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All questions of Class 12 (Themes in Indian History II) for UPSC CSE Exam
'Amara' is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word- a)Suratrana.
- b)Samara.
- c)Sultan.
- d)Amir.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
'Amara' is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word
a)
Suratrana.
b)
Samara.
c)
Sultan.
d)
Amir.
 | Prashanth Das answered |
The word 'Samara' means battle or war. Historians argue that the word 'Amara' also resembles the Persian term 'Amir', meaning a high noble.
The European traveller who visited India and China was- a)Peter Mundy.
- b)Marco Polo.
- c)Francois Bernier.
- d)Antonio Monserrate.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The European traveller who visited India and China was
a)
Peter Mundy.
b)
Marco Polo.
c)
Francois Bernier.
d)
Antonio Monserrate.
| | Anand Das answered |
Marco Polo came from Venice, in Italy, and visited India and China in the thirteenth century.
Ibn Battuta had set off for India in the year:- a)1221-1222 CE.
- b)1332-1333 CE.
- c)1347-1348 CE.
- d)1411-1412 CE.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Ibn Battuta had set off for India in the year:
a)
1221-1222 CE.
b)
1332-1333 CE.
c)
1347-1348 CE.
d)
1411-1412 CE.
 | Kunal Verma answered |
Ibn Battuta came to India in the fourteenth century. He had set off for India in the year 1332-1333 CE.
In Mughal administration, the court writers who recorded all court documents and imperial orders were called:- a)Qazis.
- b)Wakil.
- c)Mir Bakhshi.
- d)Waqia Nawis.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In Mughal administration, the court writers who recorded all court documents and imperial orders were called:
a)
Qazis.
b)
Wakil.
c)
Mir Bakhshi.
d)
Waqia Nawis.
 | Bhupesh answered |
Waqia nawis were the court writers. They recorded all applications and documents presented to the court, and all imperial orders (farman).
The scenes from Ramayana were sculpted on the inner walls of:- a)Lotus Mahal
- b)Hazara Rama Temple
- c)Virupaksha Temple
- d)Vitthala Temple
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The scenes from Ramayana were sculpted on the inner walls of:
a)
Lotus Mahal
b)
Hazara Rama Temple
c)
Virupaksha Temple
d)
Vitthala Temple
| | Saumya Pillai answered |
Hazara Rama Temple is one of the well-known temples in Hampi city. Some of the sculpted panels on the walls of the temple have survived.
The term used by Indo-Persian sources to reffer to peasants was- a)Raiyat
- b)Mandal.
- c)Muqaddam.
- d)Majur.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The term used by Indo-Persian sources to reffer to peasants was
a)
Raiyat
b)
Mandal.
c)
Muqaddam.
d)
Majur.
 | Nitin Chakraborty answered |
The Indo-Persian sources of the Mughal period used terms like Raiyat or Muzarian to denote peasants. In addition, the terms Kisan or asami were also used.
The third book of the Ain-i Akbari, mulk-abadi, deals with the- a)administration of the empire.
- b)civil administration of the empire.
- c)cultural traditions of the empire.
- d)fiscal side of the empire.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The third book of the Ain-i Akbari, mulk-abadi, deals with the
a)
administration of the empire.
b)
civil administration of the empire.
c)
cultural traditions of the empire.
d)
fiscal side of the empire.
| | Anand Das answered |
The book of mulk-abadi provides rich quantitative information on revenue rates and included the “Account of the Twelve Provinces”. This section has a detailed statistical information on the geographic, topographic and economic profile of all subas and their administrative and fiscal divisions (sarkars, parganas and mahals), total measured area and assessed revenue (jama).
Which of the following accurately describes Ibn Battuta's travels in the 14th century?
i. Ibn Battuta traveled from North Africa to China, covering large parts of Asia.
ii. He served as a judge (qazi) in the court of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in Delhi.
iii. Ibn Battuta wrote about the harsh conditions of the postal system in India.
iv. He was imprisoned in India and never held a position in the government.- a)i and ii
- b)iii and iv
- c)i, ii and iii
- d)all of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following accurately describes Ibn Battuta's travels in the 14th century?
i. Ibn Battuta traveled from North Africa to China, covering large parts of Asia.
ii. He served as a judge (qazi) in the court of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in Delhi.
iii. Ibn Battuta wrote about the harsh conditions of the postal system in India.
iv. He was imprisoned in India and never held a position in the government.
i. Ibn Battuta traveled from North Africa to China, covering large parts of Asia.
ii. He served as a judge (qazi) in the court of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in Delhi.
iii. Ibn Battuta wrote about the harsh conditions of the postal system in India.
iv. He was imprisoned in India and never held a position in the government.
a)
i and ii
b)
iii and iv
c)
i, ii and iii
d)
all of the above
| | Pj Commerce Academy answered |
Ibn Battuta traveled extensively, from North Africa to China, visiting important regions like India, where he served as a judge (qazi) in Delhi under Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq. He praised the efficiency of the postal system rather than describing it harshly, and after being briefly imprisoned, he returned to government service, making statements iii and iv incorrect.
Most regions, under the Mughals, produced a minimum of- a)one crop.
- b)two crops.
- c)three crops.
- d)four crops.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most regions, under the Mughals, produced a minimum of
a)
one crop.
b)
two crops.
c)
three crops.
d)
four crops.
| | Simran Rane answered |
Agriculture was organised around two major seasonal cycles, the kharif (autumn) and the rabi (spring). Most regions, except those terrains that were the most arid or inhospitable, produced a minimum of two crops a year (do-fasla).
The power of the Mughal dynasty diminished after the death of- a)Jahangir
- b)Shah Jahan
- c)Aurangzeb
- d)Bahadur Shah Zafar II
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The power of the Mughal dynasty diminished after the death of
a)
Jahangir
b)
Shah Jahan
c)
Aurangzeb
d)
Bahadur Shah Zafar II
 | Ujwal Kulkarni answered |
After 1707, after the death of Aurangzeb, the power of the Mughal dynasty got diminished. Now, different regional powers acquired greater autonomy. Finally in 1857, the last Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah Zafar II, was overthrown by the British.
Assertion (A): Ibn Battuta's extensive travels across multiple continents significantly influenced European understanding of non-European cultures.Reason (R): His travel accounts were recorded and translated by local rulers upon his return to Morocco, showcasing their importance.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Ibn Battuta's extensive travels across multiple continents significantly influenced European understanding of non-European cultures.
Reason (R): His travel accounts were recorded and translated by local rulers upon his return to Morocco, showcasing their importance.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
| | Pj Commerce Academy answered |
- Assertion: The assertion is true; Ibn Battuta's travels did indeed broaden European perspectives on various cultures, particularly in Africa, Asia, and beyond.
- Reason: The reason is also true; the local ruler did instruct the recording of Battuta’s stories, which indicates their significance.
- Explanation: The reason correctly explains the assertion as it highlights the impact of his recorded accounts in enhancing European knowledge of different cultures.
The reign of Akbar was from:- a)1530-40 AD
- b)1605-27 AD
- c)1556-1605 AD
- d)1628-58 AD
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The reign of Akbar was from:
a)
1530-40 AD
b)
1605-27 AD
c)
1556-1605 AD
d)
1628-58 AD
 | Nandita Joshi answered |
Jalaludin Akbar's reign was from 1556-1605 AD.
The term 'Mughal' was used for Timurid rulers in sixteenth century by:- a)Arabs
- b)Europeans
- c)Portuguese
- d)Iranians
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The term 'Mughal' was used for Timurid rulers in sixteenth century by:
a)
Arabs
b)
Europeans
c)
Portuguese
d)
Iranians
 | Saptarshi Ghosh answered |
The term 'Mughal' was first used by Europeans for the Timurid rulers of India.
Which of the following is true about Francois Bernier and his observations on India?
i. Bernier criticized the Mughal system of landownership, comparing it to European practices.
ii. He praised the Mughal system for its ability to sustain long-term agricultural development.
iii. Bernier's work was highly influential in shaping Western ideas about Oriental Despotism.
iv. His descriptions of Indian towns depicted them as prosperous and well-organized.- a)ii and iv
- b)i and iii
- c)i, ii and iv
- d)all of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is true about Francois Bernier and his observations on India?
i. Bernier criticized the Mughal system of landownership, comparing it to European practices.
ii. He praised the Mughal system for its ability to sustain long-term agricultural development.
iii. Bernier's work was highly influential in shaping Western ideas about Oriental Despotism.
iv. His descriptions of Indian towns depicted them as prosperous and well-organized.
i. Bernier criticized the Mughal system of landownership, comparing it to European practices.
ii. He praised the Mughal system for its ability to sustain long-term agricultural development.
iii. Bernier's work was highly influential in shaping Western ideas about Oriental Despotism.
iv. His descriptions of Indian towns depicted them as prosperous and well-organized.
a)
ii and iv
b)
i and iii
c)
i, ii and iv
d)
all of the above
| | Pj Commerce Academy answered |
Francois Bernier was critical of the Mughal system of landownership, believing it hindered agricultural growth. His ideas helped shape the Western concept of Oriental Despotism, which portrayed Asian rulers as having absolute power. He did not praise the system for long-term development, nor did he describe Indian towns in an entirely positive light, making ii and iv incorrect.
The jeweller who travelled to India many times was- a)Duarte Barbosa
- b)Roberto Nobili
- c)Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
- d)François Bernier
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The jeweller who travelled to India many times was
a)
Duarte Barbosa
b)
Roberto Nobili
c)
Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
d)
François Bernier
| | Shruti Joshi answered |
One of the most famous travellers to India was Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, a French jeweller who travelled to India at least six times. He was fascinated with trading conditions in India, which he compared to Iran and the Ottoman Empire.
The term which Indo-Persian sources of the Mughal period frequently used to denote a peasant was- a)do-fasla.
- b)khud-kashta.
- c)pahi-kashta.
- d)raiyat.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The term which Indo-Persian sources of the Mughal period frequently used to denote a peasant was
a)
do-fasla.
b)
khud-kashta.
c)
pahi-kashta.
d)
raiyat.
 | Anjali Pillai answered |
Riaya was plural for the term 'raiyat' or 'muzarian'. During the seventeenth century, there were two kinds of peasants – khud-kashta and pahi-kashta in the Mughal Empire.
Krishnadeva Raya ascended the throne in the year- a)1507 AD.
- b)1509 AD.
- c)1503 AD.
- d)1512 AD.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Krishnadeva Raya ascended the throne in the year
a)
1507 AD.
b)
1509 AD.
c)
1503 AD.
d)
1512 AD.
| | Lakshmi Kulkarni answered |
Krishnadeva Raya ruled the Vijayanagara Empire between 1509-29 AD. He was the most famous ruler of Vijayanagara and composed a work on statecraft in Telugu, known as the Amuktamalyada.
When did Krishnadeva Raya die?- a)1527 AD
- b)1529 AD
- c)1533 AD
- d)1537 AD
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
When did Krishnadeva Raya die?
a)
1527 AD
b)
1529 AD
c)
1533 AD
d)
1537 AD
 | Prasenjit Rane answered |
Krishnadeva Raya, the greatest of the Vijayanagara rulers, died in 1529 AD.
The ruins at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by- a)Alexander Greenlaw.
- b)Colonel Colin Mackenzie.
- c)Fernao Nuniz.
- d)J.F. Fleet.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The ruins at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by
a)
Alexander Greenlaw.
b)
Colonel Colin Mackenzie.
c)
Fernao Nuniz.
d)
J.F. Fleet.
 | Ishani Gupta answered |
In 1815, he was appointed the first Surveyor General of India. He prepared the first survey map of the site.
According to Shihabuddin Suhrawardi’s philosophy, God was represented by the symbol of- a)Emperor
- b)Sun
- c)Moon
- d)lotus.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
According to Shihabuddin Suhrawardi’s philosophy, God was represented by the symbol of
a)
Emperor
b)
Sun
c)
Moon
d)
lotus.
| | Arjun Ghoshal answered |
Shihabuddin Suhrawardi was a famous Iranian Sufi. Abu’l Fazl was inspired by his philosophy. Suhrawardi composed most of his treatises over a very short span of time, most probably during the course of about ten years .
Akbar shifted his capital from Fatehpur Sikri in 1585 AD to- a)Agra
- b)Lahore
- c)Shahjahanabad
- d)Devagiri
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Akbar shifted his capital from Fatehpur Sikri in 1585 AD to
a)
Agra
b)
Lahore
c)
Shahjahanabad
d)
Devagiri
| | Abhay Sharma answered |
Some historians believe that Akbar had to attend to the north-west area of his empire and simply moved his capital for political reasons . In 1585 AD, the capital was relocated to Lahore and, in 1599 AD, to Agra.
The ‘Nalayira Divyaprabandham’ of the Alvars was compared with the- a)Four Vedas.
- b)Manusmiriti.
- c)Mahabharata.
- d)Ramayana.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The ‘Nalayira Divyaprabandham’ of the Alvars was compared with the
a)
Four Vedas.
b)
Manusmiriti.
c)
Mahabharata.
d)
Ramayana.
| | Jaideep Mehta answered |
Nalayira Divyaprabandham was composed in the tenth century AD. Its acceptance as Tamil Veda shows the influence of Alvars and Nayanars in South Indian society. This anthology is said to be composed by 12 Alvars.
Gulbadan Begum was the aunt of- a)Babur.
- b)Humayun.
- c)Akbar
- d)Sher Shah.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Gulbadan Begum was the aunt of
a)
Babur.
b)
Humayun.
c)
Akbar
d)
Sher Shah.
| | Kajal Singh answered |
Akbar was fond of his aunt Gulbadan Begum and knew of her storytelling skills. He commissioned her aunt to chronicle the story of his father Humayun. Akbar asked his aunt to write whatever she remembered about her brother’s life - Humayun’s glory days of victories and agonies of his defeats, his joys and trepidations.
In the third battle of Panipat, the Marathas were defeated by- a)Ahmad Shah Abdali.
- b)Nadir Shah.
- c)Sher Shah.
- d)Bahadur Shah II.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the third battle of Panipat, the Marathas were defeated by
a)
Ahmad Shah Abdali.
b)
Nadir Shah.
c)
Sher Shah.
d)
Bahadur Shah II.
 | Avi Kapoor answered |
The third battle of Panipat took place in 1761 AD. Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas in this battle.
The mother tongue of Mughal Dynasty was- a)Persian.
- b)Turkish.
- c)Arabic.
- d)Greek.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The mother tongue of Mughal Dynasty was
a)
Persian.
b)
Turkish.
c)
Arabic.
d)
Greek.
 | Sounak Mehra answered |
The Mughals were Chaghtai Turks and thus, their mother tongue was Turkish. Babur wrote poetry and his memoirs in this language.
Assertion (A): Al-Biruni's "Kitab-ul-Hind" is structured to enhance understanding of Indian culture through a comparison of various subjects.Reason (R): The work contains 80 chapters, each beginning with a question that leads to an analysis of Sanskritic traditions.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Al-Biruni's "Kitab-ul-Hind" is structured to enhance understanding of Indian culture through a comparison of various subjects.
Reason (R): The work contains 80 chapters, each beginning with a question that leads to an analysis of Sanskritic traditions.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
| | Sounak Nambiar answered |
Understanding the Assertion and Reason
The Assertion (A) claims that Al-Biruni's "Kitab-ul-Hind" is designed to enhance comprehension of Indian culture through comparative analysis. The Reason (R) supports this by mentioning that the work consists of 80 chapters, each initiated with a question that explores Sanskritic traditions.
Analysis of the Assertion
- Al-Biruni, a Persian scholar, wrote "Kitab-ul-Hind" in the early 11th century.
- The text serves as a comprehensive study of Indian society, religion, and science.
- By comparing various subjects, Al-Biruni aimed to provide a deeper understanding of Indian culture to his audience, particularly for those unfamiliar with it.
Analysis of the Reason
- The structure of "Kitab-ul-Hind" indeed consists of 80 chapters, each starting with a relevant question.
- This method encourages critical analysis and exploration of Indian traditions and texts, especially Sanskritic ones.
- The question-driven approach helps unravel complex cultural themes and practices, making the content more accessible and relatable.
Conclusion
- Both the Assertion and Reason are true.
- The Reason provides a detailed mechanism of how Al-Biruni's work enhances understanding through its structured approach.
- Therefore, it correctly explains the Assertion, leading to the conclusion that option 'A' is the correct answer.
In summary, Al-Biruni's text is not just a study but a bridge to understanding Indian culture, effectively supported by its unique questioning framework.
The Assertion (A) claims that Al-Biruni's "Kitab-ul-Hind" is designed to enhance comprehension of Indian culture through comparative analysis. The Reason (R) supports this by mentioning that the work consists of 80 chapters, each initiated with a question that explores Sanskritic traditions.
Analysis of the Assertion
- Al-Biruni, a Persian scholar, wrote "Kitab-ul-Hind" in the early 11th century.
- The text serves as a comprehensive study of Indian society, religion, and science.
- By comparing various subjects, Al-Biruni aimed to provide a deeper understanding of Indian culture to his audience, particularly for those unfamiliar with it.
Analysis of the Reason
- The structure of "Kitab-ul-Hind" indeed consists of 80 chapters, each starting with a relevant question.
- This method encourages critical analysis and exploration of Indian traditions and texts, especially Sanskritic ones.
- The question-driven approach helps unravel complex cultural themes and practices, making the content more accessible and relatable.
Conclusion
- Both the Assertion and Reason are true.
- The Reason provides a detailed mechanism of how Al-Biruni's work enhances understanding through its structured approach.
- Therefore, it correctly explains the Assertion, leading to the conclusion that option 'A' is the correct answer.
In summary, Al-Biruni's text is not just a study but a bridge to understanding Indian culture, effectively supported by its unique questioning framework.
In Bihar, the low caste group which was comapared to slaves was- a)Muqaddam.
- b)Patwaris.
- c)Halalkhorans.
- d)Mallahzadas.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In Bihar, the low caste group which was comapared to slaves was
a)
Muqaddam.
b)
Patwaris.
c)
Halalkhorans.
d)
Mallahzadas.
| | Anand Mukherjee answered |
Low-caste groups comprised a large section of the village population. They had the least resources and were constrained by their position in the caste hierarchy, much like the Dalits of modern India. The Mallahzadas (literally, sons of boatmen) in Bihar were comparable to slaves.
The ruins of Hampi were brought to light in:- a)1800
- b)1845
- c)1856
- d)1858
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The ruins of Hampi were brought to light in:
a)
1800
b)
1845
c)
1856
d)
1858
| | Rishabh Sengupta answered |
An engineer, Colonel Colin Mackenzie, brought the ruins of Hampi to light in 1800.
Vegetables like tomatoes, potatoes and chillies reached India from the- a)Continental World.
- b)Middle World.
- c)New World.
- d)Old World.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Vegetables like tomatoes, potatoes and chillies reached India from the
a)
Continental World.
b)
Middle World.
c)
New World.
d)
Old World.
| | Akshita Saha answered |
The New World is a term used for the non-Afro-Eurasian parts of the Earth, specifically the Americas. During the seventeenth century, fruits like pineapple and papaya also reached India.
Which of the following statements is true regarding Al-Biruni's study of India?
i. Al-Biruni learned several languages, including Sanskrit, to understand Indian culture.
ii. He compared Indian practices with those of other cultures to create a comprehensive understanding.
iii. Al-Biruni was the first to translate the entire Vedas into Arabic.
iv. His work, Kitab-ul-Hind, was widely read in India before 1500.Options:
A. i and ii
B. ii and iv
C. i, ii, and iii
D. iii and iv- a)i and ii
- b)ii and iv
- c)i, ii and iii
- d)iii and iv
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is true regarding Al-Biruni's study of India?
i. Al-Biruni learned several languages, including Sanskrit, to understand Indian culture.
ii. He compared Indian practices with those of other cultures to create a comprehensive understanding.
iii. Al-Biruni was the first to translate the entire Vedas into Arabic.
iv. His work, Kitab-ul-Hind, was widely read in India before 1500.
i. Al-Biruni learned several languages, including Sanskrit, to understand Indian culture.
ii. He compared Indian practices with those of other cultures to create a comprehensive understanding.
iii. Al-Biruni was the first to translate the entire Vedas into Arabic.
iv. His work, Kitab-ul-Hind, was widely read in India before 1500.
Options:
A. i and ii
B. ii and iv
C. i, ii, and iii
D. iii and iv
A. i and ii
B. ii and iv
C. i, ii, and iii
D. iii and iv
a)
i and ii
b)
ii and iv
c)
i, ii and iii
d)
iii and iv
 | Jyoti Yadav answered |
Overview of Al-Biruni's Contributions
Al-Biruni was a prominent Persian scholar who made significant contributions to the understanding of Indian culture and sciences during the medieval period. His work, particularly "Kitab-ul-Hind," provides valuable insights into the cultural, religious, and scientific aspects of India.
Language Proficiency
- Al-Biruni learned several languages, including Sanskrit.
- This linguistic skill allowed him to engage deeply with Indian texts and culture, enhancing his understanding and appreciation of the region.
Comparative Analysis
- He compared Indian practices with those of other cultures, including those from the Greco-Roman world and Islamic traditions.
- This comparative approach enabled him to create a comprehensive understanding of Indian society and its customs.
Translation of the Vedas
- Al-Biruni was not the first to translate the entire Vedas into Arabic; rather, he focused on summarizing and explaining various aspects of Indian philosophy, science, and religion.
- His work did not include a complete translation of the Vedas, which is a common misconception.
Impact of Kitab-ul-Hind
- Although "Kitab-ul-Hind" was influential, it was not widely read in India before 1500.
- The text primarily catered to scholars in the Islamic world and was instrumental in bridging cultural gaps rather than being a popular read in India itself.
Conclusion
The correct answer is option 'A' (i and ii) because Al-Biruni indeed learned several languages, including Sanskrit, and he engaged in comparative analysis of Indian practices with other cultures, which enriched his understanding of India. The other statements regarding the translation of the Vedas and the widespread readership of "Kitab-ul-Hind" are inaccurate.
Al-Biruni was a prominent Persian scholar who made significant contributions to the understanding of Indian culture and sciences during the medieval period. His work, particularly "Kitab-ul-Hind," provides valuable insights into the cultural, religious, and scientific aspects of India.
Language Proficiency
- Al-Biruni learned several languages, including Sanskrit.
- This linguistic skill allowed him to engage deeply with Indian texts and culture, enhancing his understanding and appreciation of the region.
Comparative Analysis
- He compared Indian practices with those of other cultures, including those from the Greco-Roman world and Islamic traditions.
- This comparative approach enabled him to create a comprehensive understanding of Indian society and its customs.
Translation of the Vedas
- Al-Biruni was not the first to translate the entire Vedas into Arabic; rather, he focused on summarizing and explaining various aspects of Indian philosophy, science, and religion.
- His work did not include a complete translation of the Vedas, which is a common misconception.
Impact of Kitab-ul-Hind
- Although "Kitab-ul-Hind" was influential, it was not widely read in India before 1500.
- The text primarily catered to scholars in the Islamic world and was instrumental in bridging cultural gaps rather than being a popular read in India itself.
Conclusion
The correct answer is option 'A' (i and ii) because Al-Biruni indeed learned several languages, including Sanskrit, and he engaged in comparative analysis of Indian practices with other cultures, which enriched his understanding of India. The other statements regarding the translation of the Vedas and the widespread readership of "Kitab-ul-Hind" are inaccurate.
Assertion (A): Sufism emerged as a response to the perceived materialism and institutionalization of the Caliphate in early Islamic history.Reason (R): Sufis sought to emphasize intense devotion and love for God, which contradicted the practices of mainstream theologians.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Sufism emerged as a response to the perceived materialism and institutionalization of the Caliphate in early Islamic history.
Reason (R): Sufis sought to emphasize intense devotion and love for God, which contradicted the practices of mainstream theologians.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
 | Learning Educators answered |
- The Assertion is true as Sufism did indeed arise as a reaction against the materialistic tendencies of the Caliphate.
- The Reason is also true because Sufis emphasized devotion and love for God, which was often at odds with the more formalized practices of mainstream Islam.
- The Reason correctly explains the Assertion, as the spiritual focus of Sufism was a direct critique of the institutionalized practices of the time.
Assertion (A): The khanqah serves as a community hub for disciples under the guidance of a shaikh.Reason (R): The khanqah operates independently of any spiritual lineage or established rules of conduct.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): The khanqah serves as a community hub for disciples under the guidance of a shaikh.
Reason (R): The khanqah operates independently of any spiritual lineage or established rules of conduct.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
| | Pj Commerce Academy answered |
- The Assertion is true as khanqahs are indeed centers for community and spiritual guidance under a shaikh.
- The Reason is false because khanqahs are deeply rooted in spiritual traditions and practices, including established rules of conduct.
- Therefore, while both the Assertion and Reason are true, the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion. The khanqah's role as a community hub is influenced by its structure and traditions, which are not independent.
Akbar’s “auspicious sayings” were included in- a)First book of Ain.
- b)Second book of Ain.
- c)Third book of Ain.
- d)Fifth book of Ain.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Akbar’s “auspicious sayings” were included in
a)
First book of Ain.
b)
Second book of Ain.
c)
Third book of Ain.
d)
Fifth book of Ain.
 | Prerna Nair answered |
Akbar’s “auspicious sayings” were included in the fourth and fifth books of Ain. Along with the sayings of Akbar, they give an account of the ancestry and biography of the author.
Assertion (A): The Chola rulers significantly contributed to the construction of temples during the ninth to thirteenth centuries CE.Reason (R): The temples were primarily constructed to support the spread of Buddhism and Jainism in the region.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): The Chola rulers significantly contributed to the construction of temples during the ninth to thirteenth centuries CE.
Reason (R): The temples were primarily constructed to support the spread of Buddhism and Jainism in the region.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
 | EduRev Humanities answered |
- The Assertion is true: The Chola rulers indeed played a pivotal role in temple construction, especially for Hindu deities like Shiva and Vishnu.
- The Reason is false: The temples were primarily constructed to promote Brahmanical and bhakti traditions, not Buddhism and Jainism.
- Since the Assertion is true and the Reason is false, Option C is the correct answer.
In 1565 AD, the Vijayanagara army fought the battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi under- a)Krishnadeva Raya
- b)Rama Raya
- c)Harihara
- d)Bukka
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In 1565 AD, the Vijayanagara army fought the battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi under
a)
Krishnadeva Raya
b)
Rama Raya
c)
Harihara
d)
Bukka
| | Anagha Pillai answered |
The Vijayanagara army fought the battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi in 1565 AD, under the leadership of the chief minister of Vijayanagara, Rama Raya.
Shaikh Nizamuddin’s hospice comprised several small rooms and a big hall known as- a)jama’at khana.
- b)langar.
- c)qalandars.
- d)ziyarat.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Shaikh Nizamuddin’s hospice comprised several small rooms and a big hall known as
a)
jama’at khana.
b)
langar.
c)
qalandars.
d)
ziyarat.
| | Saptarshi Ghosh answered |
The khanqah was the centre of social life for the Sufis. Shaikh Nizamuddin’s hospice, during the fourteenth century, was located on the banks of the river Yamuna in Ghiyaspur, on the outskirts of what was then the city of Delhi.
The basic unit of agricultural society during the Mughal period was the- a)Village.
- b)Block.
- c)Suba.
- d)Pargana.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The basic unit of agricultural society during the Mughal period was the
a)
Village.
b)
Block.
c)
Suba.
d)
Pargana.
| | Akshita Saha answered |
The basic unit of agricultural society was the village. The village was inhabited by peasants who performed the manifold seasonal tasks that made up agricultural production throughout the year – tilling the soil, sowing seeds, harvesting the crop when it was ripe. They also produced agro-based goods like sugar and oil.
Krishnadeva Raya composed a work on statecraft known as the Amuktamalyada in- a)Kannada.
- b)Malayalam.
- c)Tamil.
- d)Telugu.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Krishnadeva Raya composed a work on statecraft known as the Amuktamalyada in
a)
Kannada.
b)
Malayalam.
c)
Tamil.
d)
Telugu.
| | Krish Sharma answered |
Krishnadeva Raya ruled the Vijayanagara Empire. His rule was characterised by expansion and consolidation. He died in 1529 CE.
The Portuguese traveller who jointly called the 'Audience Hall and Mahanavami Dibba' as the “House of Victory" was- a)Duarte Barbosa.
- b)Afanasii Nikitin.
- c)Fernao Nuniz.
- d)Domingo Paes.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The Portuguese traveller who jointly called the 'Audience Hall and Mahanavami Dibba' as the “House of Victory" was
a)
Duarte Barbosa.
b)
Afanasii Nikitin.
c)
Fernao Nuniz.
d)
Domingo Paes.
| | Bhupesh answered |
Domingo Paes was a Portuguese traveller who visited the Vijayanagara Empire around the year 1520. His account of Hampi, the capital of Vijayanagara Empire, is the most detailed and important of all historic narrations on the city and the Vijayanagara Empire. He visited the city during the rule of Krishnadeva Raya.
Hampi was recognised as a site of national importance in- a)1976.
- b)1969.
- c)1972.
- d)1966.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Hampi was recognised as a site of national importance in
a)
1976.
b)
1969.
c)
1972.
d)
1966.
| | Sparsh Malik answered |
Hampi and Pattadakal are the two most famous heritage towns of Karnataka. Hampi was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. Famous for its temple ruins, it was the capital of the renowned kingdom of Vijayanagara Empire, from the 14th to 16th centuries.
The first Jesuit mission left the Mughal court at Fatehpur Sikri around- a)1580 AD.
- b)1581 AD.
- c)1582 AD.
- d)1583 AD.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The first Jesuit mission left the Mughal court at Fatehpur Sikri around
a)
1580 AD.
b)
1581 AD.
c)
1582 AD.
d)
1583 AD.
 | Arnav Chakraborty answered |
The first Jesuit mission stayed at Fatehpur Sikri from 1580 AD, for about two years. The Jesuits spoke to Akbar about Christianity and debated its virtues with the ulama.
In 18th century, women zamindars were known in- a)Bengal.
- b)Rajasthan.
- c)Punjab.
- d)Gujarat.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In 18th century, women zamindars were known in
a)
Bengal.
b)
Rajasthan.
c)
Punjab.
d)
Gujarat.
 | Nisha Sengupta answered |
Among the landed gentry, women had the right to inherit property. Records show that they freely participated in land dealings that used to take place in the markets. In 18th century, one of the most famous zamindaris was of Rajshahis, and it was headed by a woman.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?i. During the period in North India, deities like Vishnu and Shiva were primarily worshipped in temples that were supported by rulers.ii. The arrival of the Turks and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate had no impact on the Rajput states.iii. Alternative religious leaders such as Naths, Jogis, and Siddhas gained prominence, often questioning Vedic authority and using the languages of ordinary people.iv. There was significant evidence of movements similar to the Alvars and Nayanars in North India well before the 14th century.- a)i and iii
- b)ii and iv
- c)i, iii, and iv
- d)i and ii
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
i. During the period in North India, deities like Vishnu and Shiva were primarily worshipped in temples that were supported by rulers.
ii. The arrival of the Turks and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate had no impact on the Rajput states.
iii. Alternative religious leaders such as Naths, Jogis, and Siddhas gained prominence, often questioning Vedic authority and using the languages of ordinary people.
iv. There was significant evidence of movements similar to the Alvars and Nayanars in North India well before the 14th century.
a)
i and iii
b)
ii and iv
c)
i, iii, and iv
d)
i and ii
| | EduRev Humanities answered |
- Statement i is correct because it accurately reflects the worship practices of the time, highlighting the role of rulers in temple patronage for deities like Vishnu and Shiva.
- Statement ii is incorrect; the arrival of the Turks and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate indeed weakened the Rajput states.
- Statement iii is correct, as it points out the emergence of alternative religious leaders who challenged Vedic norms using accessible language.
- Statement iv is incorrect; there is no evidence of movements similar to the Alvars and Nayanars in this period until the 14th century.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A: i and iii.
- a)A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
- b)A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
- c)A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
- d)A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
a)
A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
b)
A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
c)
A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
d)
A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
| | EduRev Humanities answered |
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Kabir (A) is known for his belief in the Ultimate Reality, which he described using diverse traditions, including Islamic and Vedantic concepts. Baba Guru Nanak (B) advocated Nirguna Bhakti, believing in a formless divine (1). Mirabai (C) is recognized for her devotion to Krishna as her lover (3). Basavanna (D) founded the Virashaiva movement (4).
Kabir (A) is known for his belief in the Ultimate Reality, which he described using diverse traditions, including Islamic and Vedantic concepts. Baba Guru Nanak (B) advocated Nirguna Bhakti, believing in a formless divine (1). Mirabai (C) is recognized for her devotion to Krishna as her lover (3). Basavanna (D) founded the Virashaiva movement (4).
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The Chola rulers supported both Brahmanical and Bhakti traditions, constructing temples for Vishnu and Shiva.
Statement II: Kabir exclusively drew on Islamic traditions to describe the Ultimate Reality.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)Both Statement I and Statement II are true
- b)Both Statement I and Statement II are false
- c)Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
- d)Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The Chola rulers supported both Brahmanical and Bhakti traditions, constructing temples for Vishnu and Shiva.
Statement II: Kabir exclusively drew on Islamic traditions to describe the Ultimate Reality.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Statement I: The Chola rulers supported both Brahmanical and Bhakti traditions, constructing temples for Vishnu and Shiva.
Statement II: Kabir exclusively drew on Islamic traditions to describe the Ultimate Reality.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
b)
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
c)
Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
d)
Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
| | EduRev Humanities answered |
Statement I is true because the Chola rulers supported Brahmanical and Bhakti traditions by constructing temples for deities like Vishnu and Shiva. Statement II is false because Kabir did not exclusively draw on Islamic traditions; he also incorporated ideas from Vedantic and Yogic traditions to describe the Ultimate Reality.
Assertion (A): Al-Biruni's works on Indian culture and philosophy were largely ignored in India until after 1500.Reason (R): Al-Biruni's travel accounts were primarily intended for audiences outside of India, which limited their readership within the region.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Al-Biruni's works on Indian culture and philosophy were largely ignored in India until after 1500.
Reason (R): Al-Biruni's travel accounts were primarily intended for audiences outside of India, which limited their readership within the region.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
| | Pj Commerce Academy answered |
- Assertion: The assertion is correct; Al-Biruni's contributions to the understanding of Indian culture did not gain significant traction within India until well after 1500.
- Reason: The reason is also true since Al-Biruni's writings were indeed aimed at a broader audience, which contributed to their limited impact in India during his lifetime.
- Explanation: The reason explains the assertion because the intended audience of Al-Biruni's works influenced their reception in India, supporting the assertion that they were largely overlooked until later.
Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?i. Basavanna founded the Virashaiva movement in the 12th century in Karnataka, advocating for the worship of the linga.ii. Lingayats are known for conducting cremation rituals for their deceased.iii. The Virashaiva movement opposed Brahmanical norms such as caste distinctions and promoted marriage practices like widow remarriage.iv. Vachanas, composed in Kannada, are the primary texts that convey the teachings of the Virashaiva tradition.- a)i and ii
- b)i, iii, and iv
- c)ii and iv
- d)i and iii
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?
i. Basavanna founded the Virashaiva movement in the 12th century in Karnataka, advocating for the worship of the linga.
ii. Lingayats are known for conducting cremation rituals for their deceased.
iii. The Virashaiva movement opposed Brahmanical norms such as caste distinctions and promoted marriage practices like widow remarriage.
iv. Vachanas, composed in Kannada, are the primary texts that convey the teachings of the Virashaiva tradition.
a)
i and ii
b)
i, iii, and iv
c)
ii and iv
d)
i and iii
| | Learning Educators answered |
- Statement i is correct as Basavanna did indeed found the Virashaiva movement in the 12th century and emphasized the worship of Shiva in the form of the linga.
- Statement ii is incorrect; Lingayats do not perform cremation rituals but instead ceremonially bury their dead.
- Statement iii is correct as the Virashaiva movement did challenge Brahmanical norms, including those related to caste and supported practices like widow remarriage.
- Statement iv is correct; vachanas are indeed the primary texts that articulate the beliefs and teachings of the Virashaiva tradition.
Thus, the correct statements are i, iii, and iv, making Option B the right choice.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?i. Arab merchants established trade links along the western coast of the Indian subcontinent from the early centuries CE, introducing Islam to the region.ii. The Delhi Sultanate was established in the 13th century by Turks and Afghans, but it did not respect the religious institutions of non-Muslim subjects.iii. Muslims in the subcontinent practiced the core tenets of Islam, including zakat and hajj, and incorporated local traditions into their practices.iv. Mosques in the subcontinent strictly adhered to universal Islamic architectural styles without any regional variations.- a)A: i and iii
- b)B: ii and iv
- c)C: i, iii, and iv
- d)D: i, ii, and iii
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
i. Arab merchants established trade links along the western coast of the Indian subcontinent from the early centuries CE, introducing Islam to the region.
ii. The Delhi Sultanate was established in the 13th century by Turks and Afghans, but it did not respect the religious institutions of non-Muslim subjects.
iii. Muslims in the subcontinent practiced the core tenets of Islam, including zakat and hajj, and incorporated local traditions into their practices.
iv. Mosques in the subcontinent strictly adhered to universal Islamic architectural styles without any regional variations.
a)
A: i and iii
b)
B: ii and iv
c)
C: i, iii, and iv
d)
D: i, ii, and iii
| | EduRev Humanities answered |
- Statement i is correct as it states that Arab merchants established trade links along the western coast of the Indian subcontinent from early centuries CE, which indeed facilitated the introduction of Islam to that region.
- Statement ii is incorrect because while the Delhi Sultanate was established by Turks and Afghans in the 13th century, Islamic rulers generally respected the religious institutions of non-Muslim subjects, as noted in the provided content.
- Statement iii is correct; Muslims in the subcontinent adhered to fundamental Islamic practices while also integrating local customs, creating a unique blend of religious and cultural practices.
- Statement iv is incorrect because mosques in the subcontinent do display regional variations in architectural styles, demonstrating a synthesis of universal Islamic elements with local traditions.
Thus, the correct statements are i and iii, making option A the correct answer.
Gulbadan Begum was the author of- a)Humayun Nama
- b)Shahjahan Nama
- c)Alamgir Nama
- d)Badshah Nama
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Gulbadan Begum was the author of
a)
Humayun Nama
b)
Shahjahan Nama
c)
Alamgir Nama
d)
Badshah Nama
| | Kunal Ghoshal answered |
Gulbadan Begum was a princess who knew both Persian and Turkish. She was the daughter of Emperor Zahir-ud-Din Babur. She is best known as the author of Humayun Nama, the acount of the life of her brother, Humayun.
The mahajans were collectively represented by the chief of the merchant community known as- a)maulvis.
- b)mullas.
- c)nagarsheths.
- d)sheshtis.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The mahajans were collectively represented by the chief of the merchant community known as
a)
maulvis.
b)
mullas.
c)
nagarsheths.
d)
sheshtis.
| | Shruti Joshi answered |
Merchants had strong communal or kin ties and were organised into their own caste-cum-occupational bodies. In western India, these groups were called mahajans and their chief, the nagarsheth.
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