All questions of Topic-wise Tests for UPSC CSE Exam

Kalighat painting or Kalighat Pat originated in the 19th century Bengal, in the vicinity of Kalighat Kali Temple, Kalighat, Kolkata, India, and from being items of souvenir taken by the visitors to the Kali temple, the paintings over a period of time developed as a distinct school of Indian painting.

 Mahatma Gandhi first started his Satyagraha in India at Champaran in Bihar in 1917. He was requested by Rajkumar Shukla to look into the problems of poor peasants caused by the indigo planters of Chamaparan.

Religious Policies of Akbar

Akbar banned the forced conversion:
Akbar believed in religious tolerance and diversity, and he issued a decree in 1564 that banned forced conversions. He believed that people should be able to practice their religion freely without coercion.

Akbar abolished pilgrim tax on Hindus:
Akbar also abolished the pilgrim tax, which was a tax imposed on Hindus who wanted to go on pilgrimages to holy sites. This move was seen as a way to promote religious harmony and equality among different faiths.

Jazia tax was abolished:
One of the most significant religious policies of Akbar was the abolition of the Jazia tax, which was a tax imposed on non-Muslims in the Mughal Empire. This decision was a major step towards religious equality and was aimed at fostering harmony among people of different faiths.

Conclusion:
Akbar's religious policies were aimed at promoting tolerance, equality, and harmony among people of different religions. By banning forced conversions, abolishing the pilgrim tax on Hindus, and getting rid of the Jazia tax, Akbar created an environment where people could practice their faith freely and peacefully.

Qutab din ibak imposed Jiziya for the first tym which was called KHARAJO JIZYA.It was abolished by Mughal rulerAkbar in 16th century but reintroduced by Aurangzeb in 17th century

Incorrect Statement about "Tuzak-i-Babari or Babarnamah"

Explanation:

Written by Babar Himself
- The Babarnama or Tuzuk-i Babri was indeed written by Babar himself. It is an autobiography that provides insights into his life, conquests, and the socio-political landscape of his time.

Written in Turkish Language
- The Babarnama was written in Chagatai Turkish, a language Babar was proficient in. It is considered one of the finest examples of early Mughal literature.

Written by Sheikh Mirza
- The statement that the Babarnama was written by Sheikh Mirza is incorrect. Sheikh Mirza was a close companion of Babar, but he did not write the Babarnama. It was directly penned by Babar himself.

It was Memoir
- The Babarnama is a memoir that chronicles Babar's life, including his early years, his struggles, his conquests, and his reflections on rulership. It provides valuable historical and cultural insights into the period.
In conclusion, the incorrect statement about the Babarnama is that it was written by Sheikh Mirza. It was, in fact, authored by Babar himself in Turkish.

The correct answer is option 'C', i.e., both the statements are correct.

1. **Brahmo Samaj was established by Raja Rammohan Roy**:
Raja Rammohan Roy, a prominent social reformer and intellectual, founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828. The Brahmo Samaj was a religious and social reform movement that aimed to promote monotheism, discourage idol worship, and advocate for the eradication of social evils like sati, child marriage, and caste discrimination. Raja Rammohan Roy played a significant role in challenging orthodox Hindu practices and fostering a spirit of rational thought and social progress.

2. **Arya Samaj was established by Swami Dayananda Saraswati**:
Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a visionary and spiritual leader, founded the Arya Samaj in 1875. The Arya Samaj aimed to revive the true essence of Hinduism and promote social reform based on the principles of Vedic scriptures. Swami Dayananda Saraswati emphasized the importance of Vedic knowledge and advocated for the rejection of idol worship, caste discrimination, child marriage, and other social ills. The Arya Samaj played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement and contributed to the resurgence of Hindu identity and pride.

Both the Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj were important socio-religious movements that emerged during the 19th century in India. While the Brahmo Samaj sought to reform Hinduism from within, the Arya Samaj aimed to purify and revive Hinduism based on Vedic principles. Both movements played a significant role in challenging societal norms and advocating for social reforms.

It is important to note that despite their similarities, there were also differences between the two movements. The Brahmo Samaj focused more on monotheism, rationalism, and eradicating social evils, while the Arya Samaj emphasized Vedic knowledge, rituals, and the promotion of a Vedic way of life. Nonetheless, both the Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj contributed to the social, religious, and intellectual reform movements in India during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

The song was written in 1905 in Bangla. Rabindranath Tagore was the only person to write National Anthem of two countries, i.e. India and Bangladesh.

With reference to the vijaya nagara age marriage is known as kalyanam and the hall which it takes place is called as mandapam

Humayun's tomb (Hindustani: Maqbara-i Humayun, Persian:  is the tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum (also known  in 1558, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad, Persian architects chosen by her. It was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, and is located in Nizamuddin East, Delhi, India, close to the Dina-panah Citadel, also known as Purana Qila (Old Fort), that Humayun found in 1533. It was also the first structure to use red sandstone at such a scale. The tomb was completed in 1562.The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993, and since then has undergone extensive restoration work, which is complete. Besides the main tomb enclosure of Humayun, several smaller monuments dot the pathway leading up to it, from the main entrance in the West, including one that even pre-dates the main tomb itself, by twenty years; it is the tomb complex of Isa Khan Niyazi, an Afghan noble in Sher Shah Suri's court of the Suri dynasty, who fought against the Mughals, constructed in 1547 CE.

Why did the people of India agitate against the arrival of Simon Commission?

Introduction
The Simon Commission was formed in 1927 to review the progress of the Government of India Act, 1919. However, the arrival of the Simon Commission in India led to widespread protests and agitation. The following are the reasons why the people of India agitated against the arrival of Simon Commission.

No Indian member in the Simon Commission
The Simon Commission was composed entirely of British members. There was no Indian member in the Commission, which was seen as a great insult to the Indian people. The Indian National Congress demanded that the Commission should have at least one Indian member, but the British government did not agree.

Suggested partition of the country
The Simon Commission suggested that the country should be partitioned into Hindu and Muslim regions. This suggestion was seen as a direct attack on the unity of India and was vehemently opposed by the Indian people. The Indian National Congress passed a resolution condemning the suggestion of the Simon Commission.

Recommendation to abolish Dyarchy
The Simon Commission recommended the abolition of Dyarchy (Diarchy) in the Provinces. The people of India saw this recommendation as an attempt to centralize power in the hands of the British government and to curtail the powers of the elected representatives of the people.

Conclusion
The arrival of the Simon Commission in India led to widespread protests and agitation. The people of India saw the Commission as an insult to their sovereignty and as an attempt by the British government to deny them their rightful place in the governance of their own country. The recommendations of the Commission were seen as attempts to curtail the powers of the elected representatives of the people and to centralize power in the hands of the British government.

A

's Despatch of 1854 laid the foundation of British Education Policy in India.

2. The British Education Policy aimed at producing a class of Indians who would be educated enough to serve as intermediaries between the British and the Indian people.

3. The British Education Policy initially focused on the education of the elite class and the promotion of English language and culture.

4. The Indian Education Act of 1901 made elementary education compulsory and provided for the establishment of universities.

5. The British Education Policy in India was criticized for promoting a system of education that was alien to Indian culture and for neglecting the education of the masses.

The First Factory Act, which was aimed at regulating the working conditions of women and children in the factories, was adopted during the time of Lord Ripon.

Explanation:

Lord Ripon was the Governor-General of India from 1880 to 1884. During his tenure, he introduced a number of social and economic reforms. One of the major reforms was the Factory Act of 1881, which was aimed at regulating the working hours of women and children in the factories. The Act was introduced in response to the growing concern over the poor working conditions of women and children, who were forced to work long hours in hazardous conditions.

Features of the Factory Act of 1881:

The Factory Act of 1881 had the following features:

1. The Act restricted the working hours of women and children in the factories to a maximum of 12 hours a day.

2. The Act authorized local governments to make necessary rules for the implementation of the Act.

3. The Act provided for the appointment of factory inspectors to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Act.

4. The Act also provided for the establishment of a system of fines and penalties for violations of the provisions of the Act.

Significance of the Factory Act of 1881:

The Factory Act of 1881 was a significant reform in the history of India. It was the first legislation that aimed at regulating the working conditions of women and children in the factories. The Act helped to improve the working conditions of women and children in the factories and ensured that they were not exploited by their employers. The Act also set the stage for future reforms in the field of labor and employment in India.

Explanation:

Statement 1: Why Socialism is a book written by Jayaprakash Narayan.
This statement is incorrect. Jayaprakash Narayan was an Indian independence activist and political leader, but he did not write a book titled "Why Socialism." The correct author of the book "Why Socialism" is Albert Einstein, a renowned physicist.

Statement 2: New Lamps for Old is a book written by Rabindranath Tagore.
This statement is also incorrect. "New Lamps for Old" is not a book written by Rabindranath Tagore. Rabindranath Tagore was a famous Indian poet, writer, and philosopher who authored several notable works such as Gitanjali, The Home and the World, and The Gardener.

Therefore, neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct.

Correct answer: Option C) None of them

The options mentioned are wrong.

Option "C".

Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was a ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty who ruled over the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century. His reign was marked by several significant events and policies, some of which are mentioned below:

Transfer of capital to Daulatabad
- Muhammad Bin Tughlaq is known for his decision to transfer the capital of the Delhi Sultanate from Delhi to Daulatabad, a city near Pune in present-day Maharashtra.
- The reason behind this move was to ensure better governance and defense against Mongol invasions. However, it proved to be a costly and difficult undertaking, as the people of Delhi were unwilling to move and the logistics of transporting the entire administration were complicated.

Diwan-i-Kohi and Famine code
- Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was also known for his efforts to tackle the problem of famine in his kingdom.
- He created the Diwan-i-Kohi, which was a department dedicated to agriculture and the welfare of farmers.
- He also introduced a Famine code, which laid down guidelines for the provision of relief and assistance to the affected population during times of scarcity.

Introduction of token currency
- Another notable policy of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the introduction of token currency in the form of copper and brass coins.
- These coins were meant to be used as a substitute for silver coins, which were in short supply at the time. However, they were not widely accepted by the people and caused confusion and economic instability.

In conclusion, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's reign was marked by several significant policies and events, some of which were successful and others were not. His decision to transfer the capital to Daulatabad and his efforts to address the problem of famine are examples of his attempts to improve governance and welfare. However, his introduction of token currency was a controversial and ultimately unsuccessful policy.

Hey Jyoti tum iss edu app par kb se ho?

The Rowlatt Act was a controversial legislation passed by the British colonial government in India in 1919. It was named after the British judge Sir Sidney Rowlatt, who headed the committee that drafted the act. The act aimed to suppress political unrest and revolution in India, particularly in the aftermath of World War I. It had several provisions that severely curtailed civil liberties and was met with strong opposition from the Indian population.

The main aim of the Rowlatt Act was to impose restrictions on freedom of speech, assembly, and press. It authorized the colonial government to arrest and detain individuals without trial for an indefinite period. This provision was seen as a direct attack on civil liberties and a violation of the principles of justice. Under the act, the government had the power to imprison individuals without providing any evidence or allowing them to defend themselves in a court of law.

The act also aimed to suppress the Khilafat Movement, which was a political campaign launched by Indian Muslims to protest against the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire and the abolition of the Caliphate. The movement sought to mobilize support from the Indian population and put pressure on the British government to protect the rights and interests of Muslims. The Rowlatt Act was seen as an attempt to crush this movement and prevent any form of political mobilization.

Another aim of the Rowlatt Act was to ensure compulsory economic support for the war efforts of the British government. India was a major supplier of resources and manpower during World War I, and the act aimed to ensure that the colonial government had the power to requisition resources and impose economic restrictions to support the war efforts.

In conclusion, the Rowlatt Act aimed at imposing restrictions on civil liberties, suppressing political movements, and ensuring compulsory economic support for the war efforts of the British government. It was a highly controversial legislation that was met with widespread opposition and contributed to the growing discontent and nationalist sentiment in India.