Karnataka TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 9 (Science and Mathematics) - Karnataka TET MCQ

Socially Disadvantaged Students are the children who have hindrances to excelling in school because of detrimental circumstances beyond their control.

• These include children from SC / ST and other socially and educationally backward categories based on cultural, economic, social, geographical, linguistic, gender, or other categories.
• It also includes financial and social hardships as well as problems within students' families.

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, proposed that children's cognitive development proceeds through four stages:

• Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years): Children use their senses and motor abilities to understand the world around them. They learn through direct experiences with objects and people.
• Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years): Children develop mental symbols to represent objects and ideas. They begin to use language and engage in pretend play.
• Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years): Children develop the ability to think logically and systematically about concrete objects and events. They become more skilled at solving problems.
• Formal operational stage (11 years and beyond): Children develop abstract thinking skills and are able to reason logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.

These stages are not fixed and children may move through them at different rates. The stages provide a general framework for understanding children's cognitive development and can help educators tailor their instruction to meet the needs and abilities of their students.

Physical health and mental health are both interrelated. Poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical conditions.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: It is a hierarchical ordering of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains and each domain has some objectives that can help teachers teach and students learn. As per him, there are three Domains of Learning:

• Cognitive domains: In this domain, a child deals with knowledge and hence, learns to create, evaluate, analyze, apply, understand, remember.
• Affective domains: When it comes to growth in emotional areas, this domain comes into play.
  • Receiving: When a learner shows sensitivity to certain stimuli.
  • Responding:  It is defined as the tendency to respond to an object or stimuli.
  • Valuing: It refers to the acceptance of a behaviour and commitment to it. One values certain behaviours not by desires but by commitment.
  • Organizing: It refers to organizing the value system which is attained when one develops one’s code of conduct or standard of public life.
  • Characterizing: It deals with behaviour as per values or attitudes a child has imbibed; children show teamwork.
• Psychomotor domains: These domains are nothing but manual or physical skills. It deals with physical coordination, movements, and motor skills. It includes imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and naturalization.

Therefore, we conclude that the correct order is Receiving, Responding, Valuing, Organizing, Characterizing.

Teachers blame learning problems in students based on lack of Motivation.
Learning may be defined as “any relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential produced by experience”.

• One must remember that some behavioral changes occur due to the use of drugs, or fatigue.
• Such changes are temporary. They are not considered learning.
• Changes due to practice and experience, which are relatively permanent, are illustrative of learning.

Social skills refer to the abilities required to interact effectively with others. Developing social skills is an important aspect of education as it helps students in personal and professional growth.

व्याकरण वह शास्त्र है जो भाषा से संबधित नियमों का ज्ञान कराता है। किसी भाषा की संरचना का सिद्धान्त अथवा नियम ही उसका व्याकरण है। यदि व्याकरण द्वारा भाषा को स्थिर न रखा जाय तो उसका महत्व व स्वरूप ही नष्ट हो जाएगा। अतः भाषा के शीघ्र परिवर्तन को रोकने के लिए ही व्याकरण का उस पर नियंत्रण कर दिया गया है। व्याकरण के ज्ञान का मुख्य उद्देश्य भाषा-प्रयोग में व्याकरण का ध्यान रखना है।

वास्तविकता शब्द - वास्तव + इक + ता (वास्तविकता शब्द में "प्रत्ययों इक और ता" है।
वास्तविकता शब्द में दो प्रत्यय (इक और ता) का प्रयोग हुआ है। वास्तव में इक प्रत्यय जोड़ने पर वास्तविक तथा वास्तविक में ता प्रत्यय जोड़ने पर वास्तविकता शब्द बनता है।
अन्य विकल्प -
ज्ञानवान - ज्ञान + वान
विशेषता - विशेष + ता
विचारधारा - विचार + धारा
अन्य तथ्य -
प्रत्यय - प्रत्यय दो शब्दों से बना है- प्रति+अय। 'प्रति' का अर्थ 'साथ में, 'पर बाद में' है और 'अय' का अर्थ 'चलने वाला' है।
प्रत्यय = मूल शब्द + प्रत्यय शब्द = नया शब्द
उदाहरण – मनुष्यता = मनुष्य + ता
प्रत्यय के भेद - प्रत्यय के दो प्रकार है -
(1) कृत् प्रत्यय
(2) तद्धित प्रत्यय

भाषा कौशल को एकीकृत तरीके से बेहतर तरीके से सीखा जा सकता है क्योंकि यह सभी कौशलों का फायदा उठाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, जब हम बोलते हैं, हम एक साथ सुनते भी हैं, जब हम लिखते हैं तो हम पढ़ भी रहे होते हैं।
भाषा के साथ यह जुड़ाव हमें भाषा की अंतर्निहित व्याकरणिकता को आंतरिक करने में सक्षम बनाता है। यह भाषा सीखने की ओर जाता है।
इसलिए उपर्युक्त बिन्दुओं से यह स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि भाषा कौशल को बेहतर ढंग से सीखा जा सकता है यदि उन्हें एकीकृत तरीके से पढ़ाया जाए।

रहा शब्द समूह से भिन्न है।

• रहा शब्द क्रिया है 
• जबकि अन्य शब्द संज्ञा है।
• हिन्दी - विशेष भाषा - व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा 
• अंग्रेजी  - विशेष भाषा - व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा 
• भाषा - सम्पूर्ण जाति - जातिवाचक संज्ञा 

'समय' में 'इक' प्रत्यय जोड़ने पर शब्द बनेगा - 'सामयिक'
समय- बेला, काल, घड़ी, वक्त, अवसर, मौका, अवकाश
 प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ता है।

शब्दों के अर्थ स्पष्ट करने की सर्वश्रेष्ठ पद्धति 'वाक्य-प्रयोग द्वारा बच्चों को अर्थ का अनुमान लगाने का अवसर देना' है। बच्चा किसी भी भाषा के शब्दों का अर्थ तब आत्मसात् करता है जब वह उन वस्तुओं अथवा शब्दों को स्वयं के जीवन से जोड़कर देखता है। शब्दों के अर्थ स्पष्ट करने की सर्वश्रेष्ठ पद्धति वाक्य-प्रयोग द्वारा बच्चों को अर्थ का अनुमान लगाने का अवसर देना है।

सामान्यतया यह माना जाता है कि भाषा अभिव्यक्ति और संप्रेषण का माध्यम है, जिसकी सहायता से लोग एक-दूसरे तक अपनी बात पहुँचाते हैं। भाषा को मात्र संप्रेषण का माध्यम मानना, भाषा के प्रति संकुचित दृष्टिकोण है। वास्तव में भाषा की भूमिका इससे कहीं अधिक है।

'अवगुंठन' शब्द का अर्थ घूँघट' है।
अव + गुंठन = 'अवगुंठन'
'अव' (हीन) उपसर्ग और 'गुंठन' (छिपाना) मूल शब्द
अर्थ: कपड़े से मुँह छिपाने या ढकने की क्रिया।

Differentiated instruction is a teaching approach that tailors instruction to students' different learning needs. It refers to teaching through various tasks such as creating charts, graphs, drawing, gathering information, and presenting them through pair or group work. 

• It is an approach to teaching that is intended to meet the learning needs of children with multiple intelligences & diverse abilities. 
• It helps teachers to plan and deliver instructions based on the different strengths and weaknesses of the children in their classroom. 
• It uses flexible grouping patterns; sometimes whole-class instruction occurs, and sometimes children work in small groups. 

Writing is a creative and expressive skill, and asking students to generate their own ideas allows them to showcase their understanding, creativity, and ability to organize their thoughts in written form.

• Paragraph writing is the process of composing a group of related sentences that focus on a specific topic or idea, presenting coherent and organized information to convey meaning and support a central theme or argument.
• While testing paragraph writing, it is ideal for the teacher to ask students to express their own thoughts and ideas rather than copying from a textbook or relying on memorized content.
• It also provides an opportunity for students to develop their critical thinking skills, language proficiency, and ability to communicate effectively.
• By encouraging students to write their own thoughts, teachers can assess their writing skills, coherence, and ability to express themselves independently.

Hence, it is clear that while testing paragraph writing the teacher should ask the students to write their own thoughts.

The main idea is a statement that sums up the general theme of the passage. The passage as a whole focuses on Managing soil carbon for climate change and food security. The other choices address more specific ideas expressed in the passage but are not its main idea. 

Learning Difficulties refers to a state when a person faces difficulty in learning. It may be due to physical limitations/disabilities such as - impairment in hearing, visual, low intellectual functioning, and inappropriate motor coordination.

• Diagnostic evaluation/test refers to the test which helps the teachers to know the learning difficulties or gaps in learner's understanding and identifying learner's strengths, weaknesses, skills, etc.

A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon or conjunction. An independent clause is a clause that has a subject and a verb and forms a complete thought.
Here, two independent clauses "the farmer was old" and "he could not plough..." are joined by the conjunction 'and'.

100% pure gold = 24 carat
50% pure gold = 12 carat = Rs 30,000
∴ 22 carat cost = 30,000 ÷ 12 × 22 = Rs 55,000
Detailed solution
GIVEN:
24 carat gold is hundred percent pure gold.
Price of 50% pure gold is Rs. 30,000
So, price of 1% pure gold = Rs. 600
CONCEPT:
In 22 carat gold pure gold is 22 parts out of 24 parts.
CALCULATION:

Percent of pure gold in 22 carat gold =(22/24)×100% = 91(2/3)%
Since, price of 1% pure gold = Rs. 600
∴ Price of pure gold in 22 carat Gold  = Rs.600 × 91(2/3)%
⇒ Price of pure gold in 22 carat Gold = Rs. 55,000

The following steps are performed to test the presence of protein in a food item:
Take a small quantity of the food item to be tested.
Grind the food item and powder it by mashing.
Put the food item into a test tube.
Add 10 drops of water into the same test tube.
Add two drops of copper sulphate solution to the same test tube.
Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution and shake the same test tube.
Observe the colour of the mixture.
Violet colour indicates the presence of proteins in the tested food item.

Frictional force is an example of contact force, while gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force are examples of non-contact forces.

• Hot air is lighter than cold air. 
• If there is a hot temperature in an area, the hot light air goes up. 
• This reduces air and hence reduced atmospheric pressure is created at that area. 
• Now, the empty space formed is occupied by the air coming from high-pressure areas. 
• The flow of air from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area causes wind.
• The speed of the wind will be more if the pressure difference will be more. 

So, it is clear that the if atmospheric pressure increases, the wind speed will increase. 

Magnetic field:

• The area around a magnet where a magnetic force is experienced is called the magnetic field.
• It is a quantity that has both direction and magnitude, (i.e., Vector quantity).

The relative atomic masses of many elements are not whole numbers because there are different isotopes of the elements. The atomic weight is the average based on the proportions that they occur in naturally.

This will be considered as the most suitable option because there are more chances of getting different amount of results if we are getting results in percentages as compared to any other option.

While learning mathematics, children come up with their own naive theories, which needs to be cleaned by the teacher. 

• It is clear from the scenario of Rohit saying that numerator is the same, he is aware of the concept of numerator and denominator.
• While comparing fractions with the same numerator, the fraction which has a smaller denominator is considered as bigger.
• Thus, the answer must be '3/5 is bigger than 3/7'. But Rohit says it in the opposite way. It is because doe not know the concept of resultant magnitude of fractions.

Hence, we conclude that Rohit does not understand the magnitude of fractions.

According to Piaget, the child acquires mathematical knowledge using real objects in the concrete operational stage. In order to teach mathematics during this stage, teachers use manipulatives to explore concepts such as place value and arithmetical skills. These manipulatives can include algebra tiles, geoboards, dice, etc. As students use the materials, they acquire experiences that help lay the foundation for more advanced mathematical thinking. Furthermore, students' use of materials helps to build their mathematical confidence by giving them a way to test and confirm their reasoning.

• The bread, cereals, and pasta group is a good source of carbohydrates.
• Grain products like bread, cereal, rice, and pasta are good for health.
• They are important sources of vitamins and minerals.

In Project-cum-laboratory method, students get an opportunity to do experiments individually or in small groups. A teacher carries the needed equipment and material in the classroom-cum-laboratory, students pick up the materials and take them to their work tables, and return them to the teacher after doing the laboratory work.