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General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) Solved MCQs UPSC


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) (25 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for UPSC General Science(Prelims) by IRS Divey Sethi with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "General Science - MCQ Online Test (1)". These 25 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of UPSC 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 30 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 25

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General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 1
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 The deficiency of which of the following leads to dental caries ? 

Detailed Solution: Question 1

Deficiency Leading to Dental Caries:
- Answer: B: Fluorine

Explanation:
- Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, occur when the hard, outer layer of the tooth (enamel) is damaged.
- Fluorine, in the form of fluoride, is an essential mineral for maintaining strong and healthy teeth.
- A deficiency of fluoride can lead to dental caries because it plays a crucial role in:
1. Remineralization: Fluoride helps to rebuild and strengthen tooth enamel by aiding in the remineralization process, which is the natural repair mechanism for tooth enamel.
2. Preventing demineralization: Fluoride inhibits the demineralization process, which is caused by acids produced by bacteria in plaque. This helps to protect teeth from decay.
3. Reducing bacterial activity: Fluoride can also reduce the ability of bacteria to produce acid, further protecting teeth from decay.

- It is important to ensure an adequate intake of fluoride through sources such as fluoridated water, toothpaste, mouthwashes, and, if necessary, dietary supplements. This helps to maintain optimal oral health and prevent dental caries.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 2
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Carotene in Indian cow's milk causes?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

Answer: d. Yellow colourExplanation:- Carotene is a natural pigment found in certain plants and animal products, including Indian cow's milk.- This pigment is responsible for the deep yellow to orange colour in various fruits, vegetables, and other food items, such as carrots, pumpkins, and sweet potatoes.- In Indian cow's milk, the presence of carotene gives the milk a distinct yellow colour.- Carotene is a precursor to Vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining good vision, immune system function, and overall health.- The yellow colour of the milk does not affect its nutritional value, and in fact, carotene-rich milk is considered to be beneficial for health due to its Vitamin A content.

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General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 3
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Plants that grow in saline water are known as :

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Answer: C. HalophytesExplanation:
  • Halophytes are plants that can tolerate and grow in saline water or high salt concentrations in the soil.
  • They have developed special adaptations to survive in these harsh conditions, such as salt excretion through their leaves, salt accumulation in specialized cells, and the ability to maintain osmotic balance.
  • Examples of halophytes include mangroves, seagrasses, and some species of salt marsh plants.
  • Hydrophytes, on the other hand, are plants adapted to grow in water or very wet environments, while thallophytes are a diverse group of non-vascular plants such as algae and fungi. Mesophytes are plants that grow in moderately moist conditions.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 4
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In the context of genetic code, consider the following statements:

A.    Although an amino acid may have two or more codons, each codon specifies only one amino acid.

B.    Amino acid codons are identical in human beings, tobacco plants and viruses.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Answer: CExplanation:Both statements A and B are correct. Let's break down each statement:Statement A:- Each codon specifies only one amino acid: This statement is correct. The genetic code is based on a set of three nucleotide bases (a triplet) that correspond to a specific amino acid. While it is true that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (this is called degeneracy), each codon only codes for one specific amino acid.Statement B:- Amino acid codons are identical in human beings, tobacco plants, and viruses: This statement is also correct. The genetic code is said to be universal, meaning that it is almost the same in all organisms, from bacteria to humans. While there are some rare exceptions, the genetic code is generally conserved throughout all living organisms. This means that the same codons code for the same amino acids in humans, plants, and viruses.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 5
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 In protein synthesis in E. coli. When each amino acid is attached to a specific to RNA at the expense of ATP energy, the ion of which one of the following elements is used?

Detailed Solution: Question 5

Explanation:In protein synthesis in E. coli, when each amino acid is attached to a specific tRNA at the expense of ATP energy, the ion of the following element is used:- Magnesium (Mg2+): Magnesium ions play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the enzymes involved in this process. They help stabilize the structures of tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, allowing for the correct attachment of amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules. Additionally, magnesium ions facilitate the hydrolysis of ATP, which provides the energy needed for this reaction to take place.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 6
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Sodium vapour lamps are preferred over incandescent lamp because of

Detailed Solution: Question 6

Higher Intensity of Illumination:

Sodium vapor lamps are preferred over incandescent lamps mainly because of their higher intensity of illumination. Some reasons for this preference include:

  • Efficiency: Sodium vapor lamps are more energy-efficient in comparison to incandescent lamps, meaning they produce more light per watt of electricity consumed.
  • Longevity: The lifespan of sodium vapor lamps is significantly longer than that of incandescent lamps, reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance.
  • Color Rendering: Sodium vapor lamps produce a very distinct yellow-orange light, which can be more suitable for certain applications like street lighting, where the focus is on visibility and not color accuracy.
  • Low Operating Cost: Due to their energy efficiency and long life, the overall cost of operating sodium vapor lamps is lower than that of incandescent lamps.

While sodium vapor lamps do have some drawbacks, such as their warm-up time and limited color rendering capabilities, their higher intensity of illumination makes them a popular choice for various lighting applications.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 7
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In an ordinary dry cell, the electrolyte is

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Answer: B. Ammonium chlorideExplanation:In an ordinary dry cell battery, the different components have specific functions:- Electrolyte: Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) - Ammonium chloride is a salt that acts as the electrolyte in dry cell batteries. It facilitates the flow of ions between the anode and cathode, which is essential for the battery to function.- Anode: Zinc (Zn) - In a dry cell, the zinc container acts as the anode. It is the negative electrode, which provides electrons to the external circuit during discharge.- Cathode: Manganese dioxide (MnO2) - Manganese dioxide serves as the cathode, or positive electrode, in a dry cell. It receives electrons from the external circuit during discharge and reacts with the ammonium ions in the electrolyte.- Other components: Carbon rod and separator - A carbon rod is used as a current collector in the cathode, while a separator is used to prevent direct contact between the anode and cathode, thus preventing a short circuit.In summary, the electrolyte in an ordinary dry cell is ammonium chloride, which plays a crucial role in facilitating the flow of ions and enabling the battery to function.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 8
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Which of the following pairs of materials serves as electrodes in chargeable batteries commonly used in devices such as torch lights, electric shavers etc. ?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

 Nickel and cadmium are the electrodes used in nickel-cadmium (NiCd) rechargeable batteries, which are commonly found in devices like torch lights and electric shavers. Iron and cadmium are not typical for rechargeable batteries used in such devices. Lead peroxide and lead are used in lead-acid batteries (such as car batteries), while zinc and carbon are found in non-rechargeable batteries like those used in remote controls. Therefore, the correct answer is Nickel and cadmium.
Hence, the Correct answer is Option C.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 9
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The mixed oxide fuel is used for which of the following?

Detailed Solution: Question 9

Mixed oxide fuel is primarily used in nuclear reactors. It is a combination of uranium and plutonium oxides, which serves as a replacement for low-enriched uranium fuel. Here are key points about its usage:

  • Provides an efficient way to use plutonium, reducing nuclear waste.
  • Enhances the sustainability of nuclear fuel cycles.
  • Helps in the management of plutonium stockpiles.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 10
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 Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by 

Detailed Solution: Question 10

Explanation:

Acid rain is caused by the pollution of the environment by:

  • Nitrous oxide (NOx): This gas is released from various human activities, such as burning fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes.
  • Sulphur dioxide (SO2): This gas is primarily released from the burning of coal and oil in power plants and other industrial processes, as well as from volcanic eruptions and other natural sources.

When these gases are released into the atmosphere, they react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form acidic compounds. These compounds then fall back to the Earth's surface as acid rain, which can have harmful effects on soil, water, forests, and aquatic life.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 11
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The clouds float in the atmosphere because of their

Detailed Solution: Question 11

Answer: A. DensityExplanation:- Clouds are composed of tiny water droplets or ice crystals that are suspended in the atmosphere.- These water droplets and ice crystals are lighter than the surrounding air, which is why they can float.- The density of the cloud particles is lower than the density of the surrounding air, which allows them to stay suspended in the atmosphere.- The buoyancy force, which is the force that opposes gravity, helps keep the cloud particles afloat. This force is directly proportional to the density difference between the cloud particles and the surrounding air.- The temperature, velocity, and pressure of the clouds also play a role in their behavior, but it is primarily the density difference that allows them to float in the atmosphere.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 12
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End product in fermentation is

Detailed Solution: Question 12

Answer: C: Ethyl alcoholExplanation:- Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, convert carbohydrates (e.g., sugar) into simpler compounds like acids, gases, or alcohols, under anaerobic conditions (without the presence of oxygen).- The most common end product of fermentation is ethyl alcohol (also known as ethanol) and carbon dioxide.- This process is widely used in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, and spirits, as well as in the production of biofuels and some industrial chemicals.- In the specific case of yeast fermentation, the following reaction occurs: C6H12O6 (glucose) → 2 C2H5OH (ethyl alcohol) + 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide)- Other fermentation processes may yield different end products, such as lactic acid in lactate fermentation or acetic acid in acetate fermentation. However, ethyl alcohol is the most common end product in fermentation.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 13
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Chemical that is used in photography

Detailed Solution: Question 13

Answer: B: Silver bromideExplanation:Role of Silver Bromide in Photography:
  • Photographic film: Silver bromide is a light-sensitive compound that is widely used in the production of photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver ions in silver bromide crystals are reduced to metallic silver, creating a visible image.
  • Black and white photography: In black and white photography, silver bromide is used as the primary light-sensitive material. When the film is developed, the exposed silver bromide crystals are reduced to metallic silver, creating a visible image. The unexposed crystals are then removed through a fixing process, leaving behind a stable, black and white image.
  • Photographic paper: Silver bromide is also used in the production of photographic paper, which is used to make prints of photographic negatives. The paper is coated with a light-sensitive emulsion containing silver bromide, which reacts to the light projected through the negative during the printing process, creating a visible image on the paper.
Overall, silver bromide is a crucial chemical used in the field of photography due to its light-sensitive properties, which enable the creation of images on photographic film and paper.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 14
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 Which gas is used in domestic refrigerators?

Detailed Solution: Question 14

Answer: C. AmmoniaExplanation:- Ammonia (NH3) is commonly used as the refrigerant gas in domestic refrigerators.- This is because ammonia has several desirable properties for refrigeration systems: - Low boiling point: Ammonia's low boiling point allows it to absorb heat efficiently and provide effective cooling. - High thermal conductivity: This property enables ammonia to transfer heat effectively, making it a good choice for cooling systems. - Non-flammable: Unlike some other refrigerant gases, ammonia is not flammable, which reduces the risk of fire in refrigeration systems. - Environmentally friendly: Ammonia has zero ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential, making it an environmentally responsible choice for refrigeration.- However, ammonia is also toxic and has a strong odor, so it must be used in well-ventilated areas and contained within the refrigeration system.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 15
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Match sticks are made of

Detailed Solution: Question 15

Answer: A. Red phosphorus

Explanation:

  • Match sticks are made using red phosphorus, which is a component of the match head.
  • Red phosphorus is a highly reactive and flammable chemical element that provides the necessary ignition for the match to light when struck against a suitable surface.
  • Along with red phosphorus, other chemicals like potassium chlorate, sulfur, and glue are also used in the match head to ensure proper ignition and burning.
  • Blue phosphorus and lead nitrate are not used in making match sticks, and therefore options B and C are incorrect.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 16
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  When a particle or a body moves with a uniform speed v on a circular path of radius r, then it is acted upon by a force mv2/r which is always directed 

Detailed Solution: Question 16

Ans: a

Explanation: When a particle or a body moves with a uniform speed v on a circular path of radius r, then it is acted upon by a force mv2/r which is always directed towards the centre of the circle. This force is called centripetal force

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 17
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 The value of escape velocity depends upon 

Detailed Solution: Question 17

Ans: b

Explanation: The value of escape velocity does not depend upon the mass of the projected body; instead it depends on the mass and radius of the planet from which it is being projected. The value of escape velocity does not depend on the angle and direction of projection

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 18
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Consider the following about Fuse Wire and choose the incorrect statement:

  1. It is a thin wire having low resistance.
  2. It is used in a circuit to control the minimum current flowing in a circuit.

It is made up of a material with high melting point

Detailed Solution: Question 18

Ans: d

Explantion: Fuse Wire is used in a circuit to control the maximum current flowing in a circuit. It is a thin wire having high resistance and is made up of a material with low melting point.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 19
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When a lawn roller is pulled by applying a force along the handle at an acute angle, work done by the applied force is 

Detailed Solution: Question 19

Ans: c

Explanation: When a lawn roller is pulled by applying a force along the handle at an acute angle, work done by applied force is (+) ve.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 20
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Which mirrors are commonly used as rear-view (wing) mirrors in vehicles:

Detailed Solution: Question 20

Ans: b

Explanation: Convex mirrors are commonly used as rear-view (wing) mirrors in vehicles. These mirrors are fitted on the sides of the vehicle, enabling the driver to see traffic behind him/her to facilitate safe driving. Convex mirrors are preferred because they always give an erect, though diminished, image. Also, they have a wider field of view as they are curved outwards. Thus, convex mirrors enable the driver to view much large area than would be possible with a plane mirror.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 21
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 An air bubble in water behaves as a 

Detailed Solution: Question 21

Explanation:An air bubble in water behaves as a concave lens due to the following reasons:- Refractive indices: The refractive index of air is lower than that of water. When light passes through the air bubble, it moves from a medium of higher refractive index (water) to a medium of lower refractive index (air), and then back into the water.- Light bending: Due to the difference in refractive indices, light rays bend away from the normal (the imaginary line perpendicular to the surface) when entering the air bubble, and then bend towards the normal when exiting the air bubble. This bending causes the light rays to diverge, which is a characteristic of concave lenses.- Shape of the air bubble: The air bubble is usually spherical in shape. When light passes through the curved surface of the air bubble, it results in the divergence of the light rays similar to a concave lens.In conclusion, an air bubble in water behaves as a concave lens due to the difference in refractive indices of air and water, the bending of light rays, and the spherical shape of the air bubble.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 22
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Consider the following statements:

  1. If the lens is immersed in a medium having refractive index equal to that of the lens, then it behaves as a concave lens.
  2. If the lens is immersed in a medium having refractive index equal to that of the lens, then it becomes invisible.
  3. If the lens is immersed in a medium having refractive index equal to that of the lens, then its focal length becomes half.

Choose the correct option:

Detailed Solution: Question 22

Ans: b

Explanation: If the lens is immersed in a medium having refractive index equal to that of the lens, then

The lens becomes invisible.

The lens behaves as a plane glass plate.

The focal length becomes infinite.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 23
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What is true about Sound waves?

Detailed Solution: Question 23

Ans: a

Explanation: Sound travels in the form of waves. Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Thus, they do not exhibit polarisation.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 24
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Which among the following is true?

Detailed Solution: Question 24

Ans: b

Explanation: Amplitude – the maximum displacement on one side of mean position of a particle of medium, is called the amplitude of the wave.

Time period -the time taken by a particle of the medium to complete its one vibration in called the time period of the wave.

Frequency -the number of vibrations made by a particle is called the frequency of the wave.

Wave velocity - the distance travelled by a wave in one second is travelled by a wave in one second is called wave velocity.

Wavelength - the distance travelled by a wave in one time period of a medium is called its wavelength.

General Science - MCQ Online Test (1) - Question 25
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Tension in the string of simple pendulum is 

Detailed Solution: Question 25

Ans: b

Explanation: Tension in the string of simple pendulum is always perpendicular to the displacement of the bob, hence it is zero.

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