KTET Paper 2: English Language Test - 7 (Social Science) - KTET MCQ

When you encourage your students to read silently, you are helping them develop the strategies they need for reading fast and with better comprehension.

The existing English language teaching methodologies have inherent problems in that they ignore the innate ability of children to acquire language and instead focus on rigid practice-based programs.

• The constructivist approach, on the other hand, is a movement away from learning to acquisition with new perspectives of looking at language, language acquisition, the learners, teacher, teaching materials, and so on. The output and success are measured by the discourse that the students are able to construct.
• The constructivist approach of language teaching gives primacy to collaborative learning by involving learners in discussions and projects. In the Constructivist Approach, language is taught by enabling students to create new knowledge based on past experiences and engaging in various activities as it:
  • Emphasizes collaboration with others for learning. 
  • Ensures the active involvement of learners and promotes peer tutoring. 
  • Allows learners to foster their own strategy of learning to perform a task. 
  • Provides ample opportunities to learners to make them work at their own pace. 
  • Views learners as makers of meaning and creators of knowledge through social interaction. 
  • Prepares students to create new knowledge​, draw conclusions, and compare their findings.

Hence, it could be concluded that in the Constructivist Approach, language is taught by enabling students to create new knowledge based on past experiences and engaging in various activities.

Shyamala writes down only those questions which she has memorized. The reason for this could be she lacks the quality of imagination. There should also be creativity and imagination in the thinking of teachers, only then they will be able to develop these qualities in their children. As a teacher, you can infuse your child with the joy of learning by fostering his imagination and curiosity.

There are two syllables in the word "matches", they are "A and E". A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word is known as syllable.

The Communicative Approach is an approach to language teaching that focuses on the development of communicative competence, which encompasses both fluency and accuracy in using the language in real-life contexts.

According to the line mentioned in the passage, This religion is considerably established, though not caused, by the formation of priestly caste which claims to mediate between the people and the being they fear and so attains a position of power.
In the given line, it is written that the religion is established by the formation of Priestly caste and the indirect meaning is a growth of the priestly caste.

A student has difficulty in applying the learned knowledge. For example, in word problems, the student also fails to translate sentences into equations or identify the variables. A possible solution to this problem could be giving carefully designed assignment-simpler-simple-complex.

Differentiated instruction is a teaching approach that tailors instruction to students' different learning needs. It refers to teaching through various tasks such as creating charts, graphs, drawing, gathering information, and presenting them through pair or group work. 

• It is an approach to teaching that is intended to meet the learning needs of children with multiple intelligences & diverse abilities. 
• It helps teachers to plan and deliver instructions based on the different strengths and weaknesses of the children in their classroom. 
• It uses flexible grouping patterns; sometimes whole-class instruction occurs, and sometimes children work in small groups. 

Teaching learning materials (TLMs) are used by teachers to help learners to learn concept with ease and efficiency. A good textbook should contain :

• Adequate subject matter
• Proper content with the preface
• Required images and diagrams for better understanding
• A number of good questions of different types for practice
• Suitable structure
• Suitable vocabulary

So, we conclude that frequently misspelt words are not the characteristics of a good textbook.

Question tags are formed with the auxiliary or modal verb from the statement and the appropriate subject.
A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag. A negative statement is followed by a positive question tag.

Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation. Reading with a purpose helps the reader to direct information towards a goal and focuses their attention. 

• Reading refers to the well-planned reading approach which helps the learners to comprehend and perceive the meaning of the text effectively.

Noam Chomsky, known as the father of modern linguistics, has made a crucial contribution to the field of linguistics. According to Noam Chomsky, Humans are pre-programmed with an inborn/innate ability to develop language as they have LAD ( Language Acquisition Device) and it contains the knowledge of grammatical rules which is common to all languages and allows children to understand rules of whatever language they are listening to.
Chomsky's View about language in brief:

• Innate ability: He strongly believes that children born with an innate knowledge of grammar serve as the basis for all language acquisition.
• Generative grammar: According to Chomsky it refers to a finite set of rules to generate sentences and can be used to produce more sentences in that language.
• Universal Grammar Theory: It states that all children are born with an innate ability to acquire, develop, and understand language. Chomsky believed grammar must be a universal constant in humans because of something he dubbed the poverty of the stimulus.
• Language Acquisition Device: Chomsky proposed that humans are equipped with a language acquisition device that enables a child to acquire and produce language.
  • A human child is born with the ability to learn the language and they have LAD which generates grammar rules and helps to develop language.

Therefore, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that as per Noam Chomsky’s theory, the role of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) helps children to generate grammar rules.

Sign language is the best method to teach students with hearing disability. Sign languages use the visual-manual modality to convey the meaning. A person, who cannot hear, can comprehend the gestures and gather the material conveyed to him or her.

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, proposed that children's cognitive development proceeds through four stages:

• Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years): Children use their senses and motor abilities to understand the world around them. They learn through direct experiences with objects and people.
• Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years): Children develop mental symbols to represent objects and ideas. They begin to use language and engage in pretend play.
• Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years): Children develop the ability to think logically and systematically about concrete objects and events. They become more skilled at solving problems.
• Formal operational stage (11 years and beyond): Children develop abstract thinking skills and are able to reason logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.

These stages are not fixed and children may move through them at different rates. The stages provide a general framework for understanding children's cognitive development and can help educators tailor their instruction to meet the needs and abilities of their students.

The last line of the third paragraph states, "She dreamed of vast living rooms furnished in rare old silks, elegant furniture loaded with priceless ornaments, and inviting smaller rooms, perfumed, made for afternoon chats with close friends - famous, sought after men, who all women envy and desire."

"By the end of next year, I will have been 50 years old."
This sentence introduces the following tense form: Perfect
It is a future perfect tense.
The future perfect tense indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus "have" plus the "past participle of the verb" (which can be either regular or irregular in form).

Word is the basic unit of language. It refers to a speech sound or a mixture of two or more speech sounds in both written and verbal forms of language.

The author is trying to say that though Karnataka has many beautiful beaches, the beauty of the beaches is not known far and wide. ‘..lacks salesmen’ means that not many have tried to talk about Karnataka’s beaches and the beauty it beholds. The author also says there is no lack of beaches in Karnataka.

The activity that offers the most 'experience' while learning is production of a short documentary. A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.

The Direct Method is a language teaching method that emphasizes the use of target language communication and immersion. It aims to develop oral proficiency and natural language use through direct interaction and contextual learning.

Multimedia resources in learning the language:

• CD-ROMs: Several language learning multimedia CDROMs are built with entertainment. Besides, several language learning titles allow the learners to record and play their speech, and a speech recognition system with the titles will check for accuracy. This allows the learners to learn the correct pronunciations and also assess a learner's pronunciation on a quality scale.
• Interactive language books: Interactive book is another multimedia-enabled resource that allows users some control over the text they are reading. Mostly, interactive books use only text with simple interactivity such as allowing the reader to make comments on the margins, search by keywords, and mark text.
• Language Games: These games are mainly based on learning languages simply. These games provide high-speed accuracy and instant reactions to the player's control. Besides, instant feedback is given to the players as they progress through the game. Games like puzzle games, mind games, etc.

Therefore, we can conclude that all of the above are examples of multimedia resources that can be used in learning a language.

'Toe' is the only meaningful word that can be formed by using the letters O, T, E.

Language skill refers to the ability to use a language properly. In other words, the learner should be fully proficient in all four skills of the language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

• The process of writing is generally a way to put abstract thoughts, ideas, and concepts into words, and to bring imagination into reality with the help of proper words of a particular language. Students' writing skills usually improve naturally with their experiences, maturity, and practice.

Reasons behind challenges of teaching language:

• This is because there is a mismatch between what the teaching plan for the topic assumes as available prior knowledge and what individual students actually have.
• This is a problem that always comes up when a standard syllabus is covered according to a fixed calendar and learners are not ready for the given lesson.
• If they do not learn as expected, it is because of this inadequate preparation, and not because of low learning capacity
• The standard syllabus for any subject is based on certain logical and reasonable assumptions. The syllabus for Class V builds on the Class IV syllabus, and the Class VI syllabus builds on what is in the Class V syllabus, and so on.
• The problem in the classroom arises because every child has not properly learned or mastered everything covered earlier. Teachers often do some revision before taking up a new topic. This is of course useful, but may not be enough.

Thus, it could be concluded that 'this is the problem of low learning capacity and learners' ignorance which could be improved by drill and practice exercise' is not one of the best possible reasons behind the above-mentioned challenge of teaching language.

Learning Difficulties refers to a state when a person faces difficulty in learning. It may be due to physical limitations/disabilities such as - impairment in hearing, visual, low intellectual functioning, and inappropriate motor coordination.

• Diagnostic evaluation/test refers to the test which helps the teachers to know the learning difficulties or gaps in learner's understanding and identifying learner's strengths, weaknesses, skills, etc.

In the teaching-learning process, visually challenged learners suffer from an issue with sight or vision but when they are facilitated with the right training and tools, they develop a good literacy ability.
Instructional adaptations that a teacher should make while working with visually challenged learners include:

• using a lot of touches and feel materials.
• giving verbal clues to create opportunities to imagine.
• introducing tactile materials during classroom discussions.
• speaking clearly and loudly with appropriate pauses and reiterations.
• providing learning with the help of auditory systems such as an audio CD of the textbook, radio, etc.
• using the braille system to make them read-write as its raised dots will help the child to study the words through the pattern.

A teacher should not use a variety of visual presentations and written tasks especially worksheets for visually challenged learners as it could lead to low self-esteem and feeling of failure in them.
So, it could be concluded that a teacher should speak clearly and use a lot of touches and feel materials while working with visually challenged learners.
Tactile materials: It refers to the inputs which children receive through the receptive sensors of their skins.
Braille system: It refers to a pattern of raised dots called "Braille" to represent letters, numbers, and punctuation marks, that can be felt with a finger.

A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon or conjunction. An independent clause is a clause that has a subject and a verb and forms a complete thought.
Here, two independent clauses "the farmer was old" and "he could not plough..." are joined by the conjunction 'and'.

In free composition, the children are able to freely arrange their ideas in their own way and to choose their words freely. It is very helpful for higher-stage students.

The final lines of the first paragraph state, "the whole lottery took less than two hours so that it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner."