Karnataka TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 7 (Science and Mathematics) - Karnataka TET MCQ

William stern used the word IQ first.
Assessment of Intelligence:

• In 1905, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon made the first successful attempt to formally measure intelligence.
• In 1908, when the scale was revised, they gave the concept of Mental Age (MA), which is a measure of a person’s intellectual development relative to people of her/his age group.

Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the learner, not passively received from the environment. Knowledge is created or constructed by the experiencing individual. It is not impersonal or absolute.

• Bruner defines constructivism as a learning theory in which learning is seen as an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current and previous knowledge.

Creativity involves thinking originally, recombining ideas in new ways and breaking away from set ways of thinking and behavior.

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 is an education policy document in India that provides guidelines for school curriculum development. 

An anecdotal record is an observational method used frequently in classroom or learning settings in which the observer summarises a single developmental incident after the event has occurred. Written from memory, the anecdotal record documents a student's growth and trends.

Children’s Errors and Mistakes:

• are a window into how they think and learn. 
• are significant step in the teaching-learning process. 
• are necessary in the learning process to give insight into children's thinking.
• help the teacher to be aware of learners' learning styles, to cater to them according to their needs.
• are considered a part of the teaching-learning process as it helps to understand the child.

Hence, we conclude that the errors of learners often indicate how they learn.

Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget was the most well known and influential theorist for cognitive development. Piaget was interested in how children reacted to their environments.

• He envisioned a child's knowledge as composed of schemas, the basic unit of knowledge used to organize past experiences and serve as a basis for understanding new ones.
• Development is influence the most when a child's experiences interact with his physical environment.
• These processes are influenced by the child's experience and activity, social interactions, and biological process of becoming mature (maturation).
• They perform all activities and think within the framework of their socio-cultural environment. Therefore, their developmental processes can be only understood by studying children's (or people's) interactions with their culture.
• Interaction of physical factors such as temperature, humidity, pollution, and natural disasters on human behavior. The influence of the physical arrangement of the workplace on health, the emotional state, and interpersonal relations are also investigated.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that according to Piaget, experience with the physical world plays an important role in influencing development.

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार विक्रेता को अपने ग्राहकों को विकल्प देने होंगे।
• इस अधिकार को मोनोपोली ट्रेंड के खिलाफ बने कानूनों के जरिए लागू किया जाता है।

बच्चा जब दुनिया में आता है तो सबसे पहले माँ के सम्पर्क में आता है। इस तरह बच्चा जिस भी भाषा को सुनना व प्रयोग करना सीखता है वह अपनी माँ से सीखता है।

• इस तरह मातृभाषा मां और घर के माहौल से सीखी जाने वाली सबसे पहली भाषा है।

विजयनगर के भग्नाशेष जनशून्य दृश्यावली के बीच फैले है।
सन्दर्भ पंक्ति - विजयनगर के भग्नाशेष एक दूसरे पर टंगी विशाल चट्टानों की निर्जन दृश्यावली के बीच फैले हैं।
दक्षिण भारत के राजनीतिक परिदृश्य में अपने उदय से पूर्व हम्पी कई शताब्दियों से एक प्रख्यात पावन स्थल था।

प्रस्तुत गद्यांश में कठोपनिषद् ग्रन्थ का उल्लेख नहीं है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से राजा का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'भूदेव' नहीं है। 
• भूदेव के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - कृषक, विद्वान, किसान, ब्राह्मण, ज्ञानी। 
• राजा के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - नरपति, नृप, महीप, राव, सम्राट, नरेश, महीपति, अवनीपति।
• पर्याय का अर्थ “समान” और वाची का अर्थ “बोले जाने वाले” होता है।
• किन्हीं दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों के अर्थ में समानता होती है, ऐसे शब्दों को पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते है।

स्वतंत्र लेखन: स्वतंत्र लेखन का अर्थ अंतर्ज्ञान, व्यक्तिगत अवलोकन और अनुभव से लिखना है।
इस स्तर पर, शिक्षार्थी विभिन्न संरचनाओं, शब्दावली और शाब्दिक वस्तुओं को चुनने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं और अपने स्वयं के विचारों को व्यक्त करते हैं। इसलिए इस प्रकार की रचना को मुक्त रचना कहा जाता है।
मुक्त रचना में पर्याप्त अभ्यास विद्यार्थियों को घटनाओं का वर्णन करने और रोजमर्रा की जिंदगी पर रिपोर्ट लिखने में सक्षम बनाता है।
स्वतंत्र रचना में व्यक्ति अपनी भाषा का उपयोग करने के लिए स्वतंत्र होता है।
लेखक की स्वतंत्र लेखन​ प्रकृति - उसकी भावनाओं, संवेगों, भाषा के अलंकार का ज्ञान, भाषा का प्रवाह, विचारों के संगठन, उसकी पसंद और नापसंद, आदि की जाँच करता है।
उच्च कक्षाओं में, विद्यार्थियों को मुक्त रचना लिखने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है।
स्वतंत्र रचना के कुछ प्रकार है - यात्रा वृत्तान्त, प्रकृति वर्णन, जीवनी लेखन आदि।
अतः विकल्प (C) सही  है।

श्रवण कौशल भाषा सीखने की रीढ़ है।
किसी भी भाषा में मौखिक गायन में भाग लेना और उसकी व्याख्या करना श्रवण कहलाता है। छात्र भाषा वस्तुओं, जैसे शब्दों, मुहावरों, वाक्यांशों, स्वर आदि का अनुकरण और याद करता है और इस तरह भाषा बोलना सीखता है। श्रवण कौशल किसी भाषा को सीखने की रीढ़ होता है, भले ही वह पहली या दूसरी भाषा हो।

शिक्षार्थियों के सतत् एवं समग्र मूल्यांकन (CCE) पर प्रभावी जोर राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति, 1986 में दिया गया। सतत और व्यापक मूल्यांकन (सी. सी. ई.) प्रणाली विद्यार्थियों कि विद्यालय आधारित  मूल्यांकन प्रणाली है, इसमें छात्र के विकास के सभी पहलु को रखा जाता है।

• सतत आकलन- सतत तथा व्यापक मूल्यांकन का अर्थ है छात्रों के विद्यालय आधारित मूल्यांकन की प्रणाली जिसमें छात्र के विकास के सभी पक्ष शामिल हैं। सतत का शाब्दिक अर्थ लगातार है। सतत के साथ आकलन जुड़ा है अर्थात् लगातार आकलन करना। 
• सतत आकलन एवं कक्षा शिक्षण प्रक्रिया साथ-साथ चलने वाली प्रक्रिया है। हिन्दी भाषा में सतत आकलन- का सर्वाधिक उचित तरीका बच्चों को अपने अनुभवों को कहने-लिखने के पर्याप्त अवसर देते हुए कहने-लिखने की प्रक्रिया में उनका आकलन करना है।
• सतत तथा व्यापक मूल्यांकन भारत के स्कूलों में मूल्यांकन के लिये लागू की गयी एक नीति है जिसे 2009 में आरम्भ किया गया था।

भाषा एक व्यावहारिक विषय है अत: उसके अभ्यासों में इतनी संभावना होनी चाहिए कि वे बच्चों को भाषा-प्रयोग के साथ सार्थक अवसर प्रदान कर सके। प्रश्नों का स्वरूप ऐसा हो जहाँ बच्चे अपने निजी अनुभवों को साझा कर सकें। अपनी अभिव्यक्ति को सुदृढ़ बना सकें। निर्धारित एवं निश्चित उत्तरों से आगे विभिन्‍न उत्तरों वाले प्रश्नों को अभ्यासों में स्थान दिया जाना चाहिए।

• छात्र को अपनी भाषा का ऐसा ज्ञान हो कि वह भाषा प्रयोग के विभिन्न क्षेत्रो में एवं सन्दर्भो में यथोचित भाषा शैली प्रयुक्ति अवं सामाजिक या संस्थागत शिष्टाचारों से भली भाँति अवगत हो सके।

'नारी-मुख की नव किरणों से युग-प्रभात हो ज्योतित!' पंक्ति का भाव होगा- नारी अपने कार्यों से समाज को नई दिशा देती है।
पद्यांश के अनुसार:- पंक्ति का आशय यह है कि नारी के नए रूप से नए युग का प्रभात प्रकाशित होता है। अर्थात नारी अपने कार्यों से समाज को नई दिशा देती है। 

Knowledge may have a weightage of 80%.

The English language has achieved a prior place in the curriculum. The aim of teaching the English language is to help children to acquire practical commands of the English language. In the present era, English language teaching is facing several problems.

• Problems of spelling errors of students can be solved through Dictation. Dictation is an act or manner of uttering words to be transcribed.
• Dictation is the process of writing down what someone else has said.
• Dictation provides a chance for everyone to model many writing behaviors, including handwriting, match the sounds, sound to letters to the spell, etc.

The Grammar-Translation Method does not emphasize spoken English.
Teaching method: Different teaching methods are used by teachers as per the requirements of students. For choosing the one, the teacher may classify students based on their abilities (ability grouping) or he can choose it based on the compatibility of the topic.
Grammar-Translation Method: The grammar-translation method is not based on any theory of language teaching, but its roots can be traced to the way classical languages such as Latin and Greek were taught.

• The vocabulary is taught through bilingual word lists and there was a lot of stress on the memorization of words.
• In the Grammar - Translation Method, English is greatly emphasized but not spoken.
• Students are given lists of target language vocabulary words with their native language equivalents and are asked to memorize them.
• Grammatical accuracy is given great importance.
• Word to word translation in the mother tongue is considered an effective way of learning the target language.

NOTE: In Grammar - Translation Method, emphasizing spoken English is not considered an effective way of learning the target language

Audio-visual aids are also called instructional material. Audio literally means hearing and visual means found by seeing. So, all aids, which endeavour to make the knowledge clear to us through our sense are called audio-visual aids or instructional material.
Television is an audio-visual aid. It is one of the most versatile audio-visual aids ever. Television focuses the attention of students on a particular topic. Through television a good teacher can reach the students spread over distant schools simultaneously and effectively. Various lessons and demonstrations duly illustrated by slides, models, specimens, etc. can be observed by the pupils and the teachers. Many educational talks and discussions can be seen.

A language item refers to a specific unit or element of language, such as a word, phrase, grammatical structure, or vocabulary item, that is taught or learned in language education and communication.

A diverse classroom refers to a learning environment where students come from different cultural, linguistic, ethnic, religious, socio-economic and/or academic backgrounds.

• The students in a diverse classroom may have different learning needs, abilities, and styles. Therefore, teaching in a diverse classroom requires teachers to have a range of instructional strategies that can cater to the diverse needs of students.

While learning a language, the programmed instruction provides opportunities for independent study, a wide range of reference material and an immediate feedback about achievement.
Programmed instruction is a method of presenting new subject matter to students in a graded sequence of controlled steps. Students work through the programmed material by themselves at their own speed and after each step, test their comprehension by answering an examination question or filling in a diagram.

829030000 expressed in the standard form is 8.2903 x 10⁸
Now, 8.2903 x 10⁸ = k x 10ⁿ
Thus, k = 8.2903, n = 8
k + n = 8.2903 + 8 = 16.2903
Thus, option (2) is correct.

A concept map provides a concrete record of the connections perceived by the students, and thus it indicates how the student’s knowledge is organized and interconnected. Mapping is the creative process of organizing content and can be used in planning lessons, learning, and developing mathematical literacy and spatial thinking.

The first-aid kit in the classroom contains tartaric acid, iodine, antiseptic lotion and potassium permanganate. The item you use to give first-aid to the victim of scorpion bite is potassium permanganate or tartaric acid. As scorpion venom is weakly acidic and to neutralise this acid, potassium permanganate is used since it is a base, and it will reduce the pain.

• Blood is red in colour due to the presence of Haemoglobin.
• Haemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.
• Haemoglobin present in RBC carries or transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, whereas it also carries forward carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
• Haemoglobin is a fused protein in which a protein called globin and an iron ion are found.

An explorer is a person who travels and investigates little known places to gain new knowledge.

• Most nonmetals do not react with air at room temperature.
• But, White phosphorus is the only nonmetal that reacts with air to form its oxide by burning.
• Phosphorus is a non-metallic element.
• White phosphorus is the form that occurs most commonly at room temperature.
• It is very reactive and combines with oxygen in the air very easily.
• It catches fire spontaneously when exposed to air.
• In chemical laboratories, it is stored underwater to avoid burning.