by the Central Government. Hence statement 2 is not correct. The Governor of the Bank— ex officio Chairperson of MPC. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Which principle among the 'following was added to the Directive Principles of Stat Policy by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution?
  • a)
    Equal pay for equal work for both men and women
  • b)
    Participation of workers in the management of industries
  • c)
    Right to work, education and public assistance
  • d)
    Securing living wage and human conditions of work to workers
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

42nd amendment act added participation of workers in the management of industries. New directives was added by new articles 39A, 43A, 48A which, respectively, provide for equal justice and free legal aid to economically backward classes, participation of workers in the management of industries, and protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.

Which of the following practices can help in water conservation in agriculture? ‎
‎1. Reduced or zero tillage of the land ‎
‎2. Applying gypsum before irrigating the field ‎
‎3. Allowing crop residue to remain in the field ‎
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shreya Mehta answered
No-till farming (also called zero tillage or direct drilling) is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till is an agricultural technique which increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil.
Gypsum improves the ability of soil to drain and not become waterlogged thus increasing water-use efficiency of crops.

Consider the following statements:
1. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) helps in promoting the financial inclusion in the country.
2. NPCI has launched RuPay, a card payment scheme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anoushka Desai answered
(NPCI) is an umbrella organization for all retail payments system in India. It was set up with the guidance and support of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA).
The core objective was to consolidate and integrate the multiple systems with varying service levels into nation-wide uniform and standard business process for all retail payment systems. The other objective was to facilitate an affordable payment mechanism to benefit the common man across the country and help financial inclusion. Thus statement 1 is correct.
It offers many products and services which include RuPay card, BHIM app, Unified payment interface among others. Thus statement 2 is correct.

What is/are the advantage/advantages of implementing the 'National Agriculture Market' scheme?
1. It is a pan-India electronic trading portal for agricultural commodities.
2. It provides the farmers access to nationwide market, with prices commensurate with the quality of their produce.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

National Agriculture Market (NAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing APMC mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
NAM promotes uniformity, streamlining of procedures across the integrated markets, removes information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and promotes real time price discovery, based on actual demand and supply, promotes transparency in auction process, and access to a nationwide market for the farmer, with prices commensurate with quality of his produce and online payment and availability of better quality produce and at more reasonable prices to the consumer. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at
  • a)
    Ajanta
  • b)
    Badami
  • c)
    Bagh
  • d)
    Ellora
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Bhavya Bajaj answered
The painting is on the back wall of the interior hall before the shrineantechamber in Cave No. 1 at Ajanta dating back to the late fifth century CE. The Boddhisattva is holding a padma (lotus), has large shoulders, and has three bents in the body creating a movement in the picture space. The modelling is soft. The figure of the Boddhisattva is wearing a big crown in which detailed rendering is visible.

Consider the following statements:
1. India has ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) of WTO.
2. TFA is a part of WTO's Bali Ministerial Package of 2013.
3. TFA came into force in January 2016. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    1 and 3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The TFA is the WTO’s first-ever multilateral accord that aims to simplify customs regulations for the cross-border movement of goods. It was outcome of WTO’s 9th Bali (Indonesia) ministerial package of 2013. India ratified it in April 2016. It came into force in February 2017. Thus statement 3 is not correct.

Consider the following pairs:
Commonly used / Unwanted or controversial chemicals consumed materials likely to be found in them
1. Lipstic- Lead
2. Soft drinks- Brominated vegetable oils
3. Chinese fast food- Monosodium glutamate
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Meghana Basu answered
Lead is a common impurity found in cosmetic lip products, such as lipsticks, and other cosmetics, such as eye shadows, blushes, compact powders, shampoos, and body lotions.
Brominated vegetable oil is a food additive sometimes used to keep citrus flavoring from separating out in some sodas and soft drinks. It's banned as a food additive in Europe and Japan.
MSG, is a glutamate, or salt of glutamic acid, a “non-essential” amino acid. It is a neurotransmitter - transporting messages from one nerve cell to another. Because it is said to enhance flavours, some scientists believe it “excites nerve endings” and exhibits “neuro-excitatory properties”, that is the ability to stimulate neurons. It is commonly used in chinese fast food.

Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites ?
  • a)
    Corbett National Park
  • b)
    Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary
  • c)
    Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
  • d)
    Sariska National Park
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

An environment ministry’s expert committee approved Kuno Palpur in Madhya Pradesh as the second home for Asiatic lions found only in Gir national park. However, the Gujarat government will not share lions unless 33 studies as mandated by international wildlife watchdog IUCN is completed

What is the aim of the programme `Unnat Bharat Abhiyan'?
  • a)
    Achieving 100% literacy by promoting collaboration between voluntary organizations and government's education system and local communities.
  • b)
    Connecting institutions of higher education with local communities to address development challenges through appropriate technologies.
  • c)
    Strengthening India's scientific research institutions in order to make India a scientific and technological power.
  • d)
    Developing human capital by allocating special funds for health care and education of rural and urban poor, and organizing skill development programmes and vocational training for them.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

With a view to uplift rural India, the Unnat Bharat Abhiyan programme is launched in collaboration with the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) and the National Institutes of Technology (NITs) across the country.
The programme aims to connect institutions of higher education, including Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), National Institutes of Technology (NITs) and Indian Institutes of Science Education & Research (IISERs) etc. with local communities to address the development challenges through appropriate technologies.

The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for
  • a)
    the participation of workers in the management of industries.
  • b)
    arbitrary powers to the management to quell industrial disputes.
  • c)
    an intervention by the British Court in the event of a trade dispute.
  • d)
    a system of tribunals and a ban on strikes.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Trade Disputes Act (TDA), 1929 made compulsory the appointment of Courts of Inquiry and Consultation Boards for settling industrial disputes;
• made illegal the strikes in public utility services like posts, railways, water and electricity, unless each individual worker planning to go on strike gave an advance notice of one month to the administration;
• forbade trade union activity of coercive or purely political nature and even sympathetic strikes.

With reference to 'Quality Council of India (QCI)', consider the following statements:
1. QCI was set up jointly by the Government of India and the Indian Industry.
2. Chairman of QCI is appointed by the Prime Minister on the recommendations of the industry to the Government.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanaya Ahuja answered
Quality Council of India (QCI) was set up jointly by the Government of India and the Indian Industry represented by the three premier industry associations i.e. Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), to establish and operate national accreditation structure and 

Which of the following are not necessarily the consequences of the proclamation of the President's rule in a State?
1. Dissolution of the State Legislative Assembly
2. Removal of the Council of Ministers in the State
3. Dissolution of the local bodies
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    1 and 3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Jaya Chopra answered
When the President’s Rule is imposed in a state, the President dismisses the state council of ministers headed by the chief minister. The state governor, on behalf of the President, carries on the state administration with the help of the chief secretary of the state or the advisors appointed by the President. This is the reason why a proclamation under Article 356 is popularly known as the imposition of ‘President’s Rule’ in a state. Further, the President either suspends or dissolves the state legislative assembly.The Parliament passes the state legislative bills and the state budget. The President's Rule doesnot lead to dissolution of local bodies.
Hence, the answer is 1 and 3 only.

In the context of India, which one of the following is the correct relationship between Rights and Duties?
  • a)
    Rights are correlative with Duties.
  • b)
    Rights are personal and hence independent of society and Duties.
  • c)
    Rights, not Duties, are important for the advancement of the personality of the citizen.
  • d)
    Duties, not Rights, are important for the stability of the State.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nabanita Kaur answered
Relationship between Rights and Duties in India

In India, the relationship between Rights and Duties is that they are correlative with each other. This means that every right has a corresponding duty and every duty has a corresponding right. This relationship is enshrined in the Constitution of India, which recognizes both Rights and Duties as important for the well-being of society.

Importance of Rights

Rights are important because they protect the individual from the arbitrary exercise of power by the State. They ensure that every citizen has the freedom to express their opinions, practice their religion, and pursue their goals without fear of persecution or discrimination. The Constitution of India guarantees several fundamental rights, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, and the right to life and liberty.

Importance of Duties

Duties, on the other hand, are important for the stability of the State. They ensure that every citizen contributes to the welfare of society and respects the rights of others. The Constitution of India also recognizes several fundamental duties, such as the duty to uphold the Constitution, respect the national flag and anthem, and promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all citizens.

Correlative Relationship

The correlative relationship between Rights and Duties means that every right comes with a corresponding duty. For example, the right to free speech comes with the duty to use that right responsibly and not to incite violence or hatred. Similarly, the right to education comes with the duty to attend school regularly and work hard to achieve academic excellence.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the relationship between Rights and Duties in India is that they are correlative with each other. Both Rights and Duties are essential for the well-being of society, and every citizen has a responsibility to respect the rights of others while exercising their own rights responsibly.

In India, it is legally mandatory for which of the following to report on cyber security incidents?
1. Service providers
2. Data centres
3. Body corporate
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Meghana Basu answered
The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team shall serve as the national agency for performing the following functions in the area of cyber security,– (a) collection, analysis and dissemination of information on cyber incidents; (b) forecast and alerts of cyber security incidents; (c) emergency measures for handling cyber security incidents; (d) coordination of cyber incidents response activities; (e) issue guidelines, advisories, vulnerability notes and white papers relating to information security practices, procedures, prevention, response and reporting of cyber incidents; (f) such other functions relating to cyber security as may be prescribed.
Any service provider, intermediaries, data centres, body corporate or person who fails to provide the information called for or comply with the above section shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees or with both.

With reference to 'National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF)', which of the statements given below is/are correct?
1. Under NSQF, a learner can acquire the certification for competency only through formal learning.
2. An outcome expected from the implementation of NSQF is the mobility between vocational and general education.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Lakshmi Chavan answered
The National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) organizes qualifications according to a series of levels of knowledge, skills and aptitude. These levels are defined in terms of learning outcomes which the learner must possess regardless of whether they were acquired through formal, nonformal or informal learning.
It provides for multiple pathways, horizontal as well as vertical, both within vocational education and vocational training and among vocational education, vocational training, general education and technical education, thus linking one level of learning to another higher level. Thus Statement 1 is not correct and statement 2 is correct.

Which of the following has/have occurred in India after its liberalization of economic policies in 1991?
1. Share of agriculture in GDP increased enormously.
2. Share of India's exports in world trade increased.
3. FDI inflows increased.
4. India's foreign exchange reserves increased enormously.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
  • a)
    1 and 4 only
  • b)
    2, 3 and 4 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Impact of Liberalization of Economic Policies in India

Since the liberalization of economic policies in India in 1991, the country has witnessed significant changes in its economic landscape. The major impacts of these policies are discussed below:

Increase in Share of India's Exports in World Trade:

The liberalization policies helped India to integrate its economy with the global market. As a result, the country's exports grew at a faster rate than its imports, leading to an increase in its share of world trade. In 1991, India's share in world trade was only 0.5%, which increased to 1.7% in 2019.

Increase in FDI Inflows:

Liberalization policies also led to an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the country. The government allowed FDI in various sectors, including manufacturing, services, and infrastructure. As a result, FDI inflows increased from $132 million in 1991-92 to $74.4 billion in 2019-20.

Increase in Foreign Exchange Reserves:

Another significant impact of liberalization policies was the increase in foreign exchange reserves. The government introduced measures to attract foreign investment and promote exports, which led to an increase in foreign exchange earnings. As a result, India's foreign exchange reserves increased from $5.8 billion in 1991 to $487.2 billion in 2020.

No Increase in Share of Agriculture in GDP:

Contrary to the statement given in the question, the share of agriculture in GDP did not increase enormously after liberalization. In fact, the share of agriculture in GDP has been declining over the years due to the growth of other sectors like manufacturing and services.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the liberalization of economic policies in India had a significant impact on the country's economy. It led to an increase in India's share of world trade, FDI inflows, and foreign exchange reserves. However, it did not result in an increase in the share of agriculture in GDP.

Consider the following statements:
1. In tropical regions, Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue.
2. Sexual transmission of Zika virus disease is possible.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Zika virus is primarily transmitted to people through the bite of an infected mosquito from the Aedes genus, mainly Aedes aegypti in tropical regions. This is the same mosquito that transmits dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Although Zika virus is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes, it can also be sexually transmitted as well.

With reference to 'Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)' sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. IOD phenomenon is characterised by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El Nino's impact on the monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Statement 1 is not correct: The Indian Ocean Dipole is an irregular oscillation of sea-surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer and then colder than the eastern part of the ocean.
Statement 2 is correct: an IOD can either aggravate or weaken the impact of El Nino on Indian monsoon. If there is a positive IOD, it can bring good rains to India despite of an El Nino year.

What is the application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology?
  • a)
    Production of biolarvicides
  • b)
    Manufacture of biodegradable plastics
  • c)
    Reproductive cloning of animals
  • d)
    Production of organisms free of diseases
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Srishti Nair answered
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer involves removing the nucleus, which contains the DNA, and implanting it into an unfertilised egg, whose nucleus has been removed. It is used in reproductive cloning of organisms.

Consider the following statements:
1. The Nuclear Security Summits are periodically held under the aegis of the United Nations.
2. The International Panel on Fissile Materials is an organ of International Atomic Energy Agency.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Kaur answered
Nuclear Security Summits are an United States-led initiative and are not under the aegis of the United Nations. The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) was founded in January 2006 and is an independent group of armscontrol and nonproliferation experts (and not an organ of International Atomic Energy Agency) from both nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapon states. Its members include nuclear experts from seventeen countries: Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Pakistan, South Korea, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

With reference to the Parliament of India, consider the following statements:
1. A private member's bill is a bill presented by a Member of Parliament who is not elected but only nominated by the President of India.
2. Recently, a private member's bill has been passed in the Parliament of India for the first time in its history.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    Neither 1 nor 2 
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    2 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Yashvi Desai answered
• Members of parliament other than ministers are called private members and bills presented by them are known as private member’s bills.
• Any MP can introduce a bill in parliament. Private member bills are bills introduced in parliament by MPs who are not ministers.
• Only 14 private members’ bills passed since Independence. The Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014, passed by the Rajya Sabha on Friday is the first private member’s bill to get the upper house’s approval in the past 45 years.

Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen?
1. A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties.
2. They are correlative to legal duties. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jaideep Singh answered
There is no legislative process provided to enforce the Fundamental duties and they are not correlative to legal duties. Like the Directive Principles, the fundamental duties are also nonjusticiable. The Constitution does not provide for their direct enforcement by the courts. Moreover, there is no legal sanction against their violation.

In the context of Indian history, the principle of `Dyarchy (diarchy)' refers to
  • a)
    Division of the central legislature into two houses.
  • b)
    Introduction of double government i.e., Central and State governments.
  • c)
    Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi.
  • d)
    Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavya Dey answered
The Government of India Act of 1919 was enacted to satisfy the people of India to some extent. The salient features of the Act were as follows : (a) Preamble: The Act provided for a Preamble that laid down the basic principles and policies upon which it was based. According to it the policy of the British Parliament was – (i) to provide for the increasing association of Indians in every branch of Indian administration, (ii) to develop self governing institutions with a view to the progressive realisation of responsible government in British India as an integral part of the empire; (iii) accordingly, the Preamble suggested for a decentralised unitary form of government. The Act divided the functions of government in two categories: central and provincial.
The provincial subjects were further subdivided into transferred and reserved. Thus, in the provinces a new form of government, dyarchy, was introduced. Dyarchy means dual set of governments, e.g. accountable and nonaccountable.
In the transferred subjects the Governors were to be assisted by the ministers responsible to the legislature while in the reserved subjects the Governors were to be advised by the councillors who were not accountable to the legislature.

Mediterranean Sea is a border of which of the following countries?
1. Jordan
2. Iraq
3. Lebanon
4. Syria
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1, 2 and 3 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 and 4 only
  • d)
    1, 3 and 4 only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruba Datta answered
The countries with coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea are Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Monaco, Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. In addition, the Gaza Strip and the British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar and Akrotiri and Dhekelia have coastlines on the sea.
On the Eastern shore, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel have their coastline on the Mediterranean Sea.

With reference to Manipuri Sankirtana, consider the following statements:
1. It is a song and dance performance.
2. Cymbals are the only musical instruments used in the performance.
3. It is performed to narrate the life and deeds of Lord Krishna.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1, 2 and 3
  • b)
    1 and 3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sankirtana encompasses an array of arts performed to mark religious occasions and various stages in the life of the Vaishnava people of the Manipur plains.
Sankirtana practices centre on the temple, where performers narrate the lives and deeds of Krishna through song and dance. Hence, statement 1 and 3 are correct.
In a typical performance, two drummers and about ten singerdancers perform in a hall or domestic courtyard encircled by seated devotees. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

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