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All questions of RCC & Prestressed Concrete for Civil Engineering (CE) Exam
For a simply supported beam of span 15m, the minimum effective depth to satisfy the vertical deflection limits should be- a)600 mm
- b)750 mm
- c)900 mm
- d)more than 1 m
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
For a simply supported beam of span 15m, the minimum effective depth to satisfy the vertical deflection limits should be
a)
600 mm
b)
750 mm
c)
900 mm
d)
more than 1 m
 | Sanya Agarwal answered |
For s.s slab span/effective depth=20
eff. Depth=span/20
=15000/20
=750mm
If the size of panel in a flat slab is 6m x 6m, then as per Indian Standard Code, the widths of column strip and middle strip are- a)3.0 m and 1.5 m
- b)1.5 m and 3.0 m
- c)3.0 m and 3.0 m
- d)1.5 m and 1.5 m
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
If the size of panel in a flat slab is 6m x 6m, then as per Indian Standard Code, the widths of column strip and middle strip are
a)
3.0 m and 1.5 m
b)
1.5 m and 3.0 m
c)
3.0 m and 3.0 m
d)
1.5 m and 1.5 m
 | Poulomi Patel answered |
Explanation:
Flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported by columns without any form of beam. The column strip is a strip of the slab that is adjacent to the column and the middle strip is the remaining area of the slab.
As per Indian Standard Code IS 456:2000, the width of the column strip and middle strip is determined by the following formula:
Column strip width = Effective length of panel / 5
Middle strip width = Effective length of panel / 10
For a panel size of 6m x 6m, the effective length of the panel is the same as the span of the slab, which is 6m.
Using the formula above, we can calculate the widths of the column strip and middle strip as follows:
Column strip width = 6m / 5 = 1.2m
Middle strip width = 6m / 10 = 0.6m
However, as per IS 456:2000, the minimum width of the column strip and middle strip should not be less than half the width of the panel. Therefore, the final widths of the column strip and middle strip are:
Column strip width = Maximum of (1.2m, 3m/2) = 3m
Middle strip width = Maximum of (0.6m, 3m/2) = 1.5m
Hence, option C (3.0m and 3.0m) is incorrect and the correct answer is option C (3.0m and 1.5m).
Flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported by columns without any form of beam. The column strip is a strip of the slab that is adjacent to the column and the middle strip is the remaining area of the slab.
As per Indian Standard Code IS 456:2000, the width of the column strip and middle strip is determined by the following formula:
Column strip width = Effective length of panel / 5
Middle strip width = Effective length of panel / 10
For a panel size of 6m x 6m, the effective length of the panel is the same as the span of the slab, which is 6m.
Using the formula above, we can calculate the widths of the column strip and middle strip as follows:
Column strip width = 6m / 5 = 1.2m
Middle strip width = 6m / 10 = 0.6m
However, as per IS 456:2000, the minimum width of the column strip and middle strip should not be less than half the width of the panel. Therefore, the final widths of the column strip and middle strip are:
Column strip width = Maximum of (1.2m, 3m/2) = 3m
Middle strip width = Maximum of (0.6m, 3m/2) = 1.5m
Hence, option C (3.0m and 3.0m) is incorrect and the correct answer is option C (3.0m and 1.5m).
Minimum clear cover (in mm) to the main steel bars in slab, beam, column and footing respectively are?a)10, 15, 20, 25b)15, 25, 40, 50c) 20, 25, 30, 40d)20, 35, 40, 75Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
 | Rutuja Pillai answered |
Option (b) is correct:
In IS : 456 – 1978‚ the clear covers are specified as :
(i) For longitudinal reinforcement bar in a column, not less than 40 mm‚ or less than the diameter of such bar.
(ii) For longitudinal reinforcing bar in a beam, not less than 25mm, or less than the diameter of such bar.
(iii) For tensile, compressive, shear or other reinforcement in a slab, not less than 15 mm, or less than the diameter of such bar.
(iv) in other cases the clear cover to the reinforcement bars shall not be less than 40 min of diameter of such bar whichever is more. The clear cover should not exceed 75 mm in any case. According to IS 456 : 2000 nominal cover shall not be less than the diameter of bar. The nominal cover is specified to meet durability requirement in Table 16 on page 47 of the IS Code. To meet specified period of fire resistance the clear covers are given in Table 16A on page 47. For longitudinal reinforcing bars the nominal cover shall not be less than 40 mm. For footings minimum cover shall be 50 mm.
As per the provisions of IS : 456–2000, in the limit state method for design of beams, the limiting value of the depth of neutral axis in a reinforced concrete beam of effective depth 'd' is given as- a)0.53 d
- b)0.48
- c)0.46 d
- d)any of the above depending on the different grades of steel
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
As per the provisions of IS : 456–2000, in the limit state method for design of beams, the limiting value of the depth of neutral axis in a reinforced concrete beam of effective depth 'd' is given as
a)
0.53 d
b)
0.48
c)
0.46 d
d)
any of the above depending on the different grades of steel
 | Zoya Sharma answered |
Limiting value of depth of neutral axis depends on grade of concrete.
The minimum reinforced using mild steel in slab should not be less than.- a)0.10%
- b)0.12%
- c)0.15%
- d)12 cm
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The minimum reinforced using mild steel in slab should not be less than.
a)
0.10%
b)
0.12%
c)
0.15%
d)
12 cm
 | Aditya Deshmukh answered |
As per IS 456, the minimum reinforcement in either direction of slabs shall not be less than 0.15 percent of total cross-sectional area in case of mild steel and 0.12 percent of total cross section in case of high strength deformed bars.
In RCC beams, as the percentage area of tensile steel increase- a)depth of neutral axis increase
- b)depth of neutral axis decrease
- c)depth of neutral axis does not change
- d)lever arm increase
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In RCC beams, as the percentage area of tensile steel increase
a)
depth of neutral axis increase
b)
depth of neutral axis decrease
c)
depth of neutral axis does not change
d)
lever arm increase
 | Shivam Sharma answered |
As the percentage area of steel increases, the depth of neutral axis will increases.
In a balanced section, increase in area of steel will result in higher tensile stress carrying capacity. To counteract or generate equivalent compressive stress/force, neutral axis has to come down.
A rectangular beam of 500mm × 800mm with an effective cover of 40 mm is subjected to a factored shear force 30 KN, a bending moment of 100 KN - m and a torsional moment of 15 KN - m. The design bending moment in KN - m for the beam will be ________(Use shear resistance of the cross-section τc is 0.48 MPa)- a)100
- b)123
- c)77
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A rectangular beam of 500mm × 800mm with an effective cover of 40 mm is subjected to a factored shear force 30 KN, a bending moment of 100 KN - m and a torsional moment of 15 KN - m. The design bending moment in KN - m for the beam will be ________
(Use shear resistance of the cross-section τc is 0.48 MPa)
a)
100
b)
123
c)
77
d)
None
 | Ritika Menon answered |
= 0.205 N/mm2 < τc
So the design bending moment will be, Mu = 100 KN - m.
A rectangular beam of width b = 250 mm, effective depth d = 350 mm is reinforced in tension with mild steel of grade Fe250, Ast = 1800 mm2. The grade of concrete used is M30. The ultimate moment of resistance of the beam is ________- a)113 kN-m
- b)137 kN-m
- c)320 kN-m
- d)432 kN-m
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A rectangular beam of width b = 250 mm, effective depth d = 350 mm is reinforced in tension with mild steel of grade Fe250, Ast = 1800 mm2. The grade of concrete used is M30. The ultimate moment of resistance of the beam is ________
a)
113 kN-m
b)
137 kN-m
c)
320 kN-m
d)
432 kN-m
| | Sahana Dey answered |
Xu,max = 0.53 d= 0.53 × 350 = 185.5 mm
Calculating actual neutral axis of the beam
0.36 fck b Xu = 0.87 fy Ast
= 145 mm < xu,max
∴ Under reinforced section.
∴ Moment of resistance,
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast (d – 0.42 xu)
= 0.87 × 250 × 1800 (350 – 0.42 × 145)
= 113.182 × 106 N – mm
= 113.182 kN-m
In the limit state method, balanced design of a reinforced concrete beam gives- a)smallest concrete section and maximum area of reinforcement
- b)largest concrete section and maximum area of reinforcement
- c)smallest concrete section and minimum area of reinforcement
- d)largest concrete section and minimum area of reinforcement
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the limit state method, balanced design of a reinforced concrete beam gives
a)
smallest concrete section and maximum area of reinforcement
b)
largest concrete section and maximum area of reinforcement
c)
smallest concrete section and minimum area of reinforcement
d)
largest concrete section and minimum area of reinforcement
 | Lavanya Menon answered |
Balanced Design means both concrete and steel will fail at the same time. Thus, it gives optimum smallest concrete section for a given reinforcement and maximum reinforcement for a given concrete section.
A reinforced concrete beam of 10 mEffective span and 1 m effective depth is supported on 500 mm x 500 mm columns. If the total uniformly distributed load on the beam is 10 MN/m, the design shear force for the beam is- a)50 MN
- b)47.5 MN
- c)37.5 MN
- d)43 MN
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A reinforced concrete beam of 10 mEffective span and 1 m effective depth is supported on 500 mm x 500 mm columns. If the total uniformly distributed load on the beam is 10 MN/m, the design shear force for the beam is
a)
50 MN
b)
47.5 MN
c)
37.5 MN
d)
43 MN
| | Arka Choudhary answered |
The shear force should be calculated at critical section i.e. 1 m away from the face of the column. Effective span of beam is to be taken as the clear span plus effective depth of beam or centre to centre spacing of supports which ever is less. The location for shear calculation will be,
In case of simply supported beam , the clear distance between lateral restraints shall not exceed- a)
- b)
- c)
- d)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In case of simply supported beam , the clear distance between lateral restraints shall not exceed
a)
b)
c)
d)
| | Lavanya Menon answered |
As per IS 456:2000 for lateral stability, the clear span of
Simply supported beam should be less than 60b or 250(b2)/d
Cantilever Beam should be less than 25b or 100(b2)/d
Simply supported beam should be less than 60b or 250(b2)/d
Cantilever Beam should be less than 25b or 100(b2)/d
Half of the main steel in a simply supported slab is bent up near the support at a distance of x from the centre of slab bearing where x is equal to- a)1/3
- b)1/5
- c)1/7
- d)1/10
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Half of the main steel in a simply supported slab is bent up near the support at a distance of x from the centre of slab bearing where x is equal to
a)
1/3
b)
1/5
c)
1/7
d)
1/10
 | Anand Kumar answered |
Given:
Half of the main steel is bent up near the support at a distance of x from the centre of slab bearing.
To find:
Value of x.
Solution:
Let's assume the total width of the slab be 2L, and the distance of x from the centre of the slab be 'a'.
- The reinforcement steel near the support is bent up to resist the negative bending moment.
- At the centre of the slab, there is no bending moment, so there is no need to provide any reinforcement.
- As we move towards the support, the bending moment increases, so we need to provide more reinforcement.
- Therefore, the reinforcement steel is bent up at a distance of a from the centre of the slab bearing.
Now, we can use the formula for the moment of inertia of a rectangular section to find the value of x.
Moment of inertia of a rectangular section:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12
where,
b = width of the slab
h = depth of the slab
- The maximum bending moment occurs at the support, which is equal to wL^2/8.
- Since half of the main steel is bent up, the remaining half resists the bending moment.
- Therefore, the effective depth of the slab is h/2.
- We can assume that the reinforcement steel is placed at a distance of a from the centre of the slab bearing, and the remaining distance is (L-a).
- The moment of inertia of the slab can be calculated as follows:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12 + (0.5 * Ast * (a - h/2)^2) + (0.5 * Ast * (L - a - h/2)^2)
where,
Ast = area of steel reinforcement
- Equating the bending moment to the moment of resistance, we get:
wL^2/8 = (f_y / y) * Ast * (d - a/2)
where,
f_y = yield strength of reinforcement steel
y = distance from the extreme compression fibre to the centroid of the reinforcement steel
d = effective depth of the slab
- Substituting for 'd' and 'y', we get:
wL^2/8 = (f_y / (h/2 + a/2)) * Ast * (h/2 - a/2)
- Simplifying the equation, we get:
Ast = (wL^2 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (8f_y * (h/2 - a/2))
- Substituting the value of Ast in the equation for Ixx, we get:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12 + (0.5 * (wL^2 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (8f_y * (h/2 - a/2))) * (a - h/2)^2 + (0.5 * (wL^2 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (8f_y * (h/2 - a/2))) * (L - a - h/2)^2
- Simplifying the equation, we get:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12 + (wL^4 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (128f_y * (h/
Half of the main steel is bent up near the support at a distance of x from the centre of slab bearing.
To find:
Value of x.
Solution:
Let's assume the total width of the slab be 2L, and the distance of x from the centre of the slab be 'a'.
- The reinforcement steel near the support is bent up to resist the negative bending moment.
- At the centre of the slab, there is no bending moment, so there is no need to provide any reinforcement.
- As we move towards the support, the bending moment increases, so we need to provide more reinforcement.
- Therefore, the reinforcement steel is bent up at a distance of a from the centre of the slab bearing.
Now, we can use the formula for the moment of inertia of a rectangular section to find the value of x.
Moment of inertia of a rectangular section:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12
where,
b = width of the slab
h = depth of the slab
- The maximum bending moment occurs at the support, which is equal to wL^2/8.
- Since half of the main steel is bent up, the remaining half resists the bending moment.
- Therefore, the effective depth of the slab is h/2.
- We can assume that the reinforcement steel is placed at a distance of a from the centre of the slab bearing, and the remaining distance is (L-a).
- The moment of inertia of the slab can be calculated as follows:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12 + (0.5 * Ast * (a - h/2)^2) + (0.5 * Ast * (L - a - h/2)^2)
where,
Ast = area of steel reinforcement
- Equating the bending moment to the moment of resistance, we get:
wL^2/8 = (f_y / y) * Ast * (d - a/2)
where,
f_y = yield strength of reinforcement steel
y = distance from the extreme compression fibre to the centroid of the reinforcement steel
d = effective depth of the slab
- Substituting for 'd' and 'y', we get:
wL^2/8 = (f_y / (h/2 + a/2)) * Ast * (h/2 - a/2)
- Simplifying the equation, we get:
Ast = (wL^2 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (8f_y * (h/2 - a/2))
- Substituting the value of Ast in the equation for Ixx, we get:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12 + (0.5 * (wL^2 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (8f_y * (h/2 - a/2))) * (a - h/2)^2 + (0.5 * (wL^2 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (8f_y * (h/2 - a/2))) * (L - a - h/2)^2
- Simplifying the equation, we get:
Ixx = (b * h^3) / 12 + (wL^4 * (h/2 + a/2)) / (128f_y * (h/
An axially loaded column is of 400 mm × 500 mm size. The effective length of the column is 4 m. What is the minimum eccentricity of the axial load for the column along shorter and longer side respectively?- a)21.33 mm and 24.67 mm
- b)20 mm and 24.67 mm
- c)21.33 mm and 20 mm
- d)20 mm and 20 mm
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
An axially loaded column is of 400 mm × 500 mm size. The effective length of the column is 4 m. What is the minimum eccentricity of the axial load for the column along shorter and longer side respectively?
a)
21.33 mm and 24.67 mm
b)
20 mm and 24.67 mm
c)
21.33 mm and 20 mm
d)
20 mm and 20 mm
| | Shail Rane answered |
As per IS 456:2000, minimum eccentricity equals to unsupported length of column/500 plus lateral dimension/30, subject to minimum of 20 mm.
In this case: 
along shorter side
along shorter sideAnd 
mm along longer side.
mm along longer side.Flexural collapse in over-reinforced beam is due toa)Compression failureb)Tension failurec)Yielding of steeld)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
 | Neha Choudhury answered |
RCC beams have two stages of faliure (the beam is considered to be failed at first stage itself).
The primary faliure (occurs first) in an over reinforced beam is compression faliure, as the crushing of concrete occurs before yielding of thae tension reinforcement.In an under reinforced beam the secondary faliure is compression faliure as crushing of concrete occurs after yielding of tension steel.The collapse of an reinforced beam occurs at the secondary stage. For an over reinforced beam second faliure is tension faliure (yielding of tension reinforcement when the stress in it reaches yield stress on further loading after the primary faliure,crushing of concrete).
If after 28 days of the casting of RC beam, the creep strain is 60% more than that of Elastic strain Percentage decrease in modulus of elasticity according to IS 456 : 2000 is- a)160%
- b)58%
- c)60%
- d)61.5%
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
If after 28 days of the casting of RC beam, the creep strain is 60% more than that of Elastic strain Percentage decrease in modulus of elasticity according to IS 456 : 2000 is
a)
160%
b)
58%
c)
60%
d)
61.5%
| | Navya Saha answered |
Modulus of Elasticity concrete
θ = 1.6
% decrease = 61.5%
θ = 1.6
% decrease = 61.5%
The main reason for providing number of reinforcing bars at a support in a simply supported beam is to resist in that zone- a)compressive stress
- b)shear stress
- c)bond stress
- d)tensile stress
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The main reason for providing number of reinforcing bars at a support in a simply supported beam is to resist in that zone
a)
compressive stress
b)
shear stress
c)
bond stress
d)
tensile stress
| | Simran Mukherjee answered |
Reinforcing bars are provided at the support to develop adequate bond between concrete and steel, so that adequate bond stress is developed between them within development length.
Which one of the following Mineral is required for muscle contraction ?- a)Calcium
- b)Iron
- c)Sodium
- d)Zinc
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
a)
Calcium
b)
Iron
c)
Sodium
d)
Zinc
| | Saranya Basak answered |
Calcium is required for muscle contraction
Muscle contraction is a complex process that requires the involvement of various minerals and nutrients. Among these, calcium plays a crucial role in the contraction of muscles.
Importance of Calcium in Muscle Contraction:
- Calcium ions bind to the protein complex troponin, which then exposes active sites on the thin filament of the muscle fiber.
- This allows the myosin heads to bind to the exposed active sites on the actin filament, leading to the formation of cross-bridges.
- The power stroke then occurs, causing the myosin heads to pull the actin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere, resulting in muscle contraction.
- Calcium also plays a role in the relaxation of muscles by detaching the myosin heads from the actin filaments.
Deficiency of Calcium:
- A deficiency in calcium can lead to impaired muscle function, as the lack of calcium ions hinders the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments.
- This can result in muscle weakness, cramps, and even tetany, which is a state of sustained muscle contraction.
Sources of Calcium:
- Calcium can be obtained from various food sources such as dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), leafy green vegetables, nuts, and fortified foods.
- In cases where dietary intake is insufficient, calcium supplements may be recommended to ensure adequate levels for muscle function.
In conclusion, calcium is an essential mineral required for muscle contraction. Ensuring an adequate intake of calcium through diet or supplementation is important for maintaining optimal muscle function and overall health.
In the reinforced concrete slab, the spacing between main reinforcement should nto exceed- a)Three times its effective depth
- b)Four times its effective depth
- c)Five times its effective depth
- d)Six times its effective depth
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the reinforced concrete slab, the spacing between main reinforcement should nto exceed
a)
Three times its effective depth
b)
Four times its effective depth
c)
Five times its effective depth
d)
Six times its effective depth
 | Swara Dasgupta answered |
The maximum diameter of bar used in slab should not exceed 1/8 of the total thickness of slab. Maximum spacing of main bar is restricted to 3 times effective depth or 300 mm whichever is less. For distribution bars the maximum spacing is specified as 5 times the effective depth or 450 mm whichever is less.
Permissible shear stress in concrete is a function of- a)Grade of concrete
- b)Grade of steel
- c)Percentage of steel reinforcement
- d)Percentage of steel reinforcement grade of concrete
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Permissible shear stress in concrete is a function of
a)
Grade of concrete
b)
Grade of steel
c)
Percentage of steel reinforcement
d)
Percentage of steel reinforcement grade of concrete
 | Mrinalini Sen answered |
Whenever the value of actual shear stress exceeds the permissible shear stress of the concrete used, the shear reinforcement must be provided. The purpose of shear reinforcement is to prevent failure in shear, and to increase beam ductility and subsequently the likelihood of sudden failure will be reduced.
For footing minimum cover should be- a)25 mm
- b)35 mm
- c)50 mm
- d)60 mm
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
For footing minimum cover should be
a)
25 mm
b)
35 mm
c)
50 mm
d)
60 mm
| | Rithika Kaur answered |
Understanding Minimum Cover in Footings
The minimum cover for reinforcement in footings is a critical consideration in civil engineering. It ensures the durability and structural integrity of the concrete structure.
Why is Minimum Cover Important?
- Protection Against Corrosion: Adequate cover protects the reinforcing steel from environmental effects, such as moisture and chemicals, which can lead to corrosion.
- Fire Resistance: Sufficient cover enhances the fire resistance of the structure, as it provides a barrier to heat, preventing the steel from reaching critical temperatures.
- Structural Integrity: Proper cover helps in distributing loads effectively and maintaining the overall stability of the footing.
Recommended Minimum Cover for Footings
- The commonly accepted minimum cover for footings is 50 mm. This is essential for various reasons:
- Standards Compliance: Building codes and standards, such as those from the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and other regulatory bodies, often specify this minimum to ensure safety and performance.
- Concrete Protection: A cover of 50 mm ensures that the concrete adequately encases the reinforcement, providing sufficient shielding from external elements.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question regarding the minimum cover for footings is option 'C' (50 mm). Adhering to this requirement is essential for ensuring the longevity and safety of concrete structures.
The minimum cover for reinforcement in footings is a critical consideration in civil engineering. It ensures the durability and structural integrity of the concrete structure.
Why is Minimum Cover Important?
- Protection Against Corrosion: Adequate cover protects the reinforcing steel from environmental effects, such as moisture and chemicals, which can lead to corrosion.
- Fire Resistance: Sufficient cover enhances the fire resistance of the structure, as it provides a barrier to heat, preventing the steel from reaching critical temperatures.
- Structural Integrity: Proper cover helps in distributing loads effectively and maintaining the overall stability of the footing.
Recommended Minimum Cover for Footings
- The commonly accepted minimum cover for footings is 50 mm. This is essential for various reasons:
- Standards Compliance: Building codes and standards, such as those from the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and other regulatory bodies, often specify this minimum to ensure safety and performance.
- Concrete Protection: A cover of 50 mm ensures that the concrete adequately encases the reinforcement, providing sufficient shielding from external elements.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question regarding the minimum cover for footings is option 'C' (50 mm). Adhering to this requirement is essential for ensuring the longevity and safety of concrete structures.
When shear reinforcement is not provided in flat slab, the calculated shear stress at the critical section shall not exceed Ks ζc, where Ks is Where βc is ratio of short side to long side of column capital.- a)(1 + βc)
- b)(0 .6 + βc)
- c)(0.5 + βc)
- d)(1.5 + βc)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
When shear reinforcement is not provided in flat slab, the calculated shear stress at the critical section shall not exceed Ks ζc, where Ks is
Where βc is ratio of short side to long side of column capital.
a)
(1 + βc)
b)
(0 .6 + βc)
c)
(0.5 + βc)
d)
(1.5 + βc)
| | Anjana Mukherjee answered |
The ratio of the maximum and minimum percentage.of longitudinal reinforcement that can be provided in a column is- a)6
- b)7.5
- c)5
- d)8
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The ratio of the maximum and minimum percentage.of longitudinal reinforcement that can be provided in a column is
a)
6
b)
7.5
c)
5
d)
8
| | Asha Menon answered |
Maximum reinforcement = 6%
Minimum reinforcement = 0.8%
Minimum reinforcement = 0.8%
A floor slab of thickness t is cast monolithically transverse to a rectangular continuous beam of span L and width B. If the distance between two consecutive points of contra flexure is, L0, the effective width of compression flange at continuous support is- a)B
- b)L/3
- c)B + 12 t
- d)bw + 6df + L0/6
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
A floor slab of thickness t is cast monolithically transverse to a rectangular continuous beam of span L and width B. If the distance between two consecutive points of contra flexure is, L0, the effective width of compression flange at continuous support is
a)
B
b)
L/3
c)
B + 12 t
d)
bw + 6df + L0/6
| | Rounak Banerjee answered |
**Given:**
- Thickness of floor slab, t
- Span of rectangular continuous beam, L
- Width of rectangular continuous beam, B
- Distance between two consecutive points of contraflexure, L0
**To find:**
The effective width of compression flange at continuous support
**Solution:**
The effective width of the compression flange at continuous support can be determined using the concept of the plastic moment capacity of the beam. The plastic moment capacity of a beam is given by the product of the plastic section modulus and the yield strength of the material.
The plastic section modulus of a rectangular beam can be calculated as:
Z = (B x t^2) / 6
The plastic moment capacity of the beam is given by:
Mp = Z x Fy
where Fy is the yield strength of the material.
To calculate the effective width of the compression flange at continuous support, we need to find the distance between two consecutive points of contraflexure, L0.
The distance between two consecutive points of contraflexure, L0, is given by:
L0 = (bw^2) / (6 x df)
where bw is the effective width of the compression flange and df is the depth of the beam.
Rearranging the equation, we get:
bw = (6 x df x L0) / bw^2
Substituting the values of L0, df, and bw, we get:
bw = (6 x t x L) / (6 x t) = L
Therefore, the effective width of the compression flange at continuous support is L, which is given by option D.
- Thickness of floor slab, t
- Span of rectangular continuous beam, L
- Width of rectangular continuous beam, B
- Distance between two consecutive points of contraflexure, L0
**To find:**
The effective width of compression flange at continuous support
**Solution:**
The effective width of the compression flange at continuous support can be determined using the concept of the plastic moment capacity of the beam. The plastic moment capacity of a beam is given by the product of the plastic section modulus and the yield strength of the material.
The plastic section modulus of a rectangular beam can be calculated as:
Z = (B x t^2) / 6
The plastic moment capacity of the beam is given by:
Mp = Z x Fy
where Fy is the yield strength of the material.
To calculate the effective width of the compression flange at continuous support, we need to find the distance between two consecutive points of contraflexure, L0.
The distance between two consecutive points of contraflexure, L0, is given by:
L0 = (bw^2) / (6 x df)
where bw is the effective width of the compression flange and df is the depth of the beam.
Rearranging the equation, we get:
bw = (6 x df x L0) / bw^2
Substituting the values of L0, df, and bw, we get:
bw = (6 x t x L) / (6 x t) = L
Therefore, the effective width of the compression flange at continuous support is L, which is given by option D.
A strap footing is a special type of- a)Strip footing
- b)Combined footing
- c)Raft footing
- d)Spread footing
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
A strap footing is a special type of
a)
Strip footing
b)
Combined footing
c)
Raft footing
d)
Spread footing
| | Mehul Choudhury answered |
A strap footing consists of a spread footings of two columns connected by a strap beam. This type of footing is useful when the external column is very near to the property line so that its footing cannot be spread beyond the property line.
If the nominal shear stress (ζv) at a section does not exceed the permissible shear stress (τc)- a)minimum shear reinforcement is still provided
- b)shear reinforcement is provided to resist the nominal shear stress
- c)no shear reinforcement is provided
- d)shear reinforcement is provided for the difference of the two
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
If the nominal shear stress (ζv) at a section does not exceed the permissible shear stress (τc)
a)
minimum shear reinforcement is still provided
b)
shear reinforcement is provided to resist the nominal shear stress
c)
no shear reinforcement is provided
d)
shear reinforcement is provided for the difference of the two
| | Anshul Chakraborty answered |
Τ) on a material is given in pounds per square inch (psi) and the material's thickness (t) is given in inches, then the formula to calculate the shear force (F) required to shear the material is:
F = τ * A
where A is the area of the material being sheared, given by:
A = t * w
where w is the width of the material. Therefore, the general formula for calculating the shear force required to shear a rectangular material is:
F = τ * t * w
For example, if a material has a nominal shear stress of 10,000 psi and a thickness of 0.5 inches, and the width of the material is 2 inches, then the shear force required to shear the material would be:
F = 10,000 psi * 0.5 in * 2 in
F = 5,000 pounds
Therefore, a force of 5,000 pounds would be required to shear this material under these conditions.
F = τ * A
where A is the area of the material being sheared, given by:
A = t * w
where w is the width of the material. Therefore, the general formula for calculating the shear force required to shear a rectangular material is:
F = τ * t * w
For example, if a material has a nominal shear stress of 10,000 psi and a thickness of 0.5 inches, and the width of the material is 2 inches, then the shear force required to shear the material would be:
F = 10,000 psi * 0.5 in * 2 in
F = 5,000 pounds
Therefore, a force of 5,000 pounds would be required to shear this material under these conditions.
Consider the following statements:
1. Development length includes anchorage value of hooks in tension reinforcement.
2. The development length of each bar of bundled bars shall be that for the individual bar, increased by, 33% for three bars in contact.
3. Deformed bars may be used without end anchorage provided development length requirement is satisfied.
Which of these statements is/are correct?- a)Only 2
- b)Both 1 and 3
- c)Both 1 and 2
- d)1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. Development length includes anchorage value of hooks in tension reinforcement.
2. The development length of each bar of bundled bars shall be that for the individual bar, increased by, 33% for three bars in contact.
3. Deformed bars may be used without end anchorage provided development length requirement is satisfied.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
1. Development length includes anchorage value of hooks in tension reinforcement.
2. The development length of each bar of bundled bars shall be that for the individual bar, increased by, 33% for three bars in contact.
3. Deformed bars may be used without end anchorage provided development length requirement is satisfied.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
Only 2
b)
Both 1 and 3
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
1,2 and 3
| | Rajat Sen answered |
In case of bundled bars in contact the development length is increased than that for individual bar by,
1. 10 % for two bars in contact
2. 20% for three bars in contact
3. 33% for four bars in content
1. 10 % for two bars in contact
2. 20% for three bars in contact
3. 33% for four bars in content
The load carrying capacity of helically reinforced column as compared to that, of a tied column is about- a)5% less
- b)10% less
- c)5% more
- d)10% more
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The load carrying capacity of helically reinforced column as compared to that, of a tied column is about
a)
5% less
b)
10% less
c)
5% more
d)
10% more
| | Lekshmi Rane answered |
Load carrying capacity of helically reinforced column as compared to a tied column:
Introduction:
The load carrying capacity of a column is directly related to its strength and stiffness. Columns can be reinforced in various ways to increase their strength and stiffness. Helical reinforcement is one such method that is used to increase the load carrying capacity of columns.
Helical reinforcement in columns:
Helical reinforcement involves wrapping a helical reinforcement around the column. This reinforcement is made up of a continuous steel bar that is bent into a helix shape. The helix is then wrapped around the column at a certain pitch. The pitch of the helix determines the spacing of the reinforcement.
Tied columns:
A tied column is a type of column that is reinforced with vertical ties. These ties are made up of steel bars that are placed at regular intervals along the length of the column. The ties are tied together at the top and bottom of the column to form a cage-like structure.
Load carrying capacity:
The load carrying capacity of a column depends on its strength and stiffness. Helical reinforcement increases the strength and stiffness of a column by providing a continuous reinforcement around the column. This reinforcement helps to distribute the load evenly across the column and prevent it from buckling.
The load carrying capacity of a helically reinforced column is about 5% more than that of a tied column. This is because helical reinforcement provides a continuous reinforcement around the column, which increases its strength and stiffness. Tied columns, on the other hand, have discrete reinforcement in the form of ties, which may not distribute the load evenly across the column.
Conclusion:
Helical reinforcement is an effective method of increasing the load carrying capacity of columns. It provides a continuous reinforcement around the column, which increases its strength and stiffness. The load carrying capacity of a helically reinforced column is about 5% more than that of a tied column.
Introduction:
The load carrying capacity of a column is directly related to its strength and stiffness. Columns can be reinforced in various ways to increase their strength and stiffness. Helical reinforcement is one such method that is used to increase the load carrying capacity of columns.
Helical reinforcement in columns:
Helical reinforcement involves wrapping a helical reinforcement around the column. This reinforcement is made up of a continuous steel bar that is bent into a helix shape. The helix is then wrapped around the column at a certain pitch. The pitch of the helix determines the spacing of the reinforcement.
Tied columns:
A tied column is a type of column that is reinforced with vertical ties. These ties are made up of steel bars that are placed at regular intervals along the length of the column. The ties are tied together at the top and bottom of the column to form a cage-like structure.
Load carrying capacity:
The load carrying capacity of a column depends on its strength and stiffness. Helical reinforcement increases the strength and stiffness of a column by providing a continuous reinforcement around the column. This reinforcement helps to distribute the load evenly across the column and prevent it from buckling.
The load carrying capacity of a helically reinforced column is about 5% more than that of a tied column. This is because helical reinforcement provides a continuous reinforcement around the column, which increases its strength and stiffness. Tied columns, on the other hand, have discrete reinforcement in the form of ties, which may not distribute the load evenly across the column.
Conclusion:
Helical reinforcement is an effective method of increasing the load carrying capacity of columns. It provides a continuous reinforcement around the column, which increases its strength and stiffness. The load carrying capacity of a helically reinforced column is about 5% more than that of a tied column.
What should be the minimum grade of reinforced concrete in and around sea coast construction?- a)M 35
- b)M 30
- c)M 25
- d)M 20
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What should be the minimum grade of reinforced concrete in and around sea coast construction?
a)
M 35
b)
M 30
c)
M 25
d)
M 20
| | Madhurima Banerjee answered |
Minimum Grade of Reinforced Concrete for Sea Coast Construction
Reinforced concrete is commonly used in sea coast construction due to its durability, strength, and resistance to corrosion. However, the concrete used in such construction should be of a high grade to withstand the harsh marine environment. The minimum grade of reinforced concrete for sea coast construction is M30.
Explanation:
M30 grade concrete has a compressive strength of 30 N/mm2 after 28 days of curing. This grade is suitable for moderate exposure conditions, including marine environments with low to moderate chloride content. The use of M30 grade concrete ensures that the structure can withstand the effects of sea water, such as corrosion, erosion, and salt attack.
Factors Affecting the Grade of Reinforced Concrete:
The choice of the correct grade of reinforced concrete for sea coast construction depends on several factors such as:
1. Exposure Conditions: The level of exposure to marine environment determines the minimum grade of reinforced concrete required.
2. Design Requirements: The structural requirements and design loadings also influence the grade of concrete used.
3. Durability Requirements: The durability requirements of the structure influence the choice of concrete grade.
4. Construction Method: The construction method, including formwork, curing, and placement, can affect the concrete strength.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the minimum grade of reinforced concrete for sea coast construction is M30, which provides sufficient strength and durability to withstand the harsh marine environment. However, the grade of concrete used should be selected based on the specific requirements of the project, including exposure conditions, design requirements, durability requirements, and construction method.
Reinforced concrete is commonly used in sea coast construction due to its durability, strength, and resistance to corrosion. However, the concrete used in such construction should be of a high grade to withstand the harsh marine environment. The minimum grade of reinforced concrete for sea coast construction is M30.
Explanation:
M30 grade concrete has a compressive strength of 30 N/mm2 after 28 days of curing. This grade is suitable for moderate exposure conditions, including marine environments with low to moderate chloride content. The use of M30 grade concrete ensures that the structure can withstand the effects of sea water, such as corrosion, erosion, and salt attack.
Factors Affecting the Grade of Reinforced Concrete:
The choice of the correct grade of reinforced concrete for sea coast construction depends on several factors such as:
1. Exposure Conditions: The level of exposure to marine environment determines the minimum grade of reinforced concrete required.
2. Design Requirements: The structural requirements and design loadings also influence the grade of concrete used.
3. Durability Requirements: The durability requirements of the structure influence the choice of concrete grade.
4. Construction Method: The construction method, including formwork, curing, and placement, can affect the concrete strength.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the minimum grade of reinforced concrete for sea coast construction is M30, which provides sufficient strength and durability to withstand the harsh marine environment. However, the grade of concrete used should be selected based on the specific requirements of the project, including exposure conditions, design requirements, durability requirements, and construction method.
What is the minimum nominal percentage longitudinal reinforcement to be provided in a concrete pedestal as per relevant IS code?- a)0.4
- b)0.2
- c)0.15
- d)0.1
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the minimum nominal percentage longitudinal reinforcement to be provided in a concrete pedestal as per relevant IS code?
a)
0.4
b)
0.2
c)
0.15
d)
0.1
| | Avinash Mehta answered |
The minimum nominal percentage longitudinal reinforcement to be provided in a concrete pedestal as per relevant IS code (IS 456-2000) is 0.15%. This means that at least 0.15% of the cross-sectional area of the pedestal should be made up of longitudinal reinforcement, such as steel bars or welded wire fabric. This minimum requirement is in place to ensure that the pedestal has adequate strength and ductility to resist the forces to which it will be subjected.
It is important to mention that this answer should be considered as general and it might change depending on the specific code or standard of the country and the type of structure that the pedestal is going to be part of, it is always important to check the specific code that applies to the project.
The reduction coefficient of a reinforced concrete column with an effective length of 4.8 m and size 250 mm × 300 mm is- a)0.80
- b)0.85
- c)0.90
- d)0.95
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The reduction coefficient of a reinforced concrete column with an effective length of 4.8 m and size 250 mm × 300 mm is
a)
0.80
b)
0.85
c)
0.90
d)
0.95
| | Gitanjali Menon answered |
It is not possible to determine the reduction coefficient of a reinforced concrete column with just the given information of effective length and size. The reduction coefficient depends on several other factors such as the type of reinforcement used, the concrete strength, and the loading conditions.
The maximum percentage of moment redistribution allowed in RCC beams is- a)10%
- b)20%
- c)30%
- d)40%
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The maximum percentage of moment redistribution allowed in RCC beams is
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
30%
d)
40%
| | Gowri Singh answered |
As per clause 37.1.1 of IS: 456-2000 the ultimate moment of resistance at any section should not be less than 70% of the factored moment at that section as obtained from the elastic moment envelope (considering all loading combinations).
A plain concrete footing made of M20 concrete is subjected to uniform pressure of 7 Mpa. Its total depth is 700 mm, the permissible maximum projection beyond the face of the column is ________- a)700 mm
- b)323 mm
- c)130 mm
- d)45 mm
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A plain concrete footing made of M20 concrete is subjected to uniform pressure of 7 Mpa. Its total depth is 700 mm, the permissible maximum projection beyond the face of the column is ________
a)
700 mm
b)
323 mm
c)
130 mm
d)
45 mm
| | Deepika Saha answered |
fck = 20 MPa
D = 700 mm
qo = 7 Mpa
∴ tan α = 700/L ⇒ L = 129.6 ≃ 130mm
∴ tan α = 700/L ⇒ L = 129.6 ≃ 130mm
The span to depth ratio limit is specified in IS : 456-1978 for the reinforced concrete beams, in order to ensure that the- a)tensile crack width is below a limit
- b)shear failure is avoided
- c)stress in the tension reinforcement is less than the allowable value
- d)deflection of the beam is below a limiting value
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The span to depth ratio limit is specified in IS : 456-1978 for the reinforced concrete beams, in order to ensure that the
a)
tensile crack width is below a limit
b)
shear failure is avoided
c)
stress in the tension reinforcement is less than the allowable value
d)
deflection of the beam is below a limiting value
| | Nikhil Majumdar answered |
Span to Depth Ratio Limit and Its Significance in Reinforced Concrete Beams
The span to depth ratio limit is an important aspect of the design of reinforced concrete beams. It is specified in IS : 456-1978, which is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for Reinforced Concrete Structures. The limit is designed to ensure that the deflection of the beam is below a limiting value.
What is Span to Depth Ratio?
The span to depth ratio is the ratio of the clear span of the beam to its depth. In other words, it is the distance between the supports divided by the depth of the beam.
Why is Span to Depth Ratio Important?
The span to depth ratio is an important factor in determining the strength and deflection of the beam. A beam with a high span to depth ratio will have a greater deflection and will be weaker than a beam with a low span to depth ratio.
What is the Limit for Span to Depth Ratio?
The limit for the span to depth ratio is specified in IS : 456-1978. According to the code, the span to depth ratio should not exceed the following values:
- Simply supported beams: 20
- Continuous beams: 26
Why is Deflection Important?
Deflection is the amount of deformation that a beam experiences when it is subjected to a load. Excessive deflection can lead to cracking and failure of the beam. Therefore, it is important to limit the deflection of the beam to a safe value. The span to depth ratio limit ensures that the deflection of the beam is below a limiting value.
Conclusion
The span to depth ratio limit is an important aspect of the design of reinforced concrete beams. It ensures that the deflection of the beam is below a limiting value, which is important for the safety and performance of the structure. Designers and engineers must follow the specified limit to ensure the quality and durability of the reinforced concrete structure.
The span to depth ratio limit is an important aspect of the design of reinforced concrete beams. It is specified in IS : 456-1978, which is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for Reinforced Concrete Structures. The limit is designed to ensure that the deflection of the beam is below a limiting value.
What is Span to Depth Ratio?
The span to depth ratio is the ratio of the clear span of the beam to its depth. In other words, it is the distance between the supports divided by the depth of the beam.
Why is Span to Depth Ratio Important?
The span to depth ratio is an important factor in determining the strength and deflection of the beam. A beam with a high span to depth ratio will have a greater deflection and will be weaker than a beam with a low span to depth ratio.
What is the Limit for Span to Depth Ratio?
The limit for the span to depth ratio is specified in IS : 456-1978. According to the code, the span to depth ratio should not exceed the following values:
- Simply supported beams: 20
- Continuous beams: 26
Why is Deflection Important?
Deflection is the amount of deformation that a beam experiences when it is subjected to a load. Excessive deflection can lead to cracking and failure of the beam. Therefore, it is important to limit the deflection of the beam to a safe value. The span to depth ratio limit ensures that the deflection of the beam is below a limiting value.
Conclusion
The span to depth ratio limit is an important aspect of the design of reinforced concrete beams. It ensures that the deflection of the beam is below a limiting value, which is important for the safety and performance of the structure. Designers and engineers must follow the specified limit to ensure the quality and durability of the reinforced concrete structure.
At the time of initial tensioning, the maximum tensile stress immediately behind the anchorage should not exceed which one of the following?- a)0.50 x ultimate tensile stress
- b)0.60 x ultimate tensile stress
- c)0.70 x ultimate tensile stress
- d)0.80 x ultimate tensile stress
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
At the time of initial tensioning, the maximum tensile stress immediately behind the anchorage should not exceed which one of the following?
a)
0.50 x ultimate tensile stress
b)
0.60 x ultimate tensile stress
c)
0.70 x ultimate tensile stress
d)
0.80 x ultimate tensile stress
| | Megha Choudhury answered |
As per clause 18.5.1 of IS: 1343-1980, at the time of initial tensioning, the maximum tensile stress immediately behind the anchorages shall not exceed 80% of the ultimate tensile strength of the wire or bar or strand.
Consider the following statements and Identify the correct option with regard to provisions of IS 456: 2000:P. The minimum stripping time for props to slab spanning over 4.5 m is 7 daysQ. The minimum stripping time for props to arches spanning over 6 m is 14 days.R. To ensure the strength of Designed concrete mix, Random sampling procedure is adoptedS. When a bar of two different diameters is to be spliced, the lap length shall be calculated on the basis of the bar of the larger diameter.- a)P – True Q – True R – True S – False
- b)P – False Q – False R – True S – True
- c)P – True Q – False R – False S – False
- d)P – False Q – False R – True S – False
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements and Identify the correct option with regard to provisions of IS 456: 2000:
P. The minimum stripping time for props to slab spanning over 4.5 m is 7 days
Q. The minimum stripping time for props to arches spanning over 6 m is 14 days.
R. To ensure the strength of Designed concrete mix, Random sampling procedure is adopted
S. When a bar of two different diameters is to be spliced, the lap length shall be calculated on the basis of the bar of the larger diameter.
a)
P – True Q – True R – True S – False
b)
P – False Q – False R – True S – True
c)
P – True Q – False R – False S – False
d)
P – False Q – False R – True S – False
| | Rajat Patel answered |
As per IS 456 : 2000,
(i) The minimum stripping time for props to slab spanning up to 4.5 m and spanning over 4.5 m is 7 days and 14 days respectively.
(ii) The minimum stripping time for props to aches spanning up to 6 m and spanning over 6 m is 14 days and 21 days respectively.
(iii) When bar of two different diameter are to be spliced the lap length shall be calculated on the basis of bar of smaller diameter.
(iv) A random sampling procedure shall be adopted to ensure that each concrete batch shall have a reasonable chance of being tested that is, the sampling should be spread over the entire period of concreting and cover all mixing units.
As per IS 456:2000, for the heavily reinforced concrete column, the nominal maximum size of aggregate should be restricted:- a)to 5 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is smaller.
- b)to 5 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is greater.
- c)to 10 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 10 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is smaller.
- d)to 10 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 10 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is greater.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
As per IS 456:2000, for the heavily reinforced concrete column, the nominal maximum size of aggregate should be restricted:
a)
to 5 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is smaller.
b)
to 5 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is greater.
c)
to 10 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 10 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is smaller.
d)
to 10 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 10 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is greater.
| | Siddharth Bajaj answered |
As per IS 456:2000, Clause 5.3.3.1:
For Heavily reinforced concrete members as in the case of ribs of main beams, the nominal maximum size of aggregate should usually be restricted to 5 mm less than the minimum clear distance between the main bars or 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement whichever is smaller.
A reinforced concrete member is subjected to combined action of combined action of compressive axial force and bending moment. If ec is the best least compressive strain in the member, fy, the yield stress of steel and, Es, the modulus of elasticity of steel, the maximum permissible compressive strain in concrete member will be- a)0.002
- b)0.002 fy(1.15 Es)
- c)0.0035 – 0.75 ec
- d)0.0035
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A reinforced concrete member is subjected to combined action of combined action of compressive axial force and bending moment. If ec is the best least compressive strain in the member, fy, the yield stress of steel and, Es, the modulus of elasticity of steel, the maximum permissible compressive strain in concrete member will be
a)
0.002
b)
0.002 fy(1.15 Es)
c)
0.0035 – 0.75 ec
d)
0.0035
| | Milan Ghosh answered |
Ans.
Option (c)
The bond strength between steel and concrete is due to- a)friction
- b)adhesion
- c)both friction and adhesion
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The bond strength between steel and concrete is due to
a)
friction
b)
adhesion
c)
both friction and adhesion
d)
None of these
 | Rajeev Sharma answered |
the correct answer is option "c) both friction and adhesion."
The bond strength between steel and concrete is the force that holds the two materials together. This bond strength is due to both friction and adhesion between the steel and concrete.
Friction is the force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact. In the case of steel and concrete, the friction between the two materials helps to hold them together.
Adhesion is the attraction between the atoms or molecules of two different materials. In the case of steel and concrete, the adhesion between the two materials helps to hold them together.
Together, both friction and adhesion contribute to the overall bond strength between steel and concrete. It is important to consider the bond strength between these two materials when designing structures that use both steel and concrete, as it can significantly affect the structural performance of the structure.
For bars in tension, a standard hook has an anchorage value equivalent to a straight length of- a)8ϕ
- b)12ϕ
- c)16ϕ
- d)24ϕ
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
For bars in tension, a standard hook has an anchorage value equivalent to a straight length of
a)
8ϕ
b)
12ϕ
c)
16ϕ
d)
24ϕ
| | Anuj Verma answered |
As per IS 456: 2000,
A standard hook has an anchorage value equivalent to a straight length of 16ϕ.
The anchorage value of standard U-type hook shall be 16 times the diameter of the bar.
The anchorage value of standard bend shall be considered as 4 times the diameter of the bar for each 45o bend subject to a maximum value of 16 times the diameter of the bar.
The purpose of reinforcement in prestressed concrete is- a)to provide adequate bond stress
- b)to resist tensile stress
- c)to import initial compressive stress in concrete
- d)all of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The purpose of reinforcement in prestressed concrete is
a)
to provide adequate bond stress
b)
to resist tensile stress
c)
to import initial compressive stress in concrete
d)
all of these
| | Aditi Chakraborty answered |
Prestressed concrete import initial compressive stresses to counter tensile stresses due to loading.
Reinforcement bars are placed in a form and stressed or stretched with forces on each end of bars pulling them. When concrete is poured around the stressing bonds before pressure is released, it creates tension.
When the tension is released the steel tendency to try to resume its original shape and adds a compressive force to the concrete laterally, giving it strength to span distances.
If the depth of neutral axis for a singly reinforced balanced rectangular section is represented by kd in working stress design, then the value of k for a balanced section, - a)depends on σst only
- b)depends on σcbc only
- c)depends on both σst and σcbc
- d)is independent of both σst and σcbc
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
If the depth of neutral axis for a singly reinforced balanced rectangular section is represented by kd in working stress design, then the value of k for a balanced section,
a)
depends on σst only
b)
depends on σcbc only
c)
depends on both σst and σcbc
d)
is independent of both σst and σcbc
| | Nikhil Majumdar answered |
The value of k is given by,
For a balanced section,
For a balanced section,
Consider the following statements:
1. In a helical reinforced concrete column, the concrete core is subjected to tri-axial state of stress.
2. Helically reinforced columns are very much suitable for earthquake resistant structures.
Which of these statements is/are correct? ,- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both 1 and 2
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. In a helical reinforced concrete column, the concrete core is subjected to tri-axial state of stress.
2. Helically reinforced columns are very much suitable for earthquake resistant structures.
Which of these statements is/are correct? ,
1. In a helical reinforced concrete column, the concrete core is subjected to tri-axial state of stress.
2. Helically reinforced columns are very much suitable for earthquake resistant structures.
Which of these statements is/are correct? ,
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
None of these
| | Poulomi Patel answered |
Statement 1: In a helical reinforced concrete column, the concrete core is subjected to tri-axial state of stress.
Explanation:
In a helical reinforced concrete column, helical reinforcement is provided in the form of closely spaced helical bars. These helical bars are wrapped around the concrete core of the column. This helical reinforcement enhances the load-carrying capacity and ductility of the column.
The helical reinforcement in the column acts as a confinement mechanism for the concrete core. It prevents the lateral expansion of the concrete core and provides confinement to the core under axial loading. This confinement results in the development of tri-axial state of stress in the concrete core.
The tri-axial state of stress means that the concrete core experiences compressive stresses in all three directions - axial (along the length of the column), circumferential (around the circumference of the column), and radial (inward from the outer surface of the column). This tri-axial state of stress is beneficial as it increases the strength and stiffness of the column, making it more resistant to failure.
Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2: Helically reinforced columns are very much suitable for earthquake resistant structures.
Explanation:
Helically reinforced columns offer several advantages in terms of earthquake resistance. These advantages are as follows:
1. Increased ductility: The helical reinforcement provides confinement to the concrete core, which enhances its ductility. Ductility is the ability of a material to deform plastically before failure. In an earthquake, buildings undergo significant lateral displacements and deformations. The increased ductility of helically reinforced columns allows them to withstand these deformations without collapsing.
2. Improved energy dissipation: The confinement provided by the helical reinforcement increases the energy dissipation capacity of the column. During an earthquake, the energy generated by the ground motion needs to be absorbed and dissipated by the structure to prevent damage. The helical reinforcement helps in dissipating this energy, thereby reducing the impact on the structure.
3. Enhanced load-carrying capacity: The confinement effect of the helical reinforcement increases the load-carrying capacity of the column. This allows helically reinforced columns to resist the higher loads generated during seismic events.
4. Prevention of buckling: The helical reinforcement also helps in preventing buckling of the concrete core under axial compression loads. Buckling can lead to sudden and catastrophic failure of the column. The helical reinforcement provides additional strength and stiffness to the column, preventing buckling and ensuring its stability.
Therefore, statement 2 is also correct.
In conclusion, both statement 1 and statement 2 are correct.
Explanation:
In a helical reinforced concrete column, helical reinforcement is provided in the form of closely spaced helical bars. These helical bars are wrapped around the concrete core of the column. This helical reinforcement enhances the load-carrying capacity and ductility of the column.
The helical reinforcement in the column acts as a confinement mechanism for the concrete core. It prevents the lateral expansion of the concrete core and provides confinement to the core under axial loading. This confinement results in the development of tri-axial state of stress in the concrete core.
The tri-axial state of stress means that the concrete core experiences compressive stresses in all three directions - axial (along the length of the column), circumferential (around the circumference of the column), and radial (inward from the outer surface of the column). This tri-axial state of stress is beneficial as it increases the strength and stiffness of the column, making it more resistant to failure.
Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2: Helically reinforced columns are very much suitable for earthquake resistant structures.
Explanation:
Helically reinforced columns offer several advantages in terms of earthquake resistance. These advantages are as follows:
1. Increased ductility: The helical reinforcement provides confinement to the concrete core, which enhances its ductility. Ductility is the ability of a material to deform plastically before failure. In an earthquake, buildings undergo significant lateral displacements and deformations. The increased ductility of helically reinforced columns allows them to withstand these deformations without collapsing.
2. Improved energy dissipation: The confinement provided by the helical reinforcement increases the energy dissipation capacity of the column. During an earthquake, the energy generated by the ground motion needs to be absorbed and dissipated by the structure to prevent damage. The helical reinforcement helps in dissipating this energy, thereby reducing the impact on the structure.
3. Enhanced load-carrying capacity: The confinement effect of the helical reinforcement increases the load-carrying capacity of the column. This allows helically reinforced columns to resist the higher loads generated during seismic events.
4. Prevention of buckling: The helical reinforcement also helps in preventing buckling of the concrete core under axial compression loads. Buckling can lead to sudden and catastrophic failure of the column. The helical reinforcement provides additional strength and stiffness to the column, preventing buckling and ensuring its stability.
Therefore, statement 2 is also correct.
In conclusion, both statement 1 and statement 2 are correct.
A beam of rectangular cross-section (b x d) is subjected to a torque T. What is the maximum torsional stress induced in the beam (b < d and α is a constant)?- a)T/αb2d
- b)T/αbd2
- c)T/αbd
- d)T/bd
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A beam of rectangular cross-section (b x d) is subjected to a torque T. What is the maximum torsional stress induced in the beam (b < d and α is a constant)?
a)
T/αb2d
b)
T/αbd2
c)
T/αbd
d)
T/bd
| | Shraddha Datta answered |
Torsion constant of a rectangular section of width b and depth d (b < d) may be expressed as,
J = b3d
J = b3d
For T, L and / sections torsion constant,
where bi and di are the dimensions of each of the component rectangles into which the section may be divided.
Torsional shear stress for rectangular section
Torsional shear stress for rectangular section
For T, L and / sections torsional shear stress may be calculated for each component rectangle by considering them subjected to torsional moment,
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