ESE (ME) Paper I Mock Test - 2 - Mechanical Engineering MCQ

Quality can be understood by breaking a product or service down into a number of individual features or characteristics. Quality principles are being widely applied not just to products, but also to services and processes. The basic quality characteristics of the product are sensory characteristics, structural characteristics, statistical characteristics and time oriented characteristics.

Sensory quality involves an evaluation like taste, smell, appearance, and texture, among other attributes, structural quality covers factors such as, group size and staff training/education, statistical quality control covers control charts and time oriented characteristics covers improvement on product over time. 

Hence the correct option is (A).

The basic rights of engineers include the right to live freely and pursue their legitimate interests as any human being, along with the right to be against racial or sexual discrimination, receiving one’s salary according to the work, choosing of political activities, etc., as other employees. Besides all of them, engineers have some special rights as professionals.

The rights that engineers have as professionals are called Professional Rights. These professional rights include −

• The basic right of professional conscience.
• The right of conscientious refusal.
• The right of professional recognition.

The equation of ellipse,

Ellipticity

Then,

...(i)

By the above formula

The length of major axis

The length of the chord of the directrix

Then, required ratio

Japan is scheduled to introduce new banknotes, incorporating state-of-the-art holography technology that creates the illusion of rotating historical portraits in 3D. These banknotes will also feature tactile marks to aid visually impaired individuals in identifying different denominations by touch. The introduction of these advanced security features aims to enhance the authenticity and security of Japan's currency while existing banknotes will continue to remain valid post their issuance.

• India is on a mission to drill a 6-kilometer deep hole in Koyna, Maharashtra, aiming to uncover seismic insights. Scientific deep-drilling involves strategically digging boreholes to observe and analyze deeper parts of the earth’s crust. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Scientific deep-drilling helps to study earthquakes and enhances understanding of the planet’s history, rock types, energy resources, life forms, climate change patterns, and the evolution of life. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Given,
1 + cos α + i sin α

Let

Equating real and imaginary parts, we get

Squaring and adding and , we get

Primary green house gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide and ozone. Carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions from the sector, but smaller amounts of methane and nitrous oxide are also emitted. These gases are released during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, to produce electricity. Water vapour is also an effective greenhouse gas, as it does absorb longwave radiation and radiates it back to the surface, thus contributing to warming. When compared to other greenhouse gases, water vapour stays in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time.

• Indifferent Quality: Quality that the customer does not notice or appreciate. For example: Paint thickness over a car.
• Expected quality: Quality that customer expects and demands. For example: Cooling performance of an air-conditioner.
• One-dimensional quality: Quality that the customer expects but that does not necessarily result in loss of the order or a displeased customer when found lacking in the product. For example: The life of tyres of a car.
• Exciting quality: Quality that exceeds customer expectations attracting favourable attention. For example: The effectiveness of voice based assistants (like Siri, Cortona) in smart phones.

Hence the correct option is (B).

Given:
SI = Rs 3800 and T = 6
We know that,

P =  Principal, R =  Rate, T = Time

Let the rate be r%.

According to the question,

Now, the rate of interest is increased by 8%
New rate = (r + 8) 

Interest

⇒ Interest

Here, two variables are unknown in one equation so we cannot determine the solution.

A computer virus is a type of malicious code or program written to change the way a computer operates.

• It is designed to spread from one computer to another.
• A virus operates by inserting or attaching itself to a legitimate program or document that supports macros in order to execute its code.
• In the process, a virus has the potential to cause unexpected or damaging effects, such as harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.

Solid material chemical bonds are ionic, covalent bond and metallic bond.

The atoms and molecules are held together by strong mutual forces of attraction. These interatomic forces are electrostatic in nature and depend upon the electronic structure of the element. Binding forces between atoms and molecules are known as chemical bonds. 

lonic bond is the strong electrostatic attraction between cation and anion. Covalent bonds are one in which there is a sharing of one or more electrons from the adjacent atoms. A metallic bond is formed by the partial sharing of valence electrons by the neighbouring atoms. The atoms in metals and alloys are held together by such bonds.

• Mozilla Firefox is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation.  
• CC mail store is a forward LAN based email system developed by Microsoft MS-Dos.  
• Eudora is an email client that was used on the Classic Mac OS to software Windows operating system.  
• Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager from Microsoft and is an email client. 

Forex reserves can increase even in case of current account deficit if the capital inflows during that period are greater than the current account deficit. Reserves of foreign exchange are accumulated when a country has an overall balance of payments surplus. So, statement 2 is not correct.

Alternatively, the country could engage in official reserve transactions, running down its reserves of foreign exchange, in the case of a deficit by selling foreign currency in the foreign exchange market. The decrease in official reserves is called the overall balance of payments deficit India's forex reserves comprise foreign currency assets (FCAs), gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and India's reserve position with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). So, statement 1 is not correct.

Frictional unemployment is a type of unemployment that arises when workers are searching for new jobs or are transitioning from one job to another. It is part of natural unemployment and hence is present even when the economy is considered at full employment. So, statement 1 is correct.

In a recession, frictional unemployment tends to fall as workers have less confidence to wait for a better job. They are more likely to stay in their current job or take the first job that comes along. So, statement 2 is correct.

In a sampling inspection plan, the items or units produced/manufactured by the producer are formed in lots. The average quality level of the lots is set by the producer and the consumer through negotiation and the producer sends the lots to the consumer for inspection. The quality of the lots before the inspection is known as incoming quality.

The average total inspection depends on the incoming quality, the probability that the lot will be accepted, and the sample and lot sizes. The average number of items inspected for a series of lots in order to make a decision is the average sample number. The average quality level of a series of batches that leave the inspection station after coming in for inspection at a certain quality level is the average outgoing quality limit.

Hence the correct option is (B).

The SDR is an international reserve asset, created by the IMF in 1969 to supplement its member countries’ official reserves. The value of the SDR is not directly determined by supply and demand in the market but is set daily by the IMF on the basis of market exchange rates between the currencies included in the SDR basket. The value of the SDR is based on a basket of five currencies - the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Chinese Renminbi, the Japanese Yen, and the British pound sterling. So, statement 2 is not correct. 

The SDR serves as the unit of account of the IMF and some other international organizations. The SDR is neither a currency nor a claim on the IMF. So, statement 1 is not correct. Rather, it is a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members. 

SDRs can be exchanged for these currencies. The SDR basket is reviewed every five years, or earlier if warranted, to ensure that the SDR reflects the relative importance of currencies in the world’s trading and financial systems. Criteria for inclusion in the SDR basket include: The issuer of currency is an IMF member or a monetary union, which includes IMF members, who are one of the top five exporters of the world. Determined to be a “freely usable” currency by the IMF: Currency is widely used to make payments for international transactions and widely traded in the principal exchange markets. So, statement 3 is not correct.

Average of A, B, C, D and E is 40 years.

So, (A+B+C+C+E)/5 = 40

 A+B+C+D+E=200 
 A+B=70 
 C+D=84 
 E=200-70-84 
 E=200-154 
 E=46
So, The age of E is 46 years.

Equation of lines are: x + y - 3 = 0  and x - y + 3 = 0

∴ Slopes of the above lines are -1 and 1 respectively.

Since product of their slope is -1. 

∴ Angle between these lines is  90° ⇒ α​​​​​​​ = 90°

Also, angle between the lines: x - √​​​​​​​3y + 2√3 = 0  and √3x - y +1 = 0

The gain or profit from the sale of assets is classified as a capital gain. ​Short Term Capital Gains Tax (STCG) is the tax levied on profits generated from the sale of an asset which is held for a government-defined short period is called short-term capital gains tax. The short term period differs for various items - for example, it is 24 months or less in the case of immovable property such as land and building and 12 months or less for equity, bonds, government securities etc. So, statement 1 is not correct.

The Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is a type of direct tax which is levied at the time of purchase and sale of securities listed on stock exchanges in India. Securities are tradable investment instruments such as shares, bonds, debentures, equity-oriented mutual funds (MFs) and so on and are issued either by companies or by the Indian government. This tax was introduced in the Union Budget of 2004. The Securities Transaction Tax (STT) was introduced in India in the Budget of 2004 to curb tax avoidance on capital gains. On the other hand, Capital gains for securities are levied on the gains made from the sale of securities and not on the transaction as in the case of STT. However, both of them fall under the category of direct taxes. So, statement 2 is not correct.

Maharashtra was officially formed as a separate state on May 1st, 1960, which is celebrated annually as Maharashtra Day or Maharashtra Diwas. This date marks the division of the former Bombay Presidency into Maharashtra and Gujarat following the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, which aimed to create states based on linguistic boundaries. It holds immense cultural significance for the Marathi people, symbolizing their unity, resilience, and heritage.

Ozone is formed throughout the atmosphere in multistep chemical processes that require sunlight. In the stratosphere, the process begins with an oxygen molecule (O₂) being broken apart by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. In the lower atmosphere (troposphere), ozone is formed by a different set of chemical reactions that involve naturally occurring gases and those from pollution sources. Ozone abundances in the stratosphere and troposphere are determined by the balance between chemical processes that produce and destroy ozone. The balance is determined by the amounts of reactive gases and how the rate or effectiveness of the various reactions varies with sunlight intensity, location in the atmosphere, temperature, and other factors. As atmospheric conditions change to favour ozone-producing reactions in a certain location, ozone abundances increase. Similarly, if conditions change to favour other reactions that destroy ozone, abundances decrease. Global ozone has decreased during the past several decades because the amounts of reactive gases containing chlorine and bromine have increased in the stratosphere due to human activities.

Importance of ozone:

• The ozone layer acts as a filter for the shorter wavelength and highly hazardous ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun, protecting life on Earth from its potentially harmful effects.
• When the sky is clear, there is an inverse relationship between stratospheric ozone and solar UVR measured at the Earth’s surface. That is, the lower the ozone levels, the higher the solar UVR.

Leontief paradox:

• Leontief paradox model was given by Wassily W Leontief in the year 1953. He suggested that the United States had an abundance of capital and the country should export more capital-intensive goods.
• Although, he noticed that the data showed that the United States was importing capital-intensive goods.
• Keeping in mind Heckscher-Ohlin's theory US should have imported labor-intensive goods instead of capital-intensive goods. His analysis was called Leontief paradox as his theory was the opposite of Heckscher-Ohlin's theory.

A person who breaks into the computer system to get access to the information stored there for unauthorised use is called Hacker.

An example of computer hacking can be: using a password cracking algorithm to gain access to a computer system.

Computers have become mandatory to run successful businesses. 

It is not enough to have isolated computer systems; they need to be networked to facilitate communication with external businesses.

This exposes them to the outside world and hacking. System hacking means using computers to commit fraudulent acts such as fraud, privacy invasion, stealing corporate/personal data, etc. 

Cybercrimes cost many organizations millions of dollars every year.

The two most widely used Six Sigma methodologies are DMAIC and DMADV. Both methods are designed so a business process will be more efficient and effective. 

DMADV is applied to new processes to make sure that they achieve Six Sigma quality. Six Sigma sets extremely ambitious goals to minimize the occurrence of flaws in products and services. The letters in the abbreviation DMADV stand for "define, measure, analyze, design, verify," the steps in the ordered process.

DMADV is used instead of DMAIC(Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) when demands of customers with regard to quality can not be satisfied by existing process. DMAIC is used on a product or process that already exists but is no longer meeting customer needs and/or specifications. When there is no existing product, DMADV can be implemented to design the product or process.

Hence the correct option is (B).

The National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) in Bengaluru has been awarded the prestigious Nelson Mandela Award for Health Promotion for 2024 by the World Health Organization (WHO). This recognition highlights NIMHANS' exceptional dedication and contributions to promoting mental health and well-being. Established by WHO in 2019, the Nelson Mandela Award for Health Promotion acknowledges institutions that demonstrate outstanding efforts in advancing health promotion initiatives, reflecting NIMHANS' significant impact in the field of mental health advocacy and promotion.

Measures To Control Inflation: The Government reviews the price situation regularly and has taken a number of measures from time to time to stabilize prices of food items. In the wake of rising prices of pulses, onion and potato, the Government has taken several steps to improve the availability of these commodities and make them available to consumers at affordable prices.

These include:

• Banning the export of onion by imposing Minimum Export price. So, statement 1 is correct.
• Imposition of stock limit on onion under the EC Act to prevent hoarding  Easing of restrictions on imports, So, statement 2 is correct.
• facilitating imports at integrated check-posts, issuance of licenses for imports and reduction in import duties. So, statement 3 is incorrect.
• These measures have resulted in increased imports of onion, tur dal and Masur dal in the country and resultant cooling of prices.

Given:

40% girls and 92.5% girls pay fees

60% boys and 85% of boys pay fees

Let the total number of the students be 100

Number of girls = 40

Number of girls paid fees  = 92.5%of 40 = 37

Number of boys = 60

Number of boys paid fees  = 85% of  60 = 51

Number of student that didn't paid the fees

 = 100 - (37+ 51) = 12 

And according to question,

12 = 180

Then,

⇒ 1 = 15

So the number of students  = 15 x 100 = 1500

Number of students pay fees  = 15 x 88 = 1320

The number of students that gets scholarship
= (1/2) x 1320 = 660

Moral dilemma is a situation in which, whatever choice is made, the agent commits a wrong Moral dilemma often test our character and commitment to a greatest good. Moral dilemmas are situations in which the decision-maker must consider two or more moral values or duties but can only honor one of them thus, the individual will violate at least one important moral concern, regardless of the decision.

• An embedded system is a microprocessor-based computer hardware system with software that is designed to perform a dedicated function, either as an independent system or as a part of a large system.
• At the core is an integrated circuit designed to carry out computation for real-time operations.
• Embedded systems are managed by microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), GPU technology, and gate arrays.
• These processing systems are integrated with components dedicated to handling electric and/or mechanical interfacing.
• Some examples of embedded systems are MP3 players, mobile phones, video game consoles, digital cameras, DVD players, and GPS.

The materials which show direction dependent properties are called Anisotropic materials. Anisotropic materials are direction-dependent mediums that are made up of unsymmetrical crystalline structures. In other words, the mechanical properties of anisotropic materials depend on the orientation of the material's body.

Homogeneous material are those which have same properties at all points.

Isotropic materials are those which have same elastic properties in all direction.

Viscoelastic materials are those which have liquid and a solid material properties, and also has a time-dependent strain.