HSSC TGT Science Mock Test - 10 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

Concept:

Environment:

• The environment can be summed up as the effects of all living and non-living things that have an impact on human life.
• Non-living or abiotic elements include water, land, sunshine, rocks, and air. 
•  All live or biotic elements are animals, plants, forests, fisheries, and birds.

Explanation:

Use of resources:

• Environmental resources can be categorized as continuous, renewable and non-renewable. 
• Environmental resources that can be regenerated quickly are known as renewable resources.
• However, overuse of a renewable resource might result in its extinction, as in the cases of overfishing and groundwater extraction.
• Environmental resources that cannot be renewed, such as minerals, are referred to as non-renewable resources.
• Degraded soils may only be restored over a very lengthy period of time.
• Continuous environmental resources are those whose availability is unaffected by human use, such as solar or wind energy.
• For their biological, economic, and recreational values, natural resources are conserved.
• Unbalance in the ecosystem results from the excessive and haphazard exploitation of natural resources
• It is important to strike a careful balance between using up existing resources and replenishing them.
• Conservation is the responsible use and management of the natural world and its resources.

Thus, the use of resources is a major environmental issue.

The correct answer is Sound from musical instruments.

CONCEPT:

• Sound: A sound is a form of mechanical energy that is transmitted through mediums.
  • Example: sound from musical instruments, man's vocal cord, etc.
• Noise is a sound that is unpleasant or is a loud sound and causes a disturbance.
  • Sound from explosions, factories, vehicles, and a mixture of lots of voices is an example of noise.
• Music: The mixture of different frequencies resulted into an ordered sound is called music.
  • The sound from a musical instrument is an example of music.

EXPLANATION:

• Thus the Sound from musical instruments is not an example of noise. So option 4 is correct.

Explanation:

• Ecosystem: All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and human beings as well as the physical surroundings interact with each other and maintain a balance in nature. All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem.

Feeding relation in natural surrounding:

• Food chain: A food chain shows the feeding relationship between different organisms in a particular environment and/or habitat. A food chain shows how energy is passed from the sun to producers, from producers to consumers, and from consumers to decomposes such as fungi. They also show how animals depend on other organisms for food.
• The systematic diagram to show this chain-

• In this chain, Grass ⟶ Grasshopper ⟶ Frog ⟶ Snake ⟶ Hawk.

According to the question, If all Deer will be killed.

Grass → Deer (×)→ Lion

Then, Grass is increased as no deers are there to eat and the population of lions will decrease because they did not get enough food.

So, Grass increases, and the population of Lions decreases.

• The Mutiny of 1857 began in Ambala in Haryana.
• The first war of independence in 10th May 1857 war started first at Ambala.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The average annual rainfall is around 450 mm, of which the average monthly rainfall received during the July and August months is 133.4 and 116.2 mm, respectively.
• The average monthly rainfall during September is 54.5 mm and in June is 49.8mm.
• The average rainfall received during the monsoon season is around 354 mm.
• The rainfall received in an area is an important parameter that determines the availability of the required quantity of water to meet various types of demand including agricultural, industrial, domestic water supply, and power generation as well.
• The variation of rainfall since it affects the food production and availability of fresh water.
• Most of the year, the climate of Haryana is of a pronounced continental character, very hot in summer and markedly cold in winter.
• The rainfall in the region is low and erratic except in parts of Karnal, Kurukshetra, and Ambala Districts.

The correct answer is 1951.

Key Points

• Census was conducted non-synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country.
• This effort culminating in 1872 has been popularly labeled as the first Census of India.
• In 1872 AD, the first Census was done in India under the rule of Lord Mayo.
• The First Official Census in India was done in 1881 AD under Lord Rippon.
• It was called the First synchronized census.
• Since 1901, it has been taking place every decade.

Additional Information

• Census 2011, is the 15th census and the 7th after independence.
• The slogan of Census 2011 is “Our Census, Our Future”.
• India was the first country to adopt family planning in the world.

Key Points

• The purpose of the ‘TeerthDarshan’ scheme of the Haryana Government is to pilgrimage to senior citizens.
• Senior citizens, more than sixty years of age in the state, could go on a pilgrimage within the country at government expense.
• It was announced by the Chief Minister of Haryana state ManoharLalKhattar.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Kaushalya.

• The Ghaggar-Hakra River flows through India and Pakistan only during the monsoon season.
  • Originated from Shivalik Hills, Himachal Pradesh.
  • Mouth: Ottu, Haryana.
  • Kaushalya river is a left bank tributary of Ghaggar River.
  • The Kaushalya Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Kaushalya river.
  • The main tributaries of the Ghaggar are the Kaushalya river, Markanda, Sarsuti, Tangri and Chautang.
  • Important right bank tributaries:
    • Markanda river.
    • Sarsuti.
    • Tangri river.
    • Chautang.
• South Koel River, a tributary of the Brahmani River.
• The Yamuna river originating from the Yamunotri Glacier.
  • Yamuna river is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganga.
  • Longest tributary of Ganga in India.
  • Joins with the Ganga river at Prayag, Allahabad.
  • Major tributaries are Chambal, Ken, Tons, Betwa.
• The Saraswati River is one of the main rivers mentioned in the Rig Veda.
  • River consider as sacred by the Vedic Aryans.

• The eastern boundary of Haryana with Uttar Pradesh is defined by a stretch of about 200 km of Yamuna river.
• Yamuna River also receives a heavy amount of industrial and domestic pollutants from Yamuna Nagar, Panipat, and Sonipat in this stretch.

In Constructivist teaching-learning, we promote learning for the construction of knowledge by learners themselves.  

• Learning for construction of knowledge is the basic presumption of constructivism. 
• The emphasis is on such a learning environment where children can construct their own knowledge, develop their capacities and remain an active learner. 

Piaget’s Cognitive Constructivism-

• Piaget has a firm belief that learning is a constructive process. 
• Piaget emphasized an active learner who can observe, act, modify, manipulate, transform and construct own meaning of an object or event.
• In Piaget’s constructivism, a child’s language was an ecocentric and nonsocial speech

Vygotsky’s Social Constructivism-

• Vygotsky is known as the proposer of social constructivism. Social Constructivism approach talks about the importance of social interaction and context in learning. He believes that learning is social in nature.
• it emphasized on social context; knowledge is mutually built and constructed. 
• Vygotsky is of the view that teacher should provide an environment to children to construct knowledge with peers and teacher i.e. co-construction of knowledge.
• for Vygotsky, children use a lot of private speech not only from social communication but also to plan, guide and regulate their behaviour in self-regulatory fashion. 

Thus it is clear that in a constructivist classroom as envisioned by Piaget and Vygotsky, the teacher provides an opportunity for the students to engage in inquiry and problem-solving. Such that they construct their knowledge through organization, observation, adaptation and by the help of peers. 

The correct answer is Mukhyamantri Antyodaya Utthan Abhiyan.

Key Points

• Sh. Manohar Lal who also holds the portfolio of Finance Minister while presenting the State Budget for the year 2021-22 during the Budget session of Haryana Vidhan Sabha announced a new scheme ‘Mukhyamantri Antyodaya Utthan Abhiyan’.
• The Abhiyan aims to draw verified data from the Parivar Pehchan Patra (PPP) and identify the poorest one lakh families in the State.
• Under this Abhiyan, the Government aims for economic upliftment of two lakh families in the financial year 2021-22.
• Mukhyamantri Antyodaya Utthan Abhiyan will be an umbrella mission encompassing all schemes of Government to identify the scheme or set of schemes to supplement the upliftment of each identified family.
• Each Department of Government will prioritize schemes implemented by them for the upliftment of the identified poorest families.

If you witness a road accident, it's important to stop at a safe distance and offer assistance if needed. Check for any injured individuals and, if possible, provide first aid while waiting for emergency services to arrive. Alerting authorities and providing information about the accident can also be helpful in ensuring timely assistance. However, driving past the accident scene without stopping, taking pictures or videos for social media, or honking unnecessarily are not appropriate responses and can hinder rescue efforts. Always prioritize the safety and well-being of those involved in the accident.

Additional Fact:
Offering assistance at the scene of an accident can make a significant difference in the outcome for those involved. Basic first aid knowledge and prompt action can help stabilize injured individuals and prevent further harm until professional medical help arrives. Remember to assess the situation carefully and prioritize your own safety while providing assistance.

Adolescence is the transformational phase of human development and growth. It transforms the growth and maturity from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence is a difficult journey of self-exploration and interaction with the world. It is characterized by contradictions, fantasies, surprises, and uncertainties while posing immense possibilities and threats.

Key Points Learning Strategies for Teaching Adolescence

• Adolescents need to be guided by their teachers. The teachers should build up confidence in their children.
• S/he should communicate strategies of learning and develop the skill of presenting their knowledge on paper accurately and effectively.
• The teacher should try to involve all children in all types of learning.
• At this stage, the students have developed hypothetical thinking, so the teacher should propose a problem and invite students to form a hypothesis.
• S/ he should guide children whenever they need it. S/he should recognize the cause of the child’s low achievement.
• After knowing the problem that a child is facing, the teacher should deal with her/him accordingly
• The teacher should also develop strategies for coping with stress so that children can learn and live in a stress-free environment.
• Initiate group activities in the classroom and focus on collaborative and interactive learning with peers. The teacher should act as a facilitator of not only learning but also encourage cooperation among students.

Hence, we can conclude that the most suitable strategy for a teacher, when he/she is working with adolescent students is to propose a problem and invite students to form a hypothesis.

The purpose of wearing seat belts while driving or riding in a vehicle is to reduce the risk of injury in the event of a collision. Seat belts help restrain occupants and prevent them from being ejected from the vehicle during a crash. They also distribute the force of impact across stronger parts of the body, such as the chest and hips, reducing the severity of injuries. Wearing seat belts is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself and your passengers in the event of an accident, and it's a legal requirement in many countries.

Additional Fact:
Studies have shown that seat belts can significantly reduce the likelihood of serious injury or death in a car crash. However, seat belts are only effective when worn correctly and consistently. Always ensure that seat belts are properly adjusted and securely fastened before starting your journey, regardless of how short the trip may be.

The discovery method is an inquiry-based instruction where students are actively participating in discovering knowledge. it is considered a constructivist based approach to education. Discovery learning takes place in problem-solving situations where the learner draws on his own experiences and prior knowledge to solve the problem.

Learning outcomes of discovery method:-

• It encourages the active engagement of students.
• It provides a conceptual understanding of the subject matter.
• It increases motivation in students
• It makes students lifelong learner 

In the discovery approach of teaching, the most important learning outcome is a conceptual understanding of the subject matter. so manipulation, reinforcement and memorisation are not outcomes of the discovery method.

 Hintmanipulation:- It means to control actions of self or any other person by the intellect.

reinforcement:- It means to encourage or discourage the behaviour. Positive reinforcement is used to increase desired behaviour and negative reinforcement is the removal of undesired behaviour.

memorisation:- It is the process of committing something to memory. encoding, store and retrieval are steps of memorisation.

As 
According to the question, v‘ = 2v and B' = B/2
∴ 

Krebs' cycle was discovered by Sir Hans Krebs in 1937 (Nobel Prize in 1953) and thus is named so. Krebs' cycle is also called as citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) after the name of its first product. Citric acid is a tricarboxylic 6-carbon compound.

The correct answer is Option C.

(i)   The first structure is lactose, the linkage is (A) C₁−C₄ glycosidic linkage.
(ii)  The 2_nd structure has C₁−C₆ linkages.
(iii) The 3_rd structure has C₁−C₄ linkages.

Electromagnetic waves vary in wavelength and frequency. Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies. Higher frequency waves have more energy.

Electron transport process makes direct use of oxygen to produce ATP molecules in respiration process.

The image will be virtual, upright and diminished.

Explanation for the Term Molar Mass:
Definition: Molar mass is defined as the mass of one mole of a particular substance. It is usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Concept of Mole: A mole is a unit in chemistry that is used to express amounts of a chemical substance. It is defined as the amount of any substance that contains as many entities (e.g., atoms, molecules, ions, electrons) as there are atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12.

Calculation of Molar Mass:
The molar mass is calculated by summing the masses of all the atoms in a molecule. For instance, the molar mass of water (H₂O) is calculated by adding the molar masses of hydrogen and oxygen.

Difference from Other Terms:
Molar mass is different from molecular mass, Avogadro's mass, and formula mass. Molecular mass refers to the mass of a single molecule, measured in atomic mass units (amu). Avogadro's mass is a deprecated term that was used to refer to the molar mass of carbon-12. And formula mass refers to the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the empirical formula of any compound.

Usage: The concept of molar mass is fundamental in chemistry, as it connects the macroscopic world (scale of grams, liters, etc.) with the microscopic one (scale of atoms, molecules, etc.). It is used in various calculations such as stoichiometry, gas laws, and solution preparation.

Chemistry does not deal in explaining superconductivity.

• Seminiferous tubules of testis open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis.
• Rete testis is a network of tubules inside the testis to store the sperm temporarily.

Fig: Image showing rete testes which stores sperm temporarily 

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM” of chapter: Human Reproduction.

Modern periodic table and long form of periodic table are same. Both are based on atomic number rather than atomic mass.

If a predator is too efficient and overexploits its prey, then prey might become extinct. The predator will also become extinct for lack of food. Therefore, predators in nature are prudent.

The S.I. unit of time is second(s).
Additional Information: A second can be defined as  1/86400th part of a mean solar day,  i.e., =1/86400 × one mean solar day.

Plasmodesmata are cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent plant cells which develop in minute pores of their walls. They form a protoplasmic continuum called symplast.
It provides channels for controlled passage of small sized particles between adjacent cells as well as transfer of some specific signals.

• Each testicular lobule contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules in which sperms are produced.
• Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called male germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells.
• The male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions finally leading to sperm formation, while Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.

Hence, the Correct Answer is D

• Almost 25 percent of plant species are used for the production of the drugs currently sold in the market worldwide.
• Some plants used for the production of drugs are camphor tree, coca plant, poppy, turmeric, etc.