Chapter Test:Marginalised - CTET & State TET MCQ

Adivasis practise a range of tribal religions that are different from Islam, Hinduism and Christianity. These often involve the worship of ancestors, village and nature spirits, the last associated with and residing in various sites in the landscape – ‘mountain-spirits’, ‘river-spirits’, ‘animal-spirits’, etc.

From the 1830s onward, Adivasis from Jharkhand and adjoining areas moved in very large numbers to various plantations in India and the world - Mauritius, the Caribbean and even Australia. India’s tea industry became possible with their labour in Assam.

The Niyamgiri Hills form a mountain range in the Eastern Indian state of Orissa.
They are home to more than 8,000 of the Dongria Kondh people (Adivasis), whose lifestyle and religion have helped nurture the area’s dense forests and unusually rich wildlife.
At the centre of the struggle was the Dongria’s sacred mountain, the ‘mountain of law’. The Dongrias worship the top of the mountain as the seat of their god and protect the forests there.

The sentence talks about the Adivasi communities. The village spirits are often worshipped at specific sacred groves within the village boundary while the ancestral ones are usually worshipped at home.In addition, Adivasis have always been influenced by different surrounding religions like Shakta, Buddhist, Vaishnav, Bhakti and Christianity.

According to the 2011 population census Adivasis constitute a total population of 104 million. This constitutes 8.6 percent of the Indian population (Census India 2011), making them the world's largest population of Indigenous People.

Tribal's are also referred to as

• Adevasip


• Abivasis


• Adivasis


• Adiviya

Answer: C. Adivasis

Tribal communities in India are commonly referred to as Adivasis. The term "Adivasi" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Adi," which means original or first, and "Vasi," which means inhabitant. It is used to describe indigenous or aboriginal communities who have inhabited the land for centuries and have a distinct cultural identity.

The term Adivasi is widely recognized and accepted to refer to these communities in academic, governmental, and social contexts. It acknowledges their unique history, culture, and struggles, highlighting their marginalized and often disadvantaged position within society.

It is important to respect and understand the terminology used to describe different communities, as language plays a significant role in shaping our perceptions and attitudes towards them.

Location of Niyamgiri Hill in Kalahandi district of Orissa
- Niyamgiri hill is located in the Kalahandi district of Orissa.
- It is a part of the Eastern Ghats mountain range in India.
- The Eastern Ghats extend along the eastern coast of India, covering states like Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and parts of Tamil Nadu.
- Kalahandi district is located in the southwestern part of Orissa, bordering Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh.
- Niyamgiri hill is known for its rich biodiversity and is home to several tribal communities.
- The hill is also significant for its cultural and religious importance to the local communities.
- Niyamgiri hill has gained national and international attention due to the controversy surrounding bauxite mining in the region.
- The indigenous communities living in the area have been fighting to protect their rights and preserve the ecological balance of the hill.
- The Supreme Court of India has upheld the rights of the tribal communities and banned mining activities in the Niyamgiri hill.
- The decision was based on the recognition of the hill as a sacred site and the need to protect the rights and livelihoods of the indigenous communities.
- Niyamgiri hill continues to be a symbol of environmental activism and the struggle for tribal rights in India.

Groups of people or communities may have the experience of being excluded. Their marginalization can be because they speak a different language, follow different customs or belong to a different religious group from the majority community. They may also feel marginalized because they are poor, considered to be of low social status and viewed as being less human than others. The government releases various schemes to gain profit through the influence of these people and groups.

The definition of marginalization is the process of making a group or class of people less important or relegated to a secondary position. When one class of people is grouped together as second class citizens, this is an example of marginalization.

Explanation:
Marginalisation refers to the social process by which certain individuals or groups are pushed to the fringes of society and are denied access to resources, opportunities, and decision-making power. It is a complex issue influenced by various factors. In the social environment, marginalisation can be due to:
Different Language:
- Language barriers can lead to exclusion and marginalisation of individuals who do not speak the dominant language in a particular community or society.
- Limited communication and understanding can hinder social interactions and participation in various social activities, leading to isolation and marginalisation.
Different Religion:
- Religious differences can create divisions in society and result in the marginalisation of individuals or groups who do not adhere to the dominant religious beliefs or practices.
- Discrimination based on religion can limit access to education, employment, and social opportunities, leading to social exclusion.
Minority:
- Minority groups often face marginalisation due to their smaller numbers and lack of representation in positions of power and influence.
- Discrimination and prejudice against minority groups can result in unequal treatment, limited opportunities, and social exclusion.
All of These:
- Marginalisation can occur due to a combination of factors, including different languages, different religions, and being part of a minority group.
- The intersectionality of these factors can intensify the marginalisation experienced by individuals, making it more difficult for them to fully participate in society and access resources and opportunities.
In conclusion, marginalisation in the social environment is influenced by various factors, including different languages, different religions, and being part of a minority group. These factors can contribute to social exclusion, limited opportunities, and unequal treatment, leading to the marginalisation of certain individuals or groups in society.