HSSC TGT Math Mock Test - 5 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

Concept:

• The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat is called biodiversity.
•  Biodiversity is the term popularised by sociobiologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organization. 

Explanation:

• Biodiversity and its conservation are now vital environmental issues of international concern.
• Biodiversity is not only essential for ecosystem health but imperative for the very survival of the human race on this planet.
• The accelerated rates of species extinctions that the world is facing now are largely due to human activities.
• The loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to a decline in plant production, lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as drought, and increased variability in certain ecosystem processes such as plant productivity, water use, and pest and disease cycles.
• There are four major causes:
  • Habitat loss and fragmentation
  • Alien species invasions
  • Over-exploitation:
  • Co-extinctions

• Habitat loss and fragmentation: This is the most important cause of driving animals and plants to extinction.  
  • When large habitats are broken up into small fragments due to various human activities, mammals and birds requiring large territories, and certain animals with migratory habits are badly affected, leading to population declines.
• Over-exploitation: Humans have always depended on nature for food and shelter, but when ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’, it leads to over-exploitation of natural resources.
• Alien species invasions: When alien species are introduced unintentionally or deliberately for whatever purpose, some of them turn invasive, and cause the decline or extinction of indigenous species.
• Co-extinctions: When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct.

Thus, lack of rainfall is not the major cause of biodiversity losses in a geographical region.

Additional Information 

• The most dramatic examples of habitat loss come from tropical rainforests.
• Once covering more than 14 percent of the earth’s land surface, these rain forests now cover no more than 6 percent.
• Humans have always depended on nature for food and shelter, but when ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’.
• It leads to the exploitation of natural resources.

The correct answer is Sir Chhotu Ram.

Key Points

• Sir Chhotu Ram in the village of Garhi Sampla, Rohtak district, Punjab Province (now under Haryana).
• He was a co-founder of the National Unionist Party which ruled the United Punjab Province in pre-independent India.
• He was the Minister for Agriculture and Home Affairs, erstwhile Punjab, 1945.
• He championed the interest of oppressed communities and he was knighted for his efforts and honesty of social work.
• Rai Bahadur was a title of honour bestowed during British rule in India to individuals for faithful service or acts of public welfare to the Empire.
  • The title was accompanied by a medal called a Title Badge.
  • Bestowed mainly on Hindus, the equivalent title for Muslim and Parsi subjects was Khan Bahadur. For Sikhs it was Sardar Bahadur.

• Potential energy is the stored ability to perform work.
• To actually perform work, potential energy must be transformed into other forms of energy. 
• Sun is the major source of energy for the ecosystem.
• The chemical energy of food is the main source of energy required by all living organisms.
• This energy is transmitted to different trophic levels along the food chain.

Key-Points

Energy flow in the ecosystem:

• In a food chain, the energy flow follows the 10 per cent law.
• According to this law, only 10 per cent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the other; the rest is lost into the atmosphere.
• This is clearly explained in the following figure and is represented as an energy pyramid.
• This energy is stored in various organic products in the plants from the sun via the process of photosynthesis.
• This is then passed on to the primary consumers in the food chain when the herbivores consume (primary consumers) the plants as food.
• Then conversion of chemical energy stored in plant products into kinetic energy occurs, degradation of energy will occur through its conversion into heat.
• The energy flow is: Primary (100%) → First level/ Primary (10%) → Second-level/ Secondary (1%) → Third level / Tertiary (0.1%).
• The energy flow in the ecosystem is clearly unidirectional.

Thus, the ​correct sequence of trophic levels with increasing potential energy is Decomposers, Secondary consumers, Primary consumers, ​Producers.

Development planning is important both to the head of the school and to the school. The school needs a development plan to help in its growth and improvement. The head needs a development plan to be a good and efficient school manager.

Key Points

 A school development plan usually includes the following parts and information:

• Background: The school background includes things such as the name of the school, general enrollment statistics, the number and composition of staff, the geographic area served, a description of facilities, cluster and circuit details, and other relevant information.
• School Analysis: The school analysis describes how the school is performing in key areas. It includes judgments about the quality of education at the school and indicates the major strengths and weaknesses.
• Priorities, based on the school analysis: The list of priorities describes the most important areas that need attention and can be dealt with using, within the time of the plan, resources available to the school.
• Summary of two to three-year plans for developing the school: The summarized 2/3-year plan shows targeted goals and plans which will take more than a year to achieve. 
• Action Plan for the coming year: The action plan is a working document that describes and summarizes what needs to be done to implement the development plan during the coming year. This plan serves as a guide to implementation and evaluation. 
• Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: The monitoring and evaluation plan describes how planned activities will be monitored and evaluated during the coming year. It serves as a basis (a) for ensuring that plans made are carried out and (b) for reporting on the progress made.  

Hence, it is clear that under the school development plan, the summarized 2/3-year plan shows that targeted goals and plans which will take more than a year to achieve. 

The correct answer is Teej.

• Teej is the most important and delightful festival of Shravana month in Haryana.

Key Points

• Shravana month Fairs:
  • Mahadev Fair
  • Hatkeshwar Fair

Additional Information

• Bhadliya Navami - Ashadha month (June-July)
• Janmashtami - Bhadrapad Ashtami (August-September)
• Baisakhi - Vaisakha (April)

The correct answer is Agroha.

• Maharaja Agrasen was a Vaish King of the Solar Dynasty who adopted Vanika Dharma for the benefit of his people.
  • Literally, Agrawal means the “Children of Agrasen” or the “People of Agroha”, a city in ancient Kuru Panchala, near Hisar in the Haryana region said to be founded by Maharaja Agrasen.

Key Points

• Agrasen was a great Indian king of the merchant city of Agroha.
  • He is a descendant of Kush, son of Lord Rama and was born in the 35th generation after Lord Rama.
  • He is credited with founding the kingdom of merchants named Agroha in northern India and is known for his compassion in refusing to kill animals in yagyas.

Additional Information

• History of Haryana:
  • The history of Haryana is very proud and it starts from the Vedic period.
  • This state is believed to be the birthplace of the mythological Bharata dynasty, after which the country got its name, Bharat.
  • Haryana has been discussed in our great epic Mahabharata. Before becoming the capital of India, it became a part of the history of India with the arrival of Muslims and the capital of India of Delhi and remained anonymous until the First War of Independence in 1857.
  • Their territories were either merged with the British territories or handed over to the rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind.
  • After the reorganization of Punjab on November 1, 1966, Haryana became a complete one.

The correct answer is 2015.

Key Points

• The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme, launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 22nd January 2015 at Panipat in Haryana.
  • It was launched to bring behavioral change in the society towards birth and rights of a girl child.
  • It has resulted in increased awareness and sensitization of the masses regarding the prevalence of gender bias and the role of the community in eradicating it.
  • During the last 6 years since its inception, the BBBP scheme has been aiming at changing the mindset of the public to acknowledge the rights of the girl child.

Additional Information

• Some facts about Haryana
  • The state of Haryana was carved out from Punjab in 1966.
  • The population density of Haryana is 577.
  • The sex ratio of Haryana is 877 (according to the 2011 census).
  • The literacy rate is 75.5%.
  • State bird- Black Francolin
  • State tree- Peepal
  • State flower- Lotus
  • State animal- Blackbuck

The correct answer is Neeraj Chopra.

Key Points

• Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar announced that a stadium will be built in Olympic gold-medallist Neeraj Chopra's native village in Panipat.
  • Neeraj Chopra is a Javelin throw player.
  • Javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra's native village Khandra is in Panipat.
  • A stadium would be built in Neeraj Chopra's village for ₹10 crores.

Additional Information

• Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation. 
• It involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 liters/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters or drippers.
• Simply put, rainwater harvesting is a process used for collecting and storing rainwater. 
• A conveyance system – gutters and downpipes that channel the water from the collection surface into a rainwater tank.
• These techniques are mainly employed in the northwest part of our country.
•  Diverters and filters – to keep leaves and other debris out of the storage tank.
• Water-saving habits must be imbibed  to small children right from childhood
• Using more water for cleaning toilets and washrooms is not the right method of saving and conserving water.

The correct answer is Patwari.

Key Points

• Roznamcha Waqiati:
  • It is a diary of daily incidents maintained by the patwari under executive instructions issued from time to time.
  • Patwari makes an entry for each day mentioning briefly the facts relating to rainfall, hailstorms and other natural calamities, transactions in land or other rights, visits by Superior Officers and orders given by them, orders of Civil and Criminal Courts received by him and executed by him, condition of the crop and cattle, various surveys and inspections conducted by him and any other facts of importance coming to his notice or reported to him. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
  • The diary for the year is started in September/October every year.
  • Its pages are numbered and authenticated by the office kanungo so that any tampering with the record is not possible.
  • As the entries in the documents are a valuable piece of evidence, it remains in the custody of Patwari during the operation of settlement, and copies of the relevant entries can be obtained from him on a payment basis prescribed under rules.

The correct answer is to slow down.

Key Points

• While driving on a curve the driver should slow down.
• There are three steps to drive through a curve safely:
  • When approaching a curve, slow down appropriately and position your car to the side of your lane which is opposite the direction of the curve.
  • If the road winds to the right, for example, move to the left side of your lane.
  • As you continue to drive through the curve, smoothly position your vehicle towards the other side of your lane.
  • When approaching the end of the bend, gradually ease back to the normal position in your lane, then accelerate out of it in a straight line.
• you must stay alert for other drivers and traffic while rounding a curve.
• If other vehicles are too close to the center of the road while you're driving through a curve, it could put you at risk of a head-on collision.

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, has made a systematic study of cognitive development in his theory that is categorized in four stages. 

According to Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory:

• Cognitive development takes place at different rates at different stages of development.
• Cognition develops through the interaction between the child and the environment.
• Piaget’s theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge but also on understanding the nature of the child’s intelligence.

Important Points

Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development:

Hence, from the above explanation, it can be concluded that to understand the family tree, children need to use mental reversibility skills.

Concept:

​Noise pollution:

Noise pollution is generally defined as regular exposure to elevated sound levels that may lead to adverse effects in humans or other living organisms. According to the World Health Organization, sound levels less than 70 dB are not damaging to living organisms. Exposure for more than 8 hours to constant noise beyond 85 dB may be hazardous.

Sources of Noise Pollution:

1). Agricultural machine pollution:

Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers, etc. have all made agriculture highly mechanical but at the same time highly noisy. Noise level 90 dB to 98 dB due to the running of farm machines have been recorded in the state of Punjab.

2). Household pollution:

The household is an industry in itself and is a source of many indoor noises such as the banging of doors, noise of playing children, crying of infants, moving of furniture, the loud conversation of the inhabitants, etc. Besides these are the entertainment equipment in the house, namely the radio, record-players, and television sets. 

3). Transport pollution:

The automobile revolution in urban centers has proved to be a big source of noise pollution. Increasing traffic has given rise to traffic jams in congested areas where the repeated hooting of horns by impatient drivers pierce the ears of all road users. Heavy trucks, buses, trains, jet-planes, motor-cycles, scooters, mopeds, jeeps noise pollution, etc. are the cause of transport pollution.

4). Defense equipment pollution:

A lot of noise pollution is added to the atmosphere by artillery, tanks, launching of rockets, explosions, exercising of military airplanes, and shooting practices. Screams of jet engines and sonic booms have a deafening impact on the ears.

5). Industrial pollution:

Progress in technology or industrialization has resulted in creating noise pollu­tion. Textile mills, printing presses, engineering establishments, and metal works, etc. contribute heavily towards noise pollution. 

6). Miscellaneous Sources:

The automobile repair shops, construction-works, blasting, bulldozing, stone crushing, etc. are other sources of noise pollution.

Curriculum:- Curriculum includes the complete school environment, involving all the courses, activities, reading, and associations furnished to the pupils in school.

Key Points

Curriculum organization:-

• Process of selecting curriculum elements from the subject, the current social life, and the student's experience than designing the selected curriculum elements appropriately so that they can form the curriculum structure and type.
• Curriculum organizations should take into consideration the needs, interests, and abilities of learners as well as social needs, problems, and resources of the community.

Important Points

Principles of curriculum organization-

• Principle of social relevancy and utility
• Principle of variety and flexibility
• Principle of time
• Child-centric principle
• Principle for utilization of leisure
• Principle of activity
• Principle of integration and correlation
• Principle of civic and social needs
• Principle of creativeness
• Principle of forward-looking

Thus, it can be concluded that manipulation is not a principle of curriculum organization as manipulation means skillful handling, using, or controlling someone or something to your own advantage.

Let, PQ be a chord of a circle with centre O and radius 10cm. Draw OR ⊥PQ = .

Now, OP = 10cm and OR = 5cm

In right triangle ORP, we get

OP² = PR² + OR²

PR2 = OP² - OR²

PR² = 10² - 5² = 75

Since, the perpendicular from the centre to a chord bisects the chord.

Therefore, PQ = 2 x PR

= 2 x 8.66 = 17.32 cm

The given system of equations does not have solution if : 

- 0 ⇒ 1(-14) - 4(-7) -2(7) = 0

The two curves meet in (0 , 0) and (1, 1).The required area lies above the curve y = x² and below x = y² and is equal to ;

In the figure, two circle with centers O and O' intersect each other at B and C.

ACD is a line, ∠AOB=130^∘

Arc AB subtends ∠AOB at the centre O and ∠ACB at the remaining part of the circle.

Distance of point from y-axis is x -coordinate of given point,
So,since,value of x-coordinate is 4
so, distance = 4 unit 

For every square matrix (A – A’) is always skew – symmetric.

y = log(secx + tanx)
dy/dx = 1/(secx + tanx){(secxtanx) + sec^2x}
= secx(secx + tanx)/(secx + tanx)
= secx

Therefore , AB and BC are parallel, but point B is common , so points , A,B,C are collinear. As 

A = {(2,1) (1,2)}
A² =  {(2,1) (1,2)} * {(2,1) (1,2)}
A² = {(4 + 1) (2 + 2)} {(2 + 2) (1 + 4)}
A² = {5,4} {4,5}