NIACL Assistant Mock Test - 9 - Insurance Exams MCQ

Directions : Read the following Passage, and answer the questions based on this passage.

Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defense in minimizing fraud risk. This section of the guide will cover preventive techniques. Detective techniques will be covered in Section 4.

One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual.With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.

The system of internal controls in an organization is designed to address inherent business risks. The business risks are identified in the enterprise risk assessment protocol, and the controls associated with each risk are noted. COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework describes the essential ERM components, principles, and concepts for all organizations, regardless of size.

Establishing internal controls may not address all of an organization’s fraud risks. Fraud risks, although a form of business risk, necessitate specific controls to mitigate them, which makes an organization’s fraud risk assessment process essential to fraud prevention. In addition to implementing fraud preventive controls, it is important that the organization assess and continuously monitor their operational effectiveness to help prevent fraud from occurring.

Prevention is the most proactive fraud-fighting measure. The design and implementation of control activities should be a coordinated effort spearheaded by management with an assembled cast of employees. Collectively, this cross section of the organization should be able to address all of the identified risks, design and implement the control activities, and ensure that the techniques used are adequate to prevent fraud from occurring in accordance with the organization’s risk tolerance. The ongoing success of any fraud prevention program depends on its continuous communication and reinforcement. Stressing the existence of a fraud prevention program through a wide variety of media — posters on bulletin boards, flyers included with invoices and vendor payments, and articles in internal and external communications — gets the message out to both internal and external communities that the organization is committed to preventing and deterring fraud.

Among the many elements in fraud prevention are HR procedures, authority limits, and transaction level procedures. An organization’s HR function can play an important role in fraud prevention by implementing the following procedures. A key business and fraud risk in any organization lies in the people hired to operate the business and promoted into positions of trust and authority. For that reason, it is important to know employees in order to evaluate their credentials and competence, match skills to the job requirements, and be aware of any issues of personal integrity that may impact their suitability for the position. Much can be learned about an individual through confirmation of work history and education presented on a job application or résumé or in follow-up with references provided. It is possible to find false or embellished information or undisclosed history and reputation that may represent increased, and possibly unacceptable, risk.

While the organization should establish procedures to obtain sufficient information to assess a job applicant or promotion candidate, the nature and extent of information that can be requested from a prospective or existing employee or obtained independently is governed by applicable laws and regulations. Further or enhanced background checking for criminal record or personal financial situation may only be possible upon receiving the individual’s consent. Legal counsel should be sought to advise on what background information can and cannot be obtained and the appropriate procedures to follow.

Background checks should also be performed on new and existing suppliers, customers, and business partners to identify any issues of financial health, ownership, reputation, and integrity that may represent an unacceptable risk to the business

Q. What is the strong deterrent for fraud according to this passage?

Directions : Read the following Passage, and answer the questions based on this passage.

Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defense in minimizing fraud risk. This section of the guide will cover preventive techniques. Detective techniques will be covered in Section 4.

One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual.With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.

The system of internal controls in an organization is designed to address inherent business risks. The business risks are identified in the enterprise risk assessment protocol, and the controls associated with each risk are noted. COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework describes the essential ERM components, principles, and concepts for all organizations, regardless of size.

Establishing internal controls may not address all of an organization’s fraud risks. Fraud risks, although a form of business risk, necessitate specific controls to mitigate them, which makes an organization’s fraud risk assessment process essential to fraud prevention. In addition to implementing fraud preventive controls, it is important that the organization assess and continuously monitor their operational effectiveness to help prevent fraud from occurring.

Prevention is the most proactive fraud-fighting measure. The design and implementation of control activities should be a coordinated effort spearheaded by management with an assembled cast of employees. Collectively, this cross section of the organization should be able to address all of the identified risks, design and implement the control activities, and ensure that the techniques used are adequate to prevent fraud from occurring in accordance with the organization’s risk tolerance. The ongoing success of any fraud prevention program depends on its continuous communication and reinforcement. Stressing the existence of a fraud prevention program through a wide variety of media — posters on bulletin boards, flyers included with invoices and vendor payments, and articles in internal and external communications — gets the message out to both internal and external communities that the organization is committed to preventing and deterring fraud.

Among the many elements in fraud prevention are HR procedures, authority limits, and transaction level procedures. An organization’s HR function can play an important role in fraud prevention by implementing the following procedures. A key business and fraud risk in any organization lies in the people hired to operate the business and promoted into positions of trust and authority. For that reason, it is important to know employees in order to evaluate their credentials and competence, match skills to the job requirements, and be aware of any issues of personal integrity that may impact their suitability for the position. Much can be learned about an individual through confirmation of work history and education presented on a job application or résumé or in follow-up with references provided. It is possible to find false or embellished information or undisclosed history and reputation that may represent increased, and possibly unacceptable, risk.

While the organization should establish procedures to obtain sufficient information to assess a job applicant or promotion candidate, the nature and extent of information that can be requested from a prospective or existing employee or obtained independently is governed by applicable laws and regulations. Further or enhanced background checking for criminal record or personal financial situation may only be possible upon receiving the individual’s consent. Legal counsel should be sought to advise on what background information can and cannot be obtained and the appropriate procedures to follow.

Background checks should also be performed on new and existing suppliers, customers, and business partners to identify any issues of financial health, ownership, reputation, and integrity that may represent an unacceptable risk to the business

Q. Apart from the employees, who are the other entities that have been suggested to keep a watch on for fraud purposes?

Directions : Read the following Passage, and answer the questions based on this passage.

Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defense in minimizing fraud risk. This section of the guide will cover preventive techniques. Detective techniques will be covered in Section 4.

One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual.With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.

The system of internal controls in an organization is designed to address inherent business risks. The business risks are identified in the enterprise risk assessment protocol, and the controls associated with each risk are noted. COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework describes the essential ERM components, principles, and concepts for all organizations, regardless of size.

Establishing internal controls may not address all of an organization’s fraud risks. Fraud risks, although a form of business risk, necessitate specific controls to mitigate them, which makes an organization’s fraud risk assessment process essential to fraud prevention. In addition to implementing fraud preventive controls, it is important that the organization assess and continuously monitor their operational effectiveness to help prevent fraud from occurring.

Prevention is the most proactive fraud-fighting measure. The design and implementation of control activities should be a coordinated effort spearheaded by management with an assembled cast of employees. Collectively, this cross section of the organization should be able to address all of the identified risks, design and implement the control activities, and ensure that the techniques used are adequate to prevent fraud from occurring in accordance with the organization’s risk tolerance. The ongoing success of any fraud prevention program depends on its continuous communication and reinforcement. Stressing the existence of a fraud prevention program through a wide variety of media — posters on bulletin boards, flyers included with invoices and vendor payments, and articles in internal and external communications — gets the message out to both internal and external communities that the organization is committed to preventing and deterring fraud.

Among the many elements in fraud prevention are HR procedures, authority limits, and transaction level procedures. An organization’s HR function can play an important role in fraud prevention by implementing the following procedures. A key business and fraud risk in any organization lies in the people hired to operate the business and promoted into positions of trust and authority. For that reason, it is important to know employees in order to evaluate their credentials and competence, match skills to the job requirements, and be aware of any issues of personal integrity that may impact their suitability for the position. Much can be learned about an individual through confirmation of work history and education presented on a job application or résumé or in follow-up with references provided. It is possible to find false or embellished information or undisclosed history and reputation that may represent increased, and possibly unacceptable, risk.

While the organization should establish procedures to obtain sufficient information to assess a job applicant or promotion candidate, the nature and extent of information that can be requested from a prospective or existing employee or obtained independently is governed by applicable laws and regulations. Further or enhanced background checking for criminal record or personal financial situation may only be possible upon receiving the individual’s consent. Legal counsel should be sought to advise on what background information can and cannot be obtained and the appropriate procedures to follow.

Background checks should also be performed on new and existing suppliers, customers, and business partners to identify any issues of financial health, ownership, reputation, and integrity that may represent an unacceptable risk to the business

Q. In the following question, find the word that is most similar in the meaning to the word “mitigate”?

Directions : Read the following Passage, and answer the questions based on this passage.

Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defense in minimizing fraud risk. This section of the guide will cover preventive techniques. Detective techniques will be covered in Section 4.

One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual.With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.

The system of internal controls in an organization is designed to address inherent business risks. The business risks are identified in the enterprise risk assessment protocol, and the controls associated with each risk are noted. COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework describes the essential ERM components, principles, and concepts for all organizations, regardless of size.

Establishing internal controls may not address all of an organization’s fraud risks. Fraud risks, although a form of business risk, necessitate specific controls to mitigate them, which makes an organization’s fraud risk assessment process essential to fraud prevention. In addition to implementing fraud preventive controls, it is important that the organization assess and continuously monitor their operational effectiveness to help prevent fraud from occurring.

Prevention is the most proactive fraud-fighting measure. The design and implementation of control activities should be a coordinated effort spearheaded by management with an assembled cast of employees. Collectively, this cross section of the organization should be able to address all of the identified risks, design and implement the control activities, and ensure that the techniques used are adequate to prevent fraud from occurring in accordance with the organization’s risk tolerance. The ongoing success of any fraud prevention program depends on its continuous communication and reinforcement. Stressing the existence of a fraud prevention program through a wide variety of media — posters on bulletin boards, flyers included with invoices and vendor payments, and articles in internal and external communications — gets the message out to both internal and external communities that the organization is committed to preventing and deterring fraud.

Among the many elements in fraud prevention are HR procedures, authority limits, and transaction level procedures. An organization’s HR function can play an important role in fraud prevention by implementing the following procedures. A key business and fraud risk in any organization lies in the people hired to operate the business and promoted into positions of trust and authority. For that reason, it is important to know employees in order to evaluate their credentials and competence, match skills to the job requirements, and be aware of any issues of personal integrity that may impact their suitability for the position. Much can be learned about an individual through confirmation of work history and education presented on a job application or résumé or in follow-up with references provided. It is possible to find false or embellished information or undisclosed history and reputation that may represent increased, and possibly unacceptable, risk.

While the organization should establish procedures to obtain sufficient information to assess a job applicant or promotion candidate, the nature and extent of information that can be requested from a prospective or existing employee or obtained independently is governed by applicable laws and regulations. Further or enhanced background checking for criminal record or personal financial situation may only be possible upon receiving the individual’s consent. Legal counsel should be sought to advise on what background information can and cannot be obtained and the appropriate procedures to follow.

Background checks should also be performed on new and existing suppliers, customers, and business partners to identify any issues of financial health, ownership, reputation, and integrity that may represent an unacceptable risk to the business

Q. In the following question, find the word that is most similar in the meaning to the word “Notion”?

Directions : Read the following Passage, and answer the questions based on this passage.

Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defense in minimizing fraud risk. This section of the guide will cover preventive techniques. Detective techniques will be covered in Section 4.

One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual.With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.

The system of internal controls in an organization is designed to address inherent business risks. The business risks are identified in the enterprise risk assessment protocol, and the controls associated with each risk are noted. COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework describes the essential ERM components, principles, and concepts for all organizations, regardless of size.

Establishing internal controls may not address all of an organization’s fraud risks. Fraud risks, although a form of business risk, necessitate specific controls to mitigate them, which makes an organization’s fraud risk assessment process essential to fraud prevention. In addition to implementing fraud preventive controls, it is important that the organization assess and continuously monitor their operational effectiveness to help prevent fraud from occurring.

Prevention is the most proactive fraud-fighting measure. The design and implementation of control activities should be a coordinated effort spearheaded by management with an assembled cast of employees. Collectively, this cross section of the organization should be able to address all of the identified risks, design and implement the control activities, and ensure that the techniques used are adequate to prevent fraud from occurring in accordance with the organization’s risk tolerance. The ongoing success of any fraud prevention program depends on its continuous communication and reinforcement. Stressing the existence of a fraud prevention program through a wide variety of media — posters on bulletin boards, flyers included with invoices and vendor payments, and articles in internal and external communications — gets the message out to both internal and external communities that the organization is committed to preventing and deterring fraud.

Among the many elements in fraud prevention are HR procedures, authority limits, and transaction level procedures. An organization’s HR function can play an important role in fraud prevention by implementing the following procedures. A key business and fraud risk in any organization lies in the people hired to operate the business and promoted into positions of trust and authority. For that reason, it is important to know employees in order to evaluate their credentials and competence, match skills to the job requirements, and be aware of any issues of personal integrity that may impact their suitability for the position. Much can be learned about an individual through confirmation of work history and education presented on a job application or résumé or in follow-up with references provided. It is possible to find false or embellished information or undisclosed history and reputation that may represent increased, and possibly unacceptable, risk.

While the organization should establish procedures to obtain sufficient information to assess a job applicant or promotion candidate, the nature and extent of information that can be requested from a prospective or existing employee or obtained independently is governed by applicable laws and regulations. Further or enhanced background checking for criminal record or personal financial situation may only be possible upon receiving the individual’s consent. Legal counsel should be sought to advise on what background information can and cannot be obtained and the appropriate procedures to follow.

Background checks should also be performed on new and existing suppliers, customers, and business partners to identify any issues of financial health, ownership, reputation, and integrity that may represent an unacceptable risk to the business

Q. In the following question, find the word that is opposite in the meaning to the word “prevention”?

Directions : Read the following Passage, and answer the questions based on this passage.

Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defense in minimizing fraud risk. This section of the guide will cover preventive techniques. Detective techniques will be covered in Section 4.

One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual.With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.

The system of internal controls in an organization is designed to address inherent business risks. The business risks are identified in the enterprise risk assessment protocol, and the controls associated with each risk are noted. COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework describes the essential ERM components, principles, and concepts for all organizations, regardless of size.

Establishing internal controls may not address all of an organization’s fraud risks. Fraud risks, although a form of business risk, necessitate specific controls to mitigate them, which makes an organization’s fraud risk assessment process essential to fraud prevention. In addition to implementing fraud preventive controls, it is important that the organization assess and continuously monitor their operational effectiveness to help prevent fraud from occurring.

Prevention is the most proactive fraud-fighting measure. The design and implementation of control activities should be a coordinated effort spearheaded by management with an assembled cast of employees. Collectively, this cross section of the organization should be able to address all of the identified risks, design and implement the control activities, and ensure that the techniques used are adequate to prevent fraud from occurring in accordance with the organization’s risk tolerance. The ongoing success of any fraud prevention program depends on its continuous communication and reinforcement. Stressing the existence of a fraud prevention program through a wide variety of media — posters on bulletin boards, flyers included with invoices and vendor payments, and articles in internal and external communications — gets the message out to both internal and external communities that the organization is committed to preventing and deterring fraud.

Among the many elements in fraud prevention are HR procedures, authority limits, and transaction level procedures. An organization’s HR function can play an important role in fraud prevention by implementing the following procedures. A key business and fraud risk in any organization lies in the people hired to operate the business and promoted into positions of trust and authority. For that reason, it is important to know employees in order to evaluate their credentials and competence, match skills to the job requirements, and be aware of any issues of personal integrity that may impact their suitability for the position. Much can be learned about an individual through confirmation of work history and education presented on a job application or résumé or in follow-up with references provided. It is possible to find false or embellished information or undisclosed history and reputation that may represent increased, and possibly unacceptable, risk.

While the organization should establish procedures to obtain sufficient information to assess a job applicant or promotion candidate, the nature and extent of information that can be requested from a prospective or existing employee or obtained independently is governed by applicable laws and regulations. Further or enhanced background checking for criminal record or personal financial situation may only be possible upon receiving the individual’s consent. Legal counsel should be sought to advise on what background information can and cannot be obtained and the appropriate procedures to follow.

Background checks should also be performed on new and existing suppliers, customers, and business partners to identify any issues of financial health, ownership, reputation, and integrity that may represent an unacceptable risk to the business

Q. In the following question, find the word that is opposite in the meaning to the word “embellished”?

Directions : Read the following Passage, and answer the questions based on this passage.

Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defense in minimizing fraud risk. This section of the guide will cover preventive techniques. Detective techniques will be covered in Section 4.

One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual.With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.

The system of internal controls in an organization is designed to address inherent business risks. The business risks are identified in the enterprise risk assessment protocol, and the controls associated with each risk are noted. COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework describes the essential ERM components, principles, and concepts for all organizations, regardless of size.

Establishing internal controls may not address all of an organization’s fraud risks. Fraud risks, although a form of business risk, necessitate specific controls to mitigate them, which makes an organization’s fraud risk assessment process essential to fraud prevention. In addition to implementing fraud preventive controls, it is important that the organization assess and continuously monitor their operational effectiveness to help prevent fraud from occurring.

Prevention is the most proactive fraud-fighting measure. The design and implementation of control activities should be a coordinated effort spearheaded by management with an assembled cast of employees. Collectively, this cross section of the organization should be able to address all of the identified risks, design and implement the control activities, and ensure that the techniques used are adequate to prevent fraud from occurring in accordance with the organization’s risk tolerance. The ongoing success of any fraud prevention program depends on its continuous communication and reinforcement. Stressing the existence of a fraud prevention program through a wide variety of media — posters on bulletin boards, flyers included with invoices and vendor payments, and articles in internal and external communications — gets the message out to both internal and external communities that the organization is committed to preventing and deterring fraud.

Among the many elements in fraud prevention are HR procedures, authority limits, and transaction level procedures. An organization’s HR function can play an important role in fraud prevention by implementing the following procedures. A key business and fraud risk in any organization lies in the people hired to operate the business and promoted into positions of trust and authority. For that reason, it is important to know employees in order to evaluate their credentials and competence, match skills to the job requirements, and be aware of any issues of personal integrity that may impact their suitability for the position. Much can be learned about an individual through confirmation of work history and education presented on a job application or résumé or in follow-up with references provided. It is possible to find false or embellished information or undisclosed history and reputation that may represent increased, and possibly unacceptable, risk.

While the organization should establish procedures to obtain sufficient information to assess a job applicant or promotion candidate, the nature and extent of information that can be requested from a prospective or existing employee or obtained independently is governed by applicable laws and regulations. Further or enhanced background checking for criminal record or personal financial situation may only be possible upon receiving the individual’s consent. Legal counsel should be sought to advise on what background information can and cannot be obtained and the appropriate procedures to follow.

Background checks should also be performed on new and existing suppliers, customers, and business partners to identify any issues of financial health, ownership, reputation, and integrity that may represent an unacceptable risk to the business

Q. In the following question, find the word that is opposite in the meaning to the word “inevitable”?

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed in the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

A common belief,  even among economists, is that inequality is greater in individualistic societies than in collectivist ones. Individualistic societies are generally ____(81)____  to be selfish and uncaring towards fellow human beings, which, it is __(82)____ , should cause them to suffer greater economic inequality. It is ____(83)___ said that in the absence of wealth redistribution by the government, individualistic societies will tend to aggravate inequality.

“Are individualistic societies less equal? Evidence from the parasite stress theory of values”, a 2017 paper by Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux, and Rauf Salahodjaev __(84)__ in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ____(85)____ , comes to a different conclusion. The authors find that income distribution is actually more equitable in individualistic societies than in collectivist ___(86)____. While this sounds counter-intuitive, it makes sense when the actual causes of economic inequality between people are considered.

What differentiates individualistic societies from their collectivist __(87)___ is their belief in individual freedom. So, while the population of an individualistic society might believe, for instance, that people are __(88)___  to the fruits of their labour, collectivist societies put more emphasis on the collective welfare of society. For the same reason, individualistic societies prefer a smaller government that imposes lower taxes and regulations on everyone, while collectivist societies ___(89)___ a larger government to impose a greater burden on the rich.

Interestingly, however, the creation of a larger government to redistribute wealth and uphold social justice does not lead to less inequality. In fact, a larger government __(90)__ greater opportunities for special interest groups to capture it and forward their own agenda. This __(91)___  in fewer economic opportunities for the wider population, which results in lower competition and greater economic inequality. Obviously, this is the opposite of what supporters of a collectivist government want, but reality works against their wishes.

On the other hand, under the rule of a smaller government, economic __(92)__ are available to a much wider population. Special interest groups have fewer opportunities to exploit the powers of the government, as there is less __(93)___  on the government to guide the economy in the first place. This leads to greater competition in individualistic societies, ___(94)___  translates to lower levels of economic inequality, as __(95)___ by the study.

Directions : Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence, the number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (e) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

The recent rains (a)/have transformed the (b)/ undulating plains (c)/in a quilt of green.(d)/No error (e)

Directions : Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence, the number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (e) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

In addition to sensitizing law enforcement (a)/ authorities whose attitudes are merely symptomatic of widely-held (b)/ beliefs about women and gender roles, we need to work with children, parents(c)/ and the larger community to ensure marital rape is condemned, not condoned.(d)/No error

Directions : Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence, the number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (e) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

When someone wanted to download (a)/a copy of the file, they (b)/ would have to download it (c)/ from several computers at ones.(d)/No error (e)

Directions : Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence, the number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (e) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

It is strange that even (a)/after near a decade of serious (b)/investigations, the sensational twin murder (c)/ case has ended with none the wiser.(d)/No error (e)

Directions : Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence, the number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (e) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

The number of teachers required,(a)/ at secondary and higher secondary levels,(b)/ are very high, particularly(c) in science and mathematics. (d)/No error (e)