All questions of 2016 for UPSC CSE Exam

Bitcoin is not tracked by any country's central bank. it's an private organisation which doesn't work on knowing the identity of the user that is KYC.

Gujarat

IFPRI was formed to understand agriculture of a nation and food policy best suited for that country ..To end poverty and achieve food security ..So it uses all the parameters in determining the Global hunger index..

C

Because gram nyayalyas can hear civil and criminal both types of cases as per act

(Correct Answer:- A)

12 other Pacific Rim countries have signed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement which covers about 40 per cent of the world economy.
(These 12 countries are: Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei Darussalam, Japan, Canada, United States, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Australia and New Zealand).

The agreement, one of the most ambitious Free Trade Agreements ever signed, aims at slashing tariffs on most goods traded between these countries, and the creation, over time, of a unified market like in Europe.

Calculation of Air Quality Index in Cities

Atmospheric gases that are considered in calculating the value of Air Quality Index in cities are as follows:

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Nitrogen dioxide
3. Sulphur dioxide

Explanation:

• Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measure used to report the quality of air in a particular area. It is calculated based on the concentrations of various air pollutants.

• In India, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is responsible for monitoring the ambient air quality of cities and calculating the AQI.

• The CPCB considers eight pollutants for calculating the AQI, namely: PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb.

• Out of these eight pollutants, three are atmospheric gases: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2).

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are also important atmospheric gases, but they are not considered in calculating the AQI.

Therefore, the correct answer to the given question is option B, i.e., 2, 3, and 4 only.

A

Overview of Satya Shodhak Samaj
Satya Shodhak Samaj, founded in 1873 by Jyotirao Phule in Maharashtra, is primarily known for its anti-caste movement. Its main objective was to promote social equality and fight against the oppressive caste system prevalent in Indian society.
Key Objectives of Satya Shodhak Samaj
- Social Justice: The organization aimed to uplift the marginalized sections of society, particularly those from lower castes.
- Education: It emphasized the importance of education as a means of empowerment, advocating for the education of women and the oppressed.
- Critique of Caste: The Samaj challenged the prevailing norms of Brahminical supremacy, seeking to dismantle the caste hierarchy that restricted social mobility.
Impact on Society
- Awareness: The movement raised awareness about social injustices and inspired many to question the rigid caste system.
- Community Building: It encouraged the formation of communities among the oppressed, fostering solidarity and collective action.
- Legacy: Satya Shodhak Samaj laid the groundwork for future social reform movements in India, influencing leaders like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Satya Shodhak Samaj's significance lies in its role as an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra, advocating for the rights and upliftment of the oppressed. By challenging the caste system, it contributed significantly to the broader struggle for social justice in India, making option 'C' the correct answer.

The question is incomplete. Could you please provide the complete question so that I can assist you better?

Capital Budget of the Government of India

The capital budget of the Government of India includes expenditures and receipts related to long-term investment projects and capital assets. It focuses on the acquisition of assets like roads, buildings, machinery, etc., as well as loans received from foreign governments and loans and advances granted to the States and Union Territories. Let's discuss each of these components in detail:

1. Expenditure on acquisition of assets like roads, buildings, machinery, etc:
- The capital budget includes expenses incurred by the government for the acquisition of physical assets such as infrastructure, buildings, machinery, equipment, etc.
- These expenditures are typically of a long-term nature and contribute to the development and expansion of the country's infrastructure.
- Examples of such expenditure include the construction of new roads, bridges, airports, railways, hospitals, schools, and other public infrastructure projects.

2. Loans received from foreign governments:
- The Government of India may also raise capital by obtaining loans from foreign governments.
- These loans are utilized for various development projects and initiatives.
- They provide additional funds to supplement the domestic resources available for investment in infrastructure and other sectors.
- The loans are typically repaid over a specified period of time, along with interest.

3. Loans and advances granted to the States and Union Territories:
- The capital budget also includes loans and advances granted by the central government to the States and Union Territories.
- These loans are provided to support the development activities undertaken by the States and Union Territories.
- The funds are utilized by the respective governments for infrastructure development, social welfare programs, education, healthcare, etc.
- The repayment of these loans is typically governed by agreed-upon terms and conditions.

Conclusion:
In summary, the capital budget of the Government of India includes expenditures on the acquisition of assets like roads, buildings, machinery, etc., loans received from foreign governments, and loans and advances granted to the States and Union Territories. These components play a crucial role in promoting economic development, improving infrastructure, and supporting the growth of the country.

Firstly, the terms 'amber box, blue box, and green box' are often found in the news in the context of WTO affairs.

World Trade Organization (WTO) Affairs:
The WTO is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations. It provides a framework for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes between member countries. The terms 'amber box, blue box, and green box' are related to the classification of domestic support measures for agriculture in the WTO agreements.

Amber Box:
- The amber box refers to domestic support measures that are considered to distort trade and production. These measures include price supports, input subsidies, and other forms of support that have the potential to distort agricultural markets.
- Countries are required to limit the amount of support provided under the amber box category to avoid distorting trade.

Blue Box:
- The blue box refers to domestic support measures that are considered to have a minimal trade-distorting effect. These measures include certain types of payments that are tied to production limits or constraints.
- These measures are allowed under certain conditions in the WTO agreements.

Green Box:
- The green box refers to domestic support measures that are considered to have no or minimal trade-distorting effects and are therefore allowed without any limits.
- These measures include government payments that are not tied to production levels, as well as certain types of environmental and rural development programs.
In conclusion, the terms 'amber box, blue box, and green box' are important concepts in the WTO agreements, particularly in the context of domestic support measures for agriculture. Understanding these classifications is crucial for countries to comply with their WTO obligations and ensure fair trade practices in the global agricultural sector.

Greenhouse Gas Protocol:
- Definition:
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is an international accounting tool developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). It is designed to help government and business leaders understand, quantify, and manage greenhouse gas emissions.
- Purpose:
The main purpose of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol is to provide a standardized framework for organizations to measure and report their greenhouse gas emissions. By using this tool, businesses can identify opportunities to reduce emissions, set targets for emission reductions, and track progress over time.
- Scope:
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol covers three scopes of emissions:
- Scope 1: Direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization (e.g., emissions from fuel combustion).
- Scope 2: Indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, heat, or steam.
- Scope 3: Indirect emissions that occur in the organization's value chain (e.g., emissions from transportation or waste disposal).
- Benefits:
By using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, organizations can gain a better understanding of their carbon footprint, which can lead to cost savings, improved efficiency, and enhanced reputation. It also helps businesses comply with regulations, respond to stakeholder demands, and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.
- Global Impact:
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol has been widely adopted by businesses, governments, and organizations around the world as a leading standard for greenhouse gas accounting. It helps to promote transparency, consistency, and credibility in reporting emissions data, which is essential for tackling climate change on a global scale.

The correct answer is option 'C' - 1 and 3 only.

Explanation:
1. The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission:
This statement is correct. The Mangalyaan, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2013, is indeed also known as the Mars Orbiter Mission. It was India's first interplanetary mission and aimed to study Mars' surface features, morphology, mineralogy, and atmosphere.

2. Made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after the USA:
This statement is incorrect. While the Mangalyaan successfully reached the Mars orbit, it did not make India the second country to do so. In fact, the Mangalyaan made India the fourth country to reach Mars' orbit, after the United States, the Soviet Union, and the European Space Agency. However, it is worth noting that the Mangalyaan was the first successful Mars mission by any country in its first attempt, which leads us to the next statement.

3. Made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt:
This statement is correct. The Mangalyaan's successful insertion into Mars' orbit on its first attempt made India the first and only country to achieve this feat. This is a significant achievement, as many previous Mars missions by other countries had experienced failures or required multiple attempts to successfully enter Mars' orbit.

In conclusion, out of the given statements, statement 1 and statement 3 are correct. The Mangalyaan is also known as the Mars Orbiter Mission, and India became the only country to successfully put a spacecraft into Mars' orbit in its first attempt.

The human genome is made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), along, winding molecule that contains the instructions needed to build and maintain cells. These instructions are spelled out in the form of 'base pairs of four different chemicals, organised into 20,000 to 25,000 genes.  For instructions to be carried out, DNA must be 'read' and transcribed in other words, copied - into RNA (ribonucleic acid). These gene readouts are called transcripts, and a transcriptome is a collection of all the gene readouts present in a cell. A transcriptome is the full range of messenger RNA, or mRNA, molecules expressed by an organism. The term 'transcriptome' can also be used to describe the array of mRNA transcripts produced in a particular cell or tissue type. In contrast with the genome, which is characterised by its stability, transcriptome actively changes. In fact, an organism's transcriptome varies depending on many factors, including stage of development and environmental conditions.

Explanation:

The concept of Bodhisattva is central to Mahayana sect of Buddhism, not Hinayana. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect. The correct statements are:

2. Bodhisattva is a compassionate one on his way to enlightenment.
This statement is correct. Bodhisattva is a being who is motivated by great compassion and seeks to attain enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings.

3. Bodhisattva delays achieving his own salvation to help all sentient beings on their path to it.
This statement is also correct. Bodhisattva delays achieving his own salvation until all sentient beings have been liberated from suffering.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B - 2 and 3 only.

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