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UPSC Exam  >  UPSC Test  >  CSAT Preparation  >  CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - UPSC MCQ

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Free MCQ Test with solutions for UPSC


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 (15 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for UPSC CSAT Preparation with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1". These 15 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of UPSC 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 25 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 15

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*Answer can only contain numeric values
CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 1
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Ram bought pens from a wholesaler at Rs. 200 per pen. For every additional pen sold by Ram after the first one, the selling price of the pen becomes Rs.5 less than the selling price of the previous pen. Using this strategy, Ram makes a 145% profit by selling 5 pens. What is the maximum number of pens a customer can buy in a single transaction such that Ram makes a profit on every pen sold?


Detailed Solution: Question 1

Let the cost of the pen be Rs xx and the marked price be yy

The cost of 5 pen  = 5x5x

Selling price of 5 pens = y + (y−5) + (y−10) +(y−15) + (y−20) = 5y - 50

As per question

(1+145%)5x = 5y−50

Or 2.45x = y−10...(I)

Putting  x = 200  gives, y = 500

The selling price of the nth pen is = 500−(n−1)5

To make the sure that profit is obtained on every pen sold

SP > CP

500 − (n−1)5 > 200

500 − 5n+5 > 200

305 > 5n or n < 61

Thus maximum possible pens he can sell is 60

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 2
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Sita bought mangoes from a whole-seller and transports the mangoes to her shop. The transporation incurred 20% of the cost she had spent to buy the mangoes. While transporting the mangoes to her shop one-eighth of her stock got squished and generally would not be sold at the same price as that of good quality mangoes. She sold the squished mangoes at 40% of her cost price. By approximately, how much must she markup the price of good quality mangoes such that she receives 10% profit on the overall transaction?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

Let Sita buy 100 kg of mangoes at the rate of Rs x/kg The cost incurred by her = 100x

Cost spent for transportation = 20% of 100x = 20x. 

Total cost incurred = 100x + 20x = 120x

To get profit of 10% the overall money she should receive from the selling of mangoes is 1.1 × 120x = 132x

Amount of squished mangoes = 100/8 ​= 12.5kgs.

Amount received by selling squished mangoes = 0.4x × 12.5 = 5x

Remaining amount = 132x − 5x = 127x which she'll get from selling good quality mangoes.

Let the markup be m%

Then (1+m%) (87.5)x = 127x

Or (1+m%) = 127/87.5​ = 1.451

or m% = 45.14%

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CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 3
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A shopkeeper marks up his goods by 100%. One day during the Dussehra Sale, he gave a discount of 40% to all customers who visited his shop in the morning slot and a discount of 20% to all the customers who visited his shop in the evening slot. All the goods in his shop were of the same type and had the same cost price. Let x be the number of goods sold during the morning slot and y be the number of goods sold during the evening slot, which of the following represents possible values of x and y, in order to have at least 50% profit?

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Let p be the cost price CP of each item.

Hence, marked price MP = p + p = 2p

Selling price SP of items in the morning slot = 

Selling price SP of the items in the evening slot = 

Since the minimum profit should be 50% for all items,

Hence, y should be greater than or equal to 3 times x. Only option C satisfies the condition.

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 4
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Sonali bought eggs at Rs 90 a dozen. She kept few eggs to herself and sold the remaining eggs such that the profit she made was 33 1/3 ​% of the money she spent to buy all the eggs. At what markup % did she sell the remaining eggs if she kept 1/3​ of the eggs for herself?

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Total money received after the sale = (1+ 33 1/3 ​%)90 = (4/3​) 90 = 120

Cost of 1 egg for Sonali = 90/12 ​= 7.5

Number of eggs kept by Sonali = 1/3 x 12 = 4

Eggs sold by Sonali = 12 - 4 = 8

Selling price per egg = 120​/8 = 15

Markup = 15 - 7.5 = Rs 7.5

Markup percent = 7.5/7.5​ × 100 % = 100%

*Answer can only contain numeric values
CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 5
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An absent-minded shopkeeper interchanged the markup of m% and discount d% of a product. So, instead of making a profit of 8%, he made a loss of 12% on the product. What is the value of d2 + m2?


Detailed Solution: Question 5

Let the cost price be x
When markup percent is m% and discount given is d% then (1+m%)(1−d%)x=1.08x
Upon expanding we get 

When markup percent is d% and discount given is m% then
(1+d%)(1−m%)x = 0.88x
Upon expanding we get

Adding (I) and (II) we get,

Substracting  (I) and (II) we get,

or m-d =10
Squaring both sides, m2 + d2 - 2md = 100
m2 + d2 - 400 = 100
m2 + d2 = 500

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 6
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A company was purchasing 30 barrels of oil every month during lockdown from March 2020 till August 2020. The price per barrel paid by the company increased every month by a constant amount of $10. They purchased the barrels at $25 in March 2020. In September 2020, the company then sold half of the barrels at $45 each, half of the remaining at $50 each and all the remaining barrels at $70 each. What is the company's profit in percentage?

Detailed Solution: Question 6

The company purchased 30 barrels of oil for 6 months. So, it has 180 barrels of oil in total. 

Cost of 1 barrel of oil in March = $25 and the cost per barrel increases by $10 every month.

So, it follows an A.P. with first term, 'a' = $25 and common difference, 'd' = $10 and 'n', number of terms = 6 (March to August).

If someone purchased 1 barrel a month, his total cost = Sum of A.P.= n/2 ​[2a+(n−1)d] = 6/2​[50 + (5×10)] = 3 × 100 = 300   

.'. Cost of 30 oil barrels every month = $300 × 30 = $9000

Now, half of the oil barrels, i.e. 90 barrels were sold at $45 each making a sale of $90 × 45 = $4050.

Remaining barrels = 90.

Half of it were, i.e. 45 barrels were sold at $50 each making a sales of $50 × 45 = $2250

All the remaining barrels, 45 barrels were sold at $70 each making further sales of $70 × 45 = $3150

Total Selling Price= $(4050+2250+3150)= $9450.

Profit= $9450-$9000= $450

*Answer can only contain numeric values
CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 7
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The selling price of 16 pens is the same the cost price of 25 pens. If the total discount offered on 50 pens is the same as the selling price of 14 pens then find out the markup percentage.


Detailed Solution: Question 7

Let '100x' be the seeing price of 1 pen. It is given that selling price of 16 pens is the same the cost price of 25 pens.
Hence, the cost price of 1 pen

Total discount offered on 50 pens is the same as the selling price of 14 pens. 
Hence, the discount offered on 1 pen 

Therefore, the marked up price of 1 pen = 100x + 28x = 128x 
Hence, markup percentage

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 8
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2 shopkeepers A and B sell similar articles. Both the shopkeepers buy the articles at the rate of 60 articles for Rs.40. A sells the articles at 60 for Rs.50, whereas B marks up the price of each article by 50% and then offers a 20% discount. What is the ratio of the number of articles A has to sell and the number of articles B has to sell to obtain the same profit?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

CP for both A and B = 40/60  = 2/3 per article.
For A,
SP = 50/60 = 5/6 per article.
Hence profit = 1/6 per article.
Hence profit on 'a' articles = a/6.
For B,
MP = 1.5 X 2/3 = 1 per article
SP = 0.8MP = 4/5 per article.

Hence, profit on 'b' articles = 2b/15
Hence, 

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 9
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Mr. Yarn owns a fabric store. He sells his cloth 40% above the wholesale price he pays. One day he discovers that the meter stick has been using to measure the cloth he sells is not exactly a meter. Because of this error, he is only earning a 39% profit. Approximately how long is Mr. Yarn's faulty meter stick? (Note that he uses the meter stick only to sell cloth; the amount he buys is correct)

Detailed Solution: Question 9

Let CP for 100 cm cloth be Rs. 100.

SP = 140 for P cm of cloth. The CP for P cm of cloth will be P

We have (140 - P) x 100 = 39P

Or, P = 100.7cm.

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 10
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Neeraj sells a LED TV to Siddarth for a profit of 10%. Siddarth sells it to Rahul for a loss of 15% and Rahul sells it to Akhil for Rs 33660. If Rahul earned a profit of 20% in the transaction, find the price at which Neeraj purchased the TV.


Detailed Solution: Question 10

In such questions it is always better to go backwards. Rahul earned 20% by selling at 33600, so CP for him would be 33660/1.2 = Rs 28050.

So SP for Siddarth was 28050

Now, he sold it at a loss of 15% so CP for him is 28050/.85 = 33000.

Now this was the SP for Neeraj. So CP for Neeraj = 33000/1.1 = 30000

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 11
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Ankita buys 4 kg cashews, 14 kg peanuts and 6 kg almonds when the cost of 7 kg cashews is the same as that of 30 kg peanuts or 9 kg almonds. She mixes all the three nuts and marks a price for the mixture in order to make a profit of ₹1752. She sells 4 kg of the mixture at this marked price and the remaining at a 20% discount on the marked price, thus making a total profit of ₹744. Then the amount, in rupees, that she had spent in buying almonds is

Detailed Solution: Question 11

It is given,

7C = 30P = 9A and Ankita bought 4C, 14P and 6A.

Let 7C = 30P = 9A = 630k

C = 90k, P = 21k, and A = 70k

Cost price of 4C, 14P and 6A = 4(90k)+14(21k)+6(70k) = 1074k

Marked up price = 1074k + 1752


k = 4

Money spent on buying almonds = 420k = 420*4 = Rs 1680

*Answer can only contain numeric values
CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 12
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Amal purchases some pens at ₹ 8 each. To sell these, he hires an employee at a fixed wage. He sells 100 of these pens at ₹ 12 each. If the remaining pens are sold at ₹ 11 each, then he makes a net profit of ₹ 300, while he makes a net loss of ₹ 300 if the remaining pens are sold at ₹ 9 each. The wage of the employee, in INR, is


Detailed Solution: Question 12

Let the number of pens purchased be n. Then the cost price is 8n. The total expenses incurred would be 8n+W, where W refers to the wage.
Then SP in the first case = 12 x 100 + 11 x (n-100)
Given profit is 300 in this case: 1200+11n-1100-8n-W=300 =>3n-W = 200
In second case: 1200+9n-900-8n-W=-300 (Loss). => W-n = 600.
Adding the two equations: 2n = 800
n = 400.
Thus W = 600 + 400 = 1000

CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 13
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Gita sells two objects A and B at the same price such that she makes a profit of 20% on object A and a loss of 10% on object B. If she increases the selling price such that objects A and B are still sold at an equal price and a profit of 10% is made on object B, then the profit made on object A will be nearest to

Detailed Solution: Question 13

Let A be the cost price of object A and B be the cost price of object B.
Gita sells two objects A and B at the same price such that she makes a profit of 20% on object A and a loss of 10% on object B.
Therefore, 1.2 × A = 0.9 × B
4 A = 3 B
B = 4/3 A
To sell object B at a profit of 10%, the selling price of B must be 1.1 B or 11/10 B
Object A is sold at the same price as object B, that is, 
The profit obtained on object A in such a trade will be 46.66% or nearly 47%.

*Answer can only contain numeric values
CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 14
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Jayant bought a certain number of white shirts at the rate of Rs 1000 per piece and a certain number of blue shirts at the rate of Rs 1125 per piece. For each shirt, he then set a fixed market price which was 25% higher than the average cost of all the shirts. He sold all the shirts at a discount of 10% and made a total profit of Rs 51000. If he bought both colors of shirts, then the maximum possible total number of shirts that he could have bought is


Detailed Solution: Question 14

Let the number of white and black shirts bought by Jayant be w and b respectively.
Then the total Cost Price (CP) =1000 × w + 1125 × b =1000(w + b) + 125 × b
Since the goods are marked up by 25% and then offered at a discount of 10%, the total Selling Price (SP)
= CP × 1.25 × 0.9 = 1.125 CP
This implies that there was a 12.5% of Profit, which is given to be 51, 000
12.5%(CP) = 51,000
CP = 4,08,000
1000(w + b) + 125 × b = 4,08,000
w and b are positive integers (since at least one shirt of each color needs to be purchased.)
To purchase maximum number of shirts, you need to purchase minimum number of the costlier shirts, which are the blue ones…
Observe that the total CP is a multiple of 1000. And for that to happen b should be a multiple of 8 in
1000(w + b) + 125 × b = 4,08,000.
So the minimum value of b = 8, in which case, w = 399.
Hence, the maximum number of shirts that can be purchased = 399 + 8 = 407

*Answer can only contain numeric values
CAT Practice: Profit & Loss - 1 - Question 15
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Bina incurs 19% loss when she sells a product at Rs. 4860 to Shyam, who in turn sells this product to Hari. If Bina would have sold this product to Shyam at the purchase price of Hari, she would have obtained 17% profit. Then, the profit, in rupees, made by Shyam is


Detailed Solution: Question 15

Assume CP = c
So, C.P. for Bina = c
S.P. for Bina = 4860
A.T.Q,
c × 81/100 = 4860
C = 6000
If Bina has to sold to Shyam at the purchase price of Hari, then, there is a profit of 17% to Bina.
So, Cost price for Hari = 1.17 × 6000 = 7020
Hence, profit made by Shyam = 7020 – 4860 = 2160

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