KTET Paper 1: Child Development and Pedagogy Test - 7 - KTET MCQ

Four characteristic stages of a child's intellectual development were developed by Piaget. These include sensory-motor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage.

Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation is a school-based evaluation system. It promotes orderly learning and development. It includes regularity in assessment, diagnosis of learning gaps, retesting, etc. So, CCE emphasizes how learning can be observed, recorded, and improved upon. It is a 'continuous' process after each course over the entire session. 'Comprehensive' means the scheme follows both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of students.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'How learning can be observed, recorded and improved upon.'

Lev Vygotsky is a Soviet psychologist who did plenty of research on children and came up with the sociocultural theory of cognitive development. His theory was based on the effects of social interactions on a child's cognitive development.

Extra classes could be arranged for such students so as to  bridge the gap in studies (concepts).

A gifted child is one whose IQ is above 130. He/she derives many creative ideas, explores many possible solutions for a single problem, thinks in a divergent way. always have a curiosity to know about new things, always brings something unusual and entertaining beyond the level of thinking at the same age children. All these qualities are found in gifted children. 
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Fighting with others.'

Assessment of learning refers to the process of evaluating a student's knowledge, skills, and understanding of a subject or topic. The primary goal of the assessment of learning is to determine the level of achievement of learning outcomes and provide feedback to both students and teachers. 

Change in behaviour is the common sign of a child in stress. A child in stress shows aggressive behaviour and acts irritably.

Gifted students have some advanced mental potential as compared with other children. Hence, they should be asked to spend more time on questions dealing with creating so that their extraordinary abilities can be channelled into discovering new ways to solve a problem.
Hence, this is the correct answer.

Lev Vygotsky is a Soviet psychologist who did plenty of research on children and came up with the sociocultural theory of cognitive development. His theory was based on the effects of social interactions on a child's cognitive development.

Parents should show trust in the teacher and discuss the problem with the teacher. In case, he does not feel satisfied, can he take some other action for the same. The parents must try to understand the teacher's point of view, as well as should be able to make the teacher understand their own point of view. Thus, they both can come to a common conclusion.

When the children do new things that they did differently from what they did before, creativity, creativity is a skill that helps children to enhance their skills of thoughts, ideas, feeling, etc. It's just that they make new things on their own. Creativity is something kids like when they play or make connections for different reasons.
Hence, the correct answer is "Play".

A diagnostic approach would be the most effective part of addressing students who run away from class.

• A diagnostic approach involves identifying and understanding the root causes and factors contributing to the student's behavior.
• It may involve gathering information, assessing the student's needs, and identifying any underlying challenges or issues they may be facing.
• This information can be helpful in developing appropriate strategies and interventions to support the student.

Nowadays, TV is very common and well recognised. It is considered better than radio for learning purpose as it utilises two senses, i.e. hearing and vision at the same time, prompting a more exact type of learning.

Girl students are as good at Mathematics as boys of their age. Abilities and skills are not limited to a particular gender. Capabilities in Mathematics is nothing to do with gender. Both are equally capable. Girls are not less than boys in any sector, field.
Hence, this is the correct answer.

Learning Disability is an umbrella term that encompasses a variety of specific kinds of learning problems. It is a neurological disorder that affects the way one receives and processes information.
Dyspraxia:

• It is a developmental disorder of the brain in childhood causing difficulty in muscle control as well as activities requiring coordination and movement.
• It is a type of learning disability associated with motor skill development, especially fine motor skills. It is also known as Clumsy Child Syndrome or Motor Learning Disability.
• Children with dyspraxia tend to struggle with balance and posture.
• Most individuals with dyspraxia manifest a combination of both ideational or planning dyspraxia and ideomotor or executive dyspraxia wherein ideational or planning dyspraxia affects the planning and coordination, and ideomotor or executive dyspraxia affects the fluency and speed of motor activities.

Hence, it is clear from the points mentioned above that it is dyspraxia that causes problems with movement and coordination.

The teacher must always give positive feedbacks to the students for activities they perform because the children of primary classes are motivated and this encourages the development of their behavior.

Learning disability is a type of condition that affects the brain in the prenatal stage or in early childhood. This condition shows difficulties in comprehending or processing information. This disability can be identified by psychologists and are liable to change. Also, students with learning disabilities can be trained through effective classroom support.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Learning disability is a variable state'.

It includes reading skills like reading comprehension, word recognition, oral reading skills, and even impairment in skills that require reading.

The tools for formative assessment in scholastic domain are oral questions, assignments, conversation skills, projects, quizzes, and group work. The tools for summative assessment in scholastic domain are multiple choice questions, short answer type and long answer type descriptive questions at term end.

A teacher having a democratic nature permits students to sit all over the class in which some sit together and discuss or do group reading. Some sit quietly and read themselves. If a parent does not like this behaviour of a teacher then they should show trust in the teacher and discuss the problem with the teacher. Maybe the teacher is doing this with positive hidden motives.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Parents should show trust in the teacher and discuss the problem with the teacher.'

The Right to Education (RTE) Act of 2009 in India mandates that all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years have the right to free and compulsory education.

• The assessment of learning as per the RTE Act involves regular evaluations of students to monitor their progress and ensure that they are meeting the necessary learning outcomes.
• The Act specifies that the assessment should be continuous and comprehensive, and should not lead to the failure, detention, or expulsion of students.
• Instead, the focus should be on providing additional support to students who are struggling, so that they can reach their full potential.
• The assessment of learning should take into account the diverse needs of all students, including those with disabilities and disadvantaged backgrounds.
• Section 30 provides that no child shall be required to pass Board examinations till completion of elementary education. 

Therefore, it can be concluded that as per the RTE Act 2009  assessment of learning is about No child shall be required to pass any Board examination till completion of elementary education.

Every child has an interest in listening to stories. So, if a teacher tells interesting stories to students while teaching the subject, it develops an interest in students and they concentrate properly in class.

Girl students are as good at Mathematics as boys of their age. Abilities and skills are not limited to a particular gender. Capabilities in Mathematics is nothing to do with gender. Both are equally capable. Girls are not less than boys in any sector, field.
Hence, this is the correct answer.

Individual difference refers to the difference which distinguishes an individual from one another based on physiological or psychological characteristics.

Gender discrimination may lead to diminished effort or performance in education or the labour market, which itself gives rise to negative outcomes. What remains unclear from this line of research, however, is to what extent perceptions of discrimination correspond to some reliable depiction of reality. Because events may be misperceived or overlooked, perceptions of discrimination may over- or under-estimate the actual incidence of discrimination.

A lesson can be introduced in the class by using examples related to the lesson so that it is easily understandable by children. Telling stories easily attracts students and students find it easy to understand such lessons by story-telling the children like to listen to the stories. That's why teachers introduce lessons with stories.
Hence, the correct answer is "All of these".

Motivation has been mainly termed as a factor that drives or pushes one in a certain direction or to behave in a certain way. Motivation can be termed as a driving force or it can also be stated as a process that starts and drives various activities, whether physical or psychological.

Spatial intelligence gives the ability to control and form various mental images. It is related to the multiple intelligence theory.

Development is a process of gradual transformation. It is associated with both quantitative and qualitative. Development takes place when there is a positive change in quality. For eg- A child’s IQ level is low during childhood, but it can improve into adulthood. A child’s IQ level can improve from 50 to 90 after developing their creative and critical thinking skills.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Both quantitative and qualitative.'

Errors give us valuable clues about the assumptions learners are making about the structure of the concept that they are learning.

• In a class, a teacher welcomes the errors of the child because errors show a way of learning.
• It is important for students to make mistakes as they are valuable opportunities for growth and understanding. When students make errors, it indicates that they are actively engaged in the learning process and attempting to apply their knowledge and skills.
• By embracing errors, a teacher can create a supportive and encouraging environment where students feel safe to take risks and learn from their mistakes.

Hence, it can be concluded that errors of learners often indicate how they learn.