Chapter Test:The Constitution - 2 - CTET & State TET MCQ

Procedure for amending the Constitution:
To bring about changes in the Constitution, the following procedure needs to be followed:
1. Proposal:
- An amendment can be proposed by either the Parliament or the state legislatures.
- In the case of Parliament, an amendment bill can be introduced in either house (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha).
- In the case of state legislatures, the bill can be introduced in either house (Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council).
2. Approval:
- The amendment bill needs to be approved by a special majority in both houses of Parliament or the state legislatures, depending on where the bill was introduced.
- A special majority means that the bill must be passed by a majority of the total membership of the house and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.
3. Ratification:
- After the bill is passed by Parliament or the state legislatures, it needs to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the states.
- The President gives assent to the bill once it has been ratified by the required number of states.
4. Enactment:
- Once the President gives assent, the amendment becomes a part of the Constitution.
- The amended Constitution governs the country and its citizens.
5. Judicial Review:
- The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review and can strike down any amendment if it violates the basic structure of the Constitution.
Note:
- The procedure for amending the Constitution is laid out in Article 368 of the Indian Constitution.
- The Constitution has been amended multiple times since its adoption in 1950, reflecting the changing needs and aspirations of the country.

D is the correct option.FEDERALISM - DEFINITION
This refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country. In India, we have governments at the state level and at the centre. Panchayati Raj is the third tier of government. While each state in India enjoys autonomy in exercising powers on certain issues, subjects of national concern require that all of these states follow the laws of the central government. The Constitution contains lists that detail the issues that each tier of government can make laws on.

In 2007, the reinstated parliament of Nepal adopted an interim constitution, declaring the country a secular, federal republic and called for an election of a constituent assembly that would write Nepal's first democratic constitution within four years.

Here equality and discrimination are controversial terms as they both can't exist together. the main aim of proposing equality was the removal of discrimination among the citizens of India on the basis of caste, race, sex, religion etc. hence this statement doesn't belong to the constitution.

Definition of Sovereign in Indian Constitution:
1. People of India govern themselves through their elected representatives: The term "sovereign" in the Indian Constitution refers to the concept that the power and authority to govern the country lies with the people of India. They exercise this power through their elected representatives, who are chosen through a democratic process.
2. An independent India, no longer governed by any external authority: The term also signifies that India is a sovereign nation and is not under the control or domination of any external authority or foreign power. It emphasizes the independence and self-determination of the country.
3. No discrimination on the basis of religion: While not explicitly mentioned in the definition of sovereignty, the Indian Constitution upholds the principle of secularism, which means that there should be no discrimination on the basis of religion. This ensures that every citizen of India is treated equally and has the freedom to practice and profess any religion of their choice.
4. Equal opportunities for everyone in the country: Sovereignty also implies that every individual in the country should have equal opportunities and rights. The government is responsible for creating a framework that promotes equality and ensures that all citizens have access to education, healthcare, employment, and other basic necessities.
In summary, the term "sovereign" in the Indian Constitution refers to the idea that the power to govern lies with the people of India, and the country is independent and free from external control. It also encompasses the principles of secularism and equality, ensuring that no discrimination occurs based on religion and that all individuals have equal opportunities.

The Jana Andolan' (People's Movement) officially started on February 18, 1990, which is Democracy day in Nepal.

The Indian constitution was passed by the constituent assembly on 26th November, 1949 and came into effect on 26th January, 1950.

The term Socialist has been inserted in the Constitution of India by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. Even prior to this amendment the idea was implicit in the constitution, in the form of directive principles of state policy and in the words of Preamble, 'Justice social, economic and political' as well as 'Equality- of status and opportunity.' General meaning of socialism implies the control of state over the means of production.

C is the correct option.B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. Challenges before the members of the constituent assembly were : The country was made up of several different communities who spoke different languages, belonged to different religions, and had distinct cultures.

B is the correct option.January 26, 1950, is the day the Constitution of India came into effect. The final draft of the Indian Constitution which is the longest in the world, was adopted on 26 November 1949 after almost 2 years, 11 months an 17 days. It was legally enforced on 26 January 1950, the day that we celebrate as Republic Day ever since.

A country is usually made up of different communities of people who share certain beliefs but may not necessarily agree on all issues. A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed. This includes not only, the type of government but also an agreement on certain ideals that they all believe the country should uphold.

The Indian Constitution begins with a Preamble.
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is an introductory statement that sets out the guiding principles and objectives of the Constitution. It serves as the preface to the Constitution and outlines the aspirations and ideals of the people of India. Here are some key points about the Preamble:
- Importance: The Preamble is considered to be the soul of the Constitution as it reflects the basic features and values of the Indian democracy.
- Content: The Preamble consists of a single paragraph that begins with the words "We, the people of India." It states the objectives of the Constitution, which include justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
- Guiding Principles: The Preamble enshrines the principles of sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. It also emphasizes the unity and integrity of the nation.
- Source of Authority: The Preamble declares that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India. It reflects the democratic nature of the Constitution and establishes that power rests with the people.
- Amendment: The Preamble has been amended only once in the history of the Indian Constitution. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 added the words "secular" and "socialist" to the Preamble.
The Preamble sets the tone and objectives for the entire Constitution, serving as a guiding light for the interpretation and implementation of its provisions. It reflects the aspirations of the people and the spirit of the nation, making it an essential part of the Indian Constitution.

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Some constitutions (such as the constitution of the United Kingdom) are uncodified, but written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties.

A preamble is an introductory statement in a document that explains the document's philosophy and objectives.

Key Features of the Indian Constitution:
1. Defines the powers of Indian legislature, executive, and judiciary:
- The Indian Constitution clearly outlines the powers and functions of the three branches of the government - legislature, executive, and judiciary.
- The legislature is responsible for making laws, the executive implements these laws, and the judiciary ensures their interpretation and enforcement.
2. Indian constitution cannot be amended:
- This statement is inappropriate as the Indian Constitution can be amended.
- The Constitution provides provisions for its amendment through a defined process.
- Amendments can be made by the Parliament using a special majority or through the process of a constitutional convention.
3. One of the lengthiest constitutions of the world:
- The Indian Constitution is indeed one of the lengthiest constitutions in the world.
- It consists of a Preamble and 470 articles divided into 25 parts, along with 12 schedules and 5 appendices.
4. Contains special provisions to safeguard the interests of the weaker sections of backward classes of society:
- The Indian Constitution includes various provisions to protect the rights and interests of marginalized and backward sections of the society.
- These provisions aim to promote social justice, equality, and inclusive development.
Therefore, option B, which states that the Indian constitution cannot be amended, is inappropriate as it does not reflect the reality.

.Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the President of the Constituent Assembly. It was composed for the purpose of drafting and adopting a constitution. The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on December 9, 1946. Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha, the oldest member, was elected as the temporary President of the Assembly.  Later, on December 11, 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad and H C Mukherjee were elected as the President and Vice-President of the Assembly respectively. 

Correct option is B. A constitution is framed to protect the interests of the higher and influential section of the society.

A constitution is typically designed to provide a framework for the governance of a country that ensures fairness, justice, and protection of the rights and interests of all citizens, not just the higher and influential sections of society. Constitutions aim to establish a balanced and equitable system that safeguards the rights of every individual, promoting social harmony and justice.

Answer:
The correct answer is A: Right to freedom of religion.
Explanation:
Fundamental rights are the basic human rights that are recognized and protected by the constitution of a country. In this case, the fundamental right among the given options is the right to freedom of religion. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Right to freedom of religion:
- This fundamental right grants individuals the freedom to practice any religion of their choice.
- It includes the freedom to propagate, profess, and practice one's religion.
- The state cannot discriminate against any individual based on their religion.
- This right is protected by the constitution to ensure religious freedom and harmony in society.
- Right to property:
- This right was initially recognized as a fundamental right but was later removed from the list of fundamental rights in many countries.
- However, the right to property may still be protected under certain circumstances, but it is not considered a fundamental right in many jurisdictions.
- Right to work:
- The right to work is not specifically recognized as a fundamental right in most countries.
- However, the right to work is often indirectly protected under other fundamental rights such as the right to equality, right to life, and right to livelihood.
- All of these:
- This option is incorrect as not all the given options are fundamental rights.
- Only option A, the right to freedom of religion, is considered a fundamental right.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Right to freedom of religion.

Statement in the Preamble of Indian Constitution:
The correct statement in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution is:
India is a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic.
Explanation:
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is an introductory statement that outlines the guiding principles and objectives of the Constitution. It begins with the phrase "We, the people of India" and highlights the aspirations of the Indian citizenry. The Preamble was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949.
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution includes the following key points:
1. Sovereign: India is a sovereign nation, which means it is independent and free from external control or influence.
2. Socialist: India is committed to achieving social and economic justice and the equitable distribution of wealth. The term "socialist" was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.
3. Secular: India is a secular country that ensures equal treatment and respect for all religions. It maintains a separation between religion and the state, and individuals have the freedom to practice and promote their religion.
4. Democratic: India is a democratic country where the power lies with the people. The citizens have the right to elect their representatives through free and fair elections.
5. Republic: India is a republic where the head of state is an elected individual, i.e., the President. The President represents the country and is not a hereditary monarch.
Therefore, the correct statement in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution is "India is a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic."