CG TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 6 (Science and Mathematics) - CG TET MCQ

Bandura's major premise is that we can learn by observing others. He considers vicarious experience to be the typical way that human beings change. He uses the term 'modelling' to describe Campbell's two mid-range processes of response acquisition (observation of another's response and modelling), and he claims that modelling can have as much impact as direct experience.
Social learning theory is a general theory of human behaviour, but Bandura and people concerned with mass communication have used it specifically to explain media effects. Bandura warned that "children and adults acquire attitudes, emotional responses, and new styles of conduct through filmed and televised modelling." George Gerbner was concerned that television violence would create a false climate of fear. Albert Bandura cautioned that TV might create a violent reality that was worth fearing.

Learning disability includes distinguished from the things related to a logical arrangement like unable to write, read or sturring, etc. Children with learning disabilities experience difficulty in learning and using certain skills namely reading, writing, listening, and reasoning.
Errors in writing like reverse images, mirror imaging, etc represent learning disabilities. Dyslexia is the most common learning disability which results in reverse or mirror images of the alphabet.
Dyslexia is a learning disability that makes learners:

• unable to read and interpret letters and words.
• confuse with the same shapes and sounds of the alphabet.
• bewilder in identifying and relating speech sounds with letters and words.

Types of Learning Disability: It is categorized either by the type of information processing that is affected or by the specific difficulties caused by a processing deficit.

Learning disability constitutes a condition that affects learning and intelligence across all areas of life.
A learning difficulty constitutes a condition that creates an obstacle to a specific form of learning but does not affect the overall IQ of an individual. 
So, we can conclude that child is showing signs of a learning disability.

The teacher is responsible to keep the students active, disciplined, attentive, participative during the teaching-learning process. For all this, the teacher has to keep the students motivated so that they remain self-disciplined and actively perform in the classroom activity. 

This strategy might not work in the long run since this might lead to children reading only for getting the certificates. The students will be least interested in developing their reading or comprehensive skills, but would be more interested in increasing their collection of certificates and flaunting them in their friends' group.

Conversation skill is not a tool but a skill that is learnt using various tools.

Social Heredity, suggests that the son's expertise as a doctor can be attributed to the influence of the doctor-parent's social environment. 

Learning is a process by which behaviour is either modified or changed through experience or training. Learning is thus a relatively permanent change in response potentiality which occurs as a function of reinforced practice.
Teacher-related factors affecting learning:

• Teacher's Knowledge over the subject matter: Teachers who are firmly rooted in their subject knowledge make clearer presentations and recognize students' difficulties readily. He/she should be able to undertake application-oriented teaching as well. 
• The leadership style adopted by the teacher in terms of whether it is authoritarian, democratic, benevolent, or indifferent greatly influences how the students will respond and involve themselves in the learning tasks.
• The relationship which teachers have with their students also sets the tone and climate of the classroom.
• The evaluative comments that teachers make either verbally or in writing also have a great bearing on students learning. They have the power to motivate and encourage or stifle and discourage. 
• Apart from expectations, there are many other characteristics related to teachers that influence their learners and the teaching-learning process. The most significant among these are modeling, enthusiasm, caring, and positive expectations.
• Research indicates that teachers who present information enthusiastically, increase learners' self-efficacy, attributions of effort and ability, self-confidence, and achievement.
• The caring attitude of a teacher and how he/she communicates it is another important factor, Caring refers to a teacher's ability to emphasize and invest in the protection and development of her learners. 

From the above, we can conclude that mastery over the subject matter is a teacher-related factor affecting learning.

Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
Lawrence Kohlberg: Right action is "that which instrumentally satisfies one's own needs and occasionally the needs of others". "Human relations are viewed in terms like those of the marketplace; elements of fairness, reciprocity and equal sharing are present, but they are always interpreted in a physical or pragmatic way. Reciprocity is a matter of 'you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours', and not of loyalty, gratitude or justice."

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार किसी उत्पाद के पैक पर अधिकतम खुदरा मूल्य लिखना अनिवार्य होता है।
• यदि कोई दुकानदार एमआरपी से अधिक चार्ज करता है तो उपभोक्ता उसकी शिकायत कर सकता है।

पुर्तगाली इतिहासकार डोमिंग पेस ने हम्पी को स्वप्नों की नगरी कहा था।
सन्दर्भ पंक्ति - लगभग पांच शताब्दी पूर्व पुर्तगाली इतिहासकार डोमिंग पेस ने हम्पी (विजयनगर) को स्वप्नों की नगरी कहा था। 

यहाँ इसे गंगा, चंबल, घाघरा, गंडक, सोन, कोसी, ब्रह्मपुत्र आदि नदियों तथा इनकी सहायक नदियों में देखा जा सकता है। केवल ताज़े पानी की नदियों में रहने वाली यह डॉलफिन अकेली अथवा बहुत छोटे-छोटे झुंडों में रहती है।  

बच्चे निष्क्रिय गतिविधियों की अपेक्षा अन्तः क्रियात्मक गतिविधियों के माध्यम से अधिक सीखते हैं-सामाजिक संपर्क मायने रखता है- 

• ​​जब हम कहते हैं कि "सामाजिक संपर्क मायने रखता है," हम संचार की "आगे और पीछे" प्रकृति पर जोर दे रहे हैं।
• अनुसंधान इस तथ्य का समर्थन करता है कि बच्चों को वास्तविक लोगों के साथ वास्तविक जीवन के आदान-प्रदान की आवश्यकता होती है। 
• खेल के दौरान, भोजन के समय, बिस्तर की तैयारी करते समय या कहानी पढ़ते समय, परिवार के सदस्यों या शिक्षकों के लिए बच्चों के साथ बातचीत करने के सभी बेहतरीन अवसर होते हैं।
• अन्त: क्रियात्मक परिकल्पना के अन्तर्गत वो सब गतिविधियाँ आती है जिनमें बालक विभिन्न लोगों के साथ बातचीत में सक्रिय रूप से भाग लेता है।
• 'अन्त: क्रियात्मक परिकल्पना' का समर्थन करने के लिए चयनित विषयों पर समूह परियोजना कार्य, शिक्षार्थियों को विनिमय के अवसर (बातचीत) प्रदान करना और समूह कार्य, जोड़ों में कार्य और समूची कक्षा में एक साथ कार्य इन सभी विकल्पों के तहत आता है।

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि अध्यापक द्वारा व्याख्यान और श्रुतलेखन कार्य 'अन्त: क्रियात्मक परिकल्पना' का समर्थन नहीं करता है।

'इंसान' शब्द पुल्लिंग है अन्य सभी विकल्प स्त्रीलिंग है।
संज्ञा शब्दों के जिस रूप से उसके पुरुष या स्त्री जाति होने का पता चलता है, उसे लिंग कहते है। जैसे – गाय-बैल, लड़का-लड़की, ग्वाला-ग्वालिन।

रामायण काल के पुष्पक विमान, वर्षा, अग्नि, वायु आदि की शक्तियों को प्रकट करने वाले वाणों, समुन्द्र सोख कर जमीन निकालने वाले मंत्र से चलने वाले अद्भुत वाण-अस्त्र, महाभारतकालीन संजय की प्राप्त हुई दिव्य-दृष्टि आदि को साक्षात् और सत्य करने के लिए विज्ञान ने हमें बहुत कुछ उपलब्ध करा दिया है।

लिखना अर्थात लेखन कौशल चारों भाषा कौशलों में सबसे अंतिम चरण है। बच्चों में लेखन कौशल का विकास मौलिक विचारों को लिखित रूप देने तथा विभिन्न उद्देश्यों के लिए लिखने की क्षमता को संदर्भित करता है। लिखित भाषा का प्रयोग अपनी भाषा को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

• दक्षता के साथ सहज अभिव्यक्ति के विकास को सुनिश्चित कर सकेंगे।
• वास्तविक अनुभव के साथ भाषाई कौशलों को सुगमता से ग्रहण करेंगें।
• तथ्यों को स्वयं के निजी अनुभवों से जोड़ कर अपने विचारों को अभिव्यक्त करेगें।
• स्वतंत्र एवं मौलिक अभिव्यक्ति के अवसर प्राप्त कर अपने विचारों को खुल कर रखेंगे।

अतः, निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि लिखित भाषा का प्रयोग अपनी अभिव्यक्ति के लिए किया जाता है।

सम्पूर्ण चुनाव प्रक्रिया को ही धता बता देते हैं।',इस कथन का भाव है। 
उपहासात्मक:

• परिभाषा-मज़ाक-भरा।
• उपहासात्मक का पर्यायवाची-मज़ाक-भरा , उपहास-भरा |

सकारात्मक:

• परिभाषा - जिसमें स्वीकार या हाँ का भाव हो
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - शीला की नौकरी के लिए एक कार्यालय से सकारात्मक उत्तर आया है।
• समानार्थी शब्द - स्वीकारात्मक , पॉजिटिव , पाजिटिव
• विलोम शब्द - नकारात्मक
• मूल शब्द - सकार
• प्रत्यय - आत्मक
• संधि - स्वर

प्रतिक्रियात्मक :

• प्रतिक्रियात्मक अर्थ-प्रतिक्रिया से युक्त।
• समानार्थी शब्द -प्रतिक्रिया संबंधी , प्रतिक्रिया से युक्त ,प्रतिक्रिया के फलस्वरूप किया जाने वाला ; प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप।

विश्लेषणात्मक:

• समानार्थी शब्द -तत्वसंधान, जाँच, विवेचन, परीक्षण, छानबीन, अध्ययन, भेद, व्याकृति, अंतर, स्पष्टीकरण, प्रकार, व्याख्या
• अर्थ-जो विश्लेषणवाली प्रक्रिया के अनुसार हो। 'आश्लेषात्मक' का विपर्याय।

There are two syllables in the word "matches", they are "A and E".
A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word is known as syllable.

A student has difficulty in applying the learned knowledge. For example, in word problems, the student also fails to translate sentences into equations or identify the variables. A possible solution to this problem could be giving carefully designed assignment-simpler-simple-complex.

Writing is a creative and expressive skill, and asking students to generate their own ideas allows them to showcase their understanding, creativity, and ability to organize their thoughts in written form.

• Paragraph writing is the process of composing a group of related sentences that focus on a specific topic or idea, presenting coherent and organized information to convey meaning and support a central theme or argument.
• While testing paragraph writing, it is ideal for the teacher to ask students to express their own thoughts and ideas rather than copying from a textbook or relying on memorized content.
• It also provides an opportunity for students to develop their critical thinking skills, language proficiency, and ability to communicate effectively.
• By encouraging students to write their own thoughts, teachers can assess their writing skills, coherence, and ability to express themselves independently.

Hence, it is clear that while testing paragraph writing the teacher should ask the students to write their own thoughts.

"By the end of next year, I will have been 50 years old."
This sentence introduces the following tense form: Perfect
It is a future perfect tense.
The future perfect tense indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus "have" plus the "past participle of the verb" (which can be either regular or irregular in form).

An exercise where words are left out of a shorter passage and the pupil must fill in the blanks with suitable words based on their reading, assesses their ability to comprehend.
Here the learners need to first understand the passage through reading and analyzing and then putting the correct words in blanks to make the sentence in a way that the meaning, usage of the words, and the sense of the sentence remain correct. For this activity, the learners need to comprehend the passage and therefore the ability to comprehend is under assessment here.

Language skill refers to the ability to use a language properly. In other words, the learner should be fully proficient in all four skills of the language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

• The process of writing is generally a way to put abstract thoughts, ideas, and concepts into words, and to bring imagination into reality with the help of proper words of a particular language. Students' writing skills usually improve naturally with their experiences, maturity, and practice.

In free composition, the children are able to freely arrange their ideas in their own way and to choose their words freely. It is very helpful for higher-stage students.

Mass Percent:

• It allows us to determine the relative number of atoms of a specific component present in a combination/solution.
• Mass Percent = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100%

Calculation:
Given: Mass of solute = 0.01%
Mass Percent = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100%
= (0.01/100) × 100 ​= 0.01%
= [0.01/ (0.01 + 99.99)] × 100 ​= 0.01%
Hence, the mass of solute =0.01 g  and the mass of solvent = 99.99 gms.

Frequency of our household alternating current is 50 Hz.

Heating and beating are the two processes that destroy the magnetic properties of a bar magnet.

A number is written in scientific notation(standard form) when a number between 1 and 10 is multiplied by a power of 10.
(14.96 x 10¹⁰) – (3.84 x 10⁸)
=1496 x 10⁸ - 3.84 x 10⁸
= 1492.16 x 10⁸
= 1.49216 x 10¹¹

The relative atomic masses of many elements are not whole numbers because there are different isotopes of the elements. The atomic weight is the average based on the proportions that they occur in naturally.

• The basic solution can turn red litmus to blue.
• Add a few drops of solution from each text tube on litmus paper.
• The distilled water is neutral in nature and thus on adding it to litmus paper there is no color change in litmus paper. 
• With the addition of a few drops of acidic solution on blue litmus paper, the litmus paper turns blue to red.
• With the addition of a few drops of basic solution on red litmus paper, the litmus paper turns red to blue.

• When the red-brown of a copper strip is placed in a colorless solution of silver nitrate, then a shining greyish-white deposit of silver is formed on the copper strip and a solution becomes blue due to the formation of copper nitrate.
  Cu + 2AgNO₃  →  Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag
• In this case, displacement reaction occurs because copper is more reactive than silver.
• Therefore, copper displaces the silver from the silver nitrate compound.

Thus, the correct answer is X- Copper and Y- Silver nitrate.