HPSC PGT Physics Mock Test - 10 Free Online Test 2026

The correct answer is Sun.

Key Points

• Renewable source of energy:
  • Renewable energy is useful energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, including carbon-neutral sources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.
  • This type of energy source stands in contrast to fossil fuels, which are being used far more quickly than they are being replenished.
  • Although most renewable energy is sustainable energy, some are not, for example, some biomass is unsustainable.
  • Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air, and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
• Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth, and geothermal heat, as the International Energy Agency explains.
• Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly.
• In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth.
• Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels, and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.
• Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits.
• It would also reduce environmental pollution such as air pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels and improve public health, reduce premature mortalities due to pollution and save associated health costs that amount to several hundred billion dollars annually only in the United States.
• Renewable energy sources, that derive their energy from the sun, either directly or indirectly, such as hydro and wind, are expected to be capable of supplying humanity energy for almost another 1 billion years, at which point the predicted increase in heat from the Sun is expected to make the surface of the Earth too hot for liquid water to exist.

The correct answer is Shamsuddin Iltutmish.

Key Points

• Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211 AD-1236 AD)
  • He was a slave of Qutubuddin Aibak and occupied the throne of Delhi in 1211 AD after deposing Aram Bakhsh.
  • He regarded as the ‘real founder of the Slave Dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate’ because he freed the Delhi Sultanate from the claim of suzerainty by the rulers of Ghazni.
  • He made Delhi the capital in place of Lahore.
  • He saved Delhi Sultanate from the wrath of Changez Khan by refusing shelter to Khwarizm Shah, whom Changez Khan was chasing.
  • He got his authority (Sultanate of Delhi) recognised by the Caliph of Baghdad (Khalifa) as a member of the world fraternity of Islamic states.
  • He completed the construction of Qutub Minar.
  • He constituted a group of 40 nobles known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani or Chalisa.
  • He started the Iqta-dar system in Delhi Sultanate. This is an assignment of land in lieu of salary, which he distributed to his officers.
  • He introduced the silver coin (tanka) and the copper coin (jital).
  • He patronised Minhaj-al-Siraj, author of Tabaqat-i-Nasiri.
  • Shamsuddin Iltutmish is known as the real founder of the Slave dynasty.

Additional Information

• Qutubuddin Aibak was the founder of the slave dynasty.
• Aram Shah was the son of Qutubuddin Aibak.
• Razia Sultan was the first and last Muslim woman ruler of Medieval India.

The correct answer is 2 i.e. Bolsheviks.

Some facts about the Russian Socialist Democratic party(RSDP):

• The formation was the party that happened in 1898.
• The party followed Marxist ideas, believing the industrial working class, not peasants, would bring about revolution.
• The party ideas were based on the philosophies of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, namely that despite Russia's agrarian life, the real radical potential extended with the industrial working class.
• They played an important role in the politics of Russia at that time and they also won few seats in the elections.
• It was mainly divided into two groups - Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
• The following table will help you to understand them better:

The correct answer is A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV.

Key Points

• Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi is in Panipat.
  • He was the sultan of Lodi dynasty.
  • Ibrahim Lodi's tomb is actually situated near the tehsil office in Panipat, close to the Dargah of Sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar.
  • It is a simple rectangular structure on a high platform approached by a flight of steps.
• Tomb of Sheikh Chilli is in Thanesar, it includes two tombs, Mughal gardens and other structures.
• Gujari Mahal is in Hisar.
• Sheesh Mahal is in Farrukhnagar.
  • It was built by Faujdar khan.
  • The Sheesh Mahal was the residential palace of Faujdar Khan, the governor appointed by Emperor Farrukh Siyar, the great-grandson of emperor Aurangzeb. The palace was built by Khan in 1733 AD.

The correct answer is Gopal - Mochan fair.

Key Points

• Gopal - Mochan fair:
  • This fair is held in Jagadhari tehsil near Bilaspur in Yamunanagar district.
  • It is organized in the month of Kartika (October-November) on the Gopal Mohan tank.

Additional Information

The correct answer is December.

Key Points

• Pinjore heritage festival is celebrated in Haryana in the last week of December. 
  • The festival celebrates the vibrant and rich culture of Haryana.
  • Many art forms are performed by the poet, singers, and dancers in this festival.
  • It is an annual event of Haryana that focuses on the history and heritage of Pinjore town.
  • Pinjore gardens are also known as Yadavindra Gardens.
  • The gardens resemble the Mughal garden architectural style.
  • Sikh rulers of the Patiala dynasty had renovated this garden.
  • The garden was built by Fadai Khan.

The logic is:

the pattern being followed here is:

(Number)² : (Number)³

1. 225 : 3375 → 15² : 15³

2. 49 : 280 → 7² : 7³ = 343 ≠ 280

3. 64 : 512 → 8² : 8³

4. 25 : 125 → 5² : 5³

Hence, ‘49 : 280’ is the odd one out.

A teacher makes an attempt to understand the potentialities of his/her students it is related to Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology is considered as the branch of psychology that deals with the scientific study of human learning. The study of learning processes takes place from both behavioural and cognitive perspectives, allows experimenters to know about the individual differences in cognitive development, intelligence.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Educational Psychology.'

National education policy 2020:

• The Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system.
• The main goal of the school education regulatory system is to improve educational outcomes so that children can learn to implement the acquired knowledge and skills in their practical life.

Key Points

Experiential learning:

• Experiential learning refers to the learning by gaining experience through active involvement.
• In all stages, experiential learning will be adopted, including arts-integrated and sports-integrated education, story-telling-based pedagogy, etc.
• Pedagogical approaches proposed in experimental learning under NEP-2020 includes:
  • Art-integrated education:
    •    It is a cross-curricular pedagogical approach that utilizes various aspects and forms of art and culture as the basis for learning of concepts across subjects.
    • It will be embedded in classroom transactions not only for creating joyful classrooms, but also for imbibing the Indian ethos through integration of Indian art and culture in the teaching and learning process at every level.
  • Sports-integrated education:
    • It is another cross-curricular pedagogical approach that utilizes physical activities including indigenous sports, in pedagogical practices to help in developing skills such as collaboration, self-initiative, self-direction, self-discipline, teamwork, responsibility, citizenship, etc.
    • Sports-integrated learning will be undertaken in classroom transactions to help students adopt fitness as a lifelong attitude and to achieve the related life skills.
  • Story-telling-based pedagogy:
    • It refers to the art of narrating a story more interactively to people who are willing to listen. It is used as a strategy in teaching which broadens learner's reading choices.
      In a storytelling based pedagogy, the story chosen by the teacher to narrate is directly or indirectly related to the lesson to develop their fullest potential, both educationally and morally.

   ​Hence, it could be concluded that all of the above are the pedagogical approach proposed in experimental learning under NEP-2020.

Use the vector for m of B and v in the formulae to get the instantaneous direction of force at x = a and x = 2a.

Application of Bernoulli’s theorem larger area of cross section implies less velocity which in turn implies higher pressure. 

Let R be the resistance of wire.

Energy released in t second

Let R' be the resistance of the second wire

Dividing (i) by (ii)

or,        N ² = 18 × 2    ∴ N = 6

E=dx/dt =d(a(Tt-t²))/dt=a(T-2t)
I=E/R=a(T-2t)/R
Heat liberated,
△k=I²Rdt


=(a² /R)[T²t+(4t³/3)-2Tt²]^T₀
=△H=a²T³/3R

Mathematical constants don't have any dimensions hence, it is dimensionless and phase constant is in angle therefore, the unit is radian.

The magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic materials doesn’t depend upon temperature. This is often because there’s an outsized barrier between the bottom state and therefore the excited states of diamagnetic substances. Hence, it remains constant during the change of temperature. All the other statements are false.

KEY CONCEPT : We know that the magnetic field produced by a current carrying circular coil of radius r at its centre is 

• When an object is moving along a straight path, the magnitude of average velocity is equal to the average speed.
• Therefore, the numerical ratio of average velocity to average speed is one in a straight line motion.
• But, during curved motion, the displacement < distance covered, so the velocity < speed.

​Therefore, the numerical ratio of average velocity to average speed is equal to or less than one but can never be more than one. 

for an approximate result, divide the length value by 1.609

► One kilometer is equals to 0.62 miles.

Emf = - N(∆magnetic flux)/∆t
N=100turns
∆magnetic flux= -30×10-6Wb
∆t = 0.04sec
Emf = -(100turns)(-30×10-6)/(0.04sec)
Emf = 0.075V
 

The number 157,900 ends with two zeros, which means it has been rounded to the nearest hundred.
When a number is rounded to the nearest hundred, the possible actual value lies within ±50 of the given number.

This means the actual population could be as low as:

• 157,850 (if rounded up to 157,900)

Or as high as:

• 157,949 (if rounded down to 157,900)

But in standard approximation rules:

• Lower limit = 157,900 – 50 = 157,850

• Upper limit = 157,900 + 50 = 157,950

So, the maximum possible error is ±50.

If the distance of a point charge, kept on the axis of a dipole, is sufficiently large than the separation between the charges of a dipole, then it can be shown that electric field E at a distance r from the dipole varies as E α 1/r³. Now if the distance becomes 2r, electric field intensity will decrease by a factor of 2³=8 times. Therefore the force F will now become F/8.

Rate of change of area with remain same even if wire is replaced by semi-circular wire, 
∴ induced current will be same as earlier one as I = (e/R) & e i.e. induced emf is function of area because
e = – N (dɸ/dt) = – N (d/dt) (ABcoswt).
 

Current around a long straight wire from Ampere's Law is given by-
B(2πr)=μ₀​i
⟹B=μ₀​i​/3πr
r is the distance of the point from the axis of the wire=√ (1²+1²​)=√2​
⟹B=μ_0​i/2√2​π ​
The magnetic field is perpendicular to the vector pointing from the axis to the point at which the magnetic field is found.
The vector points from (1,0,0) to (1,1,1). Thus it makes angle 45^oC with the xy plane.

At null point (and along the axis), earth's magnetic field and bar's magnetic field are opposite in direction.
On the equatorial line, the bar's magnetic field is opposite in direction to its field on the axis. Hence, on the equatorial line, the two fields add up.
As the null points are on the axis of the bar magnet, therefore,
B1= (μ0/4π)(2M/d3)=H
On the equatorial line of magnet at same distance(d), field due to the magnet is 
B2= (μ0/4π)(M/d3)=B1/2=H/2
Therefore, total magnetic field at this point on equatorial line is 
B=B2+H=3H/2=3×0.36G/2=0.54G
 

Statement-1: Potential difference across the terminals of a battery is always less than its emf.

• This statement is true. The potential difference across the terminals of a battery (V) is given by V=emf−Ir,  where III is the current and r is the internal resistance of the battery. Because Ir is always positive when there is a current, the terminal potential difference is always less than the emf.

Statement-2: A battery always has some internal resistance.

• This statement is true. All real batteries have some internal resistance, which is inherent in the materials and construction of the battery.

Since the internal resistance of the battery causes a voltage drop (Ir) when current flows, this is why the potential difference across the terminals is less than the emf, making Statement-2 a correct explanation for Statement-1. Thus, the correct answer is: Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

A tuning fork is made of an alloy of steel, nickel and chromium, called elinvar, i.e. the material for which the elasticity does not change.

The body is at rest on the inclined plane, as μ > tan θ  force of friction = mg sin 30^o = 2 x 9.8 x (1/2) = 9.8 N  

As the particles are moving at the same rate, their speed is the same but velocities will be different beacuse their directions will be different.

Torque on a dipole kept in external electric field is given by the expression,