Chapter Test: Social Change - 1 - CTET & State TET MCQ

The manuscript is South-Indian Manuscript of Bhagavad Gita.

 Sufis were Muslim mystics. It is believed that they adopted many ideas of each other. They rejected outward religiosity, elaborate rituals and codes of behavior demanded by Muslim religious scholars.

They advocates: Devotion to God; Union with God just like a lover seeks his beloved with a disregard for the world; Compassion towards all fellow human beings.

They also composed poems like the saint-poets. Even their poems expressed their feelings. By including anecdotes and fables, a rich literature in prose developed around them. Ghazzali, Rumi and Sadi were the great Sufis of Central Asia.

A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader. The term hagiography may be used to refer to the adulatory and idealized biography of a founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Hence the answer is option (B). 

The correct answer is D as the Virashaiva movement began in karnataka.
Karnataka is the motherland of Veerashaiva religion.

The correct answer is B as There were 12 Alvars who came from different backgrounds and castes. The Nayanars were a group of 63 saints who were devoted to Lord Shiva. The Nayanars were from different castes. 

Ramanuja was born in Tamil Nadu in the eleventh century. He was deeply influenced by the Alvars. He firmly believed that intense devotion to Vishnu was the best means to attain salvation.

• Language: The Ramcharitmanas, composed by Tulsidas, is written in Awadhi language.

• Cultural Significance: Awadhi is a language that holds great cultural significance in Northern India, especially in regions like Uttar Pradesh.


• Literary Tradition: Awadhi has a rich literary tradition, with many poets and writers composing works in this language.


• Devotional Literature: Many devotional works, including the Ramcharitmanas, have been written in Awadhi, reflecting the deep spiritual and cultural roots of the language.

• Religious Text: Ramcharitmanas is considered a sacred text by followers of Hinduism, particularly devotees of Lord Rama.


• Musical Tradition: Many compositions based on verses from Ramcharitmanas have been set to music, contributing to the rich musical heritage of India.


• Philosophical Insights: The Ramcharitmanas contains profound philosophical insights and teachings on dharma, righteousness, and devotion.

By being written in Awadhi, the Ramcharitmanas has not only preserved the cultural and literary heritage of the language but has also contributed significantly to the spiritual and philosophical landscape of India.

 Shiva, Vishnu and Durga as supreme deities came to be worshipped through elaborate rituals. At the same time, gods and goddesses worshipped in different areas came to be identified with Shiva, Vishnu or Durga.

• Sangam Literature: Sangam literature refers to a collection of Tamil literature created between 600 BCE to 300 CE in ancient Tamilakam, the territory of the ancient Tamil people.


• Themes: The Sangam literature contains poems and prose that cover various themes such as love, war, governance, ethics, and everyday life.


• Divisions: The Sangam literature is broadly classified into two categories - the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) and the Ten Idylls (Pattupattu).


• Significance: Sangam literature is highly regarded for its poetic excellence, cultural insights, and historical significance in understanding the ancient Tamil society.


• Contribution: It has played a crucial role in shaping the Tamil language, literature, and identity, making it an essential part of Tamil culture and heritage.

There were 63 Nayanars who belonged to different caste backgrounds. There were 12 Alvars who came from equally divergent backgrounds.