NVS Stenographer Mock Test - 3 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

स्त्रीलिंग परिवर्तन का सही विकल्प ‘गुणवती-गुणवान’ होता है। अतः इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 ‘गुणवती-गुणवान’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।
Confusion Points

• राज्ञा-राजा यह युग्म गलत है, इसका शुद्ध रूप रानी - राजा होना चाहिए।
• बुद्धिमती-बुद्धिमत्त यह युग्म गलत है, इसका शुद्ध रूप बुद्धिमती- बुद्धिमान होना चाहिए।

स्पष्टीकरण:

जिन पुल्लिंग शब्दों के अंत में ‘वान’ आता है उनका परिवर्तन स्त्रीलिंग में करने के लिए ‘वती’ शब्द जोड़ दिया जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प असंगत एवं वर्तनीगत सही नहीं हैं।

अथ - प्रारम्भ विलोम युग्म सुमेलित नहीं है।

Key Points

• अथ का अर्थ - आरम्भ तथा मंगलसूचक
• प्रारम्भ का अर्थ - शरुआत
• अतः स्पष्ट है अथ - प्रारम्भ विलोम युग्म नहीं है।

Additional Information

• एक़-दूसरे के विपरीत या उल्टा अर्थ देने वाले शब्द विलोम कहलाते है।
• सरल शब्दों में- जो शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताते हैं, उन्हें विलोम शब्द या विपरीतार्थक शब्द कहते है।
• जैसे- अपेक्षा- उपेक्षा, आय- व्यय, आजादी-गुलाम, नवीन- प्राचीन शब्द एक दूसरे के उलटे अर्थ वाले शब्द है। अतः इन्हें 'विलोम शब्द' कहते हैं।
• अत: विलोम का अर्थ है- उल्टा या विरोधी अर्थ देने वाल़ा।
• विलोम शब्द अपने सामनेवाले शब्द के सर्वदा विपरीत अर्थ प्रकट करते हैं।

“दीर्घ संधि” स्वर-संधि का एक प्रकार है, यदि हस्व या दीर्घ “अ”, “इ”, “उ” के पश्चात हस्व या दीर्घ “अ”, “इ”, “उ”आये तो, दोनों को मिलाकर दीर्घ हो जाता है।

जैसे : धर्म + अर्थ = धर्मार्थ

मत + अनुसार = मतानुसार

सत्य + आग्रह = सत्याग्रह

परन्तु, अत्यधिक का विच्छेद “अति + अधिक “होगा, जो कि दीर्घ संधि नहीं अपितु गुण संधि का प्रकार है।

One meaning of fathom is to comprehend, and hence misconstrue is the closest antonym.

imaginary: existing only in your mind
speculative: based on guessing / on opinions that have been formed without knowing in facts
scurrilous: Severely abusive writing in journals
sarcastic: expressing or expressive of ridicule that hurts

‘मित्रता’ शब्द सदा एकवचन में प्रयुक्त होता है। शेष विकल्पों का प्रयोग बहुवचन में किया जाता है। अतः सही उत्तर ‘मित्रता’ है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 3 "सामने जो बड़ा सा मकान है, वह मेरा है।" वाक्य में ‘निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम’ का प्रयोग हुआ है। अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं है ।

Key Points

• "सामने जो बड़ा सा मकान है, वह मेरा है।" वाक्य में ‘निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम’ का प्रयोग हुआ है।
• जिन सर्वनाम शब्दों से किसी निश्चित व्यक्ति अथवा वस्तु की ओर निकटवर्ती अथवा दूरवर्ती संकेत का बोध होता है उन्हें निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम कहते हैं।
  • इनके अंतर्गत यह, वह, इस, उस, ये, वे इत्यादि सर्वनाम शब्द आते हैं
• दिए गए विकल्पों में केवल विकल्प 3 ही निश्चित वाचक सर्वनाम है। इसीलिए वह सामने जो बड़ा सा मकान है, वह मेरा है। सही है।

Confusion Points

• वह एक बार फिर अपने विद्यालय में प्रथम स्थान पर रही।
• वह कहाँ गया है?
• दोनों वाक्यों में वह का प्रयोग तो हुआ है लेकिन निकटवर्ती अथवा दूरवर्ती संकेत का बोध नहीं हो रहा है ,इसीलिए यहाँ निश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम नहीं हुआ है।

Additional Information

नाविक शब्द में अयादि संधि है, अन्य विकल्पों में यण संधि है। 

संधि - संधि (सम् + धि) शब्द का अर्थ है 'मेल' या जोड़। दो निकटवर्ती वर्णों के परस्पर मेल से जो विकार (परिवर्तन) होता है वह संधि कहलाता है। 

नाविक = नौ + इक (अयादि संधि) 

नियम - औ + इ = आव् + इ 

अयादि संधि - ए, ऐ और ओ औ से परे किसी भी स्वर के होने पर क्रमशः अय् आय्, अव् और आव् हो जाता है। इसे अयादि संधि कहते हैं। 

अन्य विकल्प -

स्वागत = सु + आगत (उ +आ = व् +आ)

अन्वेषण =अनु + एषण (उ ए व् ए)

देव्यागमन = देवी + आगमन ( ई + आ = य् + आ) यण संधि - इ, ई के आगे कोई विजातीय (असमान) स्वर होने पर इ, ई को 'य्' हो जाता है। उ, ऊ के आगे किसी विजातीय स्वर के आने पर उ, ऊ को 'व्' हो जाता है। 'ऋ' के आगे किसी विजातीय स्वर के आने पर ऋ को 'र्' हो जाता है। इन्हें यण-संधि कहते हैं।

अत: विकल्प (C) सही है I

Epithet: Defamatory/ offensive / abusive words / phrases
epigraph: an Engraved inscription
Soliloquy: A dramatic speech : monologue
Epitaph: words written on a tomb

तो- मिश्र वाक्य का योजक चिन्ह है

दवात एकवचन शब्द है जिसका बहुवचन शब्द दवातें हैं। दिए गए अन्य विकल्पों का कोई सार्थक अर्थ नहीं है न ही और न ही वो दवात का बहुवचन रूप हो सकते हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों मेन उचित उत्तर विकल्प 4 ‘नवीन, नूतन’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित हैं।
Key Points

• ‘नव’ का अनेकार्थी शब्द समूह ‘नवीन, नूतन’ है। इसके अन्य शब्द- नया, नौ हैं।
• वाक्य- दुःख नव युग का निर्माण है।

अन्य विकल्प:

Important Points

The correct order will be:
The national unity of a free people → depends upon a sufficiently even balance of political power (R)→ against a revolutionary opposition that is irreconcilably opposed to it (S)→ to make it impracticable (P)→ for there to be an arbitrary administration. (Q)

The zombie virus is related to global warming and the thawing of Arctic permafrost. The rising temperatures caused by global warming have led to the thawing of previously frozen ice, which could unleash “zombie viruses”. The zombie virus is an amoeba virus that scientists have revived from the melted ice. The new strain has one of 13 viral genomes, with Pandoravirus yedoma, 48,500 years old, being the longest frozen virus to become infectious. Scientists are developing an Arctic surveillance system to detect and contain outbreaks.

Under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms, education was shifted to provincial ministries. The government stopped taking a direct interest in educational matters, while government grants, liberally sanctioned since 1902, were now stopped. Financial difficulties prevented any substantial expansion, but still, education grew, especially under philanthropic efforts.

Key Points

• The energy crisis is the concern that the world’s demands on limited natural resources are exhausting.
• Resources, like fossil fuels that are used to power industrial society, are diminishing as the demand rises.
• These natural resources are in limited supply.
• While they do occur naturally, it can take hundreds of thousands of years to replenish the stores.
• It has nothing to do with demand and supply but highlights the fact that there are limited resources for use and consumption.

Thus, the energy crisis means the danger of extinction of fossil fuels like coal and petrol.

Important Points

There are basically two sources of energy:

The Non-Aligned Movement was primarily about economic development and independence for small nations, and not about joining one of the two power groups of the world.

The correct answer is All of the above.

• Air pollutants are mainly classified as primary and secondary.
• The pollutants which emit directly into the atmosphere and remain in the same chemical form are known as primary pollutants.
• The pollutants which undergo chemical changes in the atmosphere due to the reaction of two or more pollutants are known as secondary pollutants.
• Pollutants like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulates fall under the category of primary pollutants.

Additional Information

The three main indicators of the Human Development Index (HDI) are life expectancy at birth, gross enrollment ratio, and per capita income. These indicators provide a comprehensive measure of a country's development, encompassing health, education, and economic well-being.

consumer equilibrium is a state of balance  for the consumer from where he doesn’t want to move either forward or backward. This is achieved when consumer gets maximum satisfaction with given income and he doesn’t want to change his way of existing expenditure.

Principle of Universal Adult Franchise:
The principle of Universal Adult Franchise refers to the idea that all adult citizens, regardless of their social status, gender, education, or employment, have the right to vote in democratic elections.
Applicable Options:
Among the options given, the following is applicable to the principle of Universal Adult Franchise:
- All citizens aged 18 and above can vote: This option aligns with the principle of Universal Adult Franchise as it ensures that all adult citizens, regardless of their socio-economic background, gender, education, or employment status, have the right to vote. It promotes inclusivity and equal representation in the democratic process.
Non-Applicable Options:
The following options are not applicable to the principle of Universal Adult Franchise:
- Only rich and educated can vote: This option contradicts the principle of Universal Adult Franchise as it restricts voting rights based on wealth and education. Universal Adult Franchise emphasizes equal voting rights for all adult citizens, irrespective of their financial or educational background.

- Only men can vote: This option contradicts the principle of Universal Adult Franchise as it excludes women from exercising their right to vote. Universal Adult Franchise advocates for gender equality and ensures that all adult citizens, regardless of their gender, have the right to vote.
- Only employed people can vote: This option contradicts the principle of Universal Adult Franchise as it limits voting rights based on employment status. Universal Adult Franchise grants voting rights to all adult citizens, regardless of their employment or job status.
In conclusion, the only option that aligns with the principle of Universal Adult Franchise is "All citizens aged 18 and above can vote." This principle promotes inclusivity, equal representation, and ensures that the democratic process is accessible to all adult citizens.

Explanation:
To determine the number of seats reserved for women in rural and urban local bodies, we need to analyze the given options and choose the correct one.
Option A: 1/2 of the seats.
Option B: 2/3 of the seats.
Option C: 1/3 of the seats.
Option D: None of the above.
Since the options mention fractions, it suggests that a portion of the seats is reserved for women. Let's analyze each option:
- Option A: 1/2 of the seats.
This option states that half of the seats are reserved for women. However, there is no specific mention of whether this applies to rural and urban local bodies.
- Option B: 2/3 of the seats.
This option states that two-thirds of the seats are reserved for women. Again, there is no specific mention of whether this applies to rural and urban local bodies.
- Option C: 1/3 of the seats.
This option states that one-third of the seats are reserved for women. This implies that out of the total number of seats, one-third are reserved for women.
- Option D: None of the above.
This option suggests that none of the given options accurately represents the number of seats reserved for women in rural and urban local bodies.
Based on the given information, option C, which states that 1/3 of the seats are reserved for women, is the correct answer.

Military rule in Myanmar lasted from 1962 to 2011.  and again a coup happened in 2021

The government of Myanmar, as defined by the Constitution of 2008, functions as a parliamentary republic. In this type of government, the heads of the Cabinet are responsible for carrying out the laws set forth by Parliament. In 2008, Myanmar established a new Constitution and created a new form of government, which is divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. 

Most Important Feature of the South Africa Constitution: Preamble
The most important feature of the South Africa Constitution is the Preamble. Here is a detailed explanation of why the Preamble is considered the most important feature:
1. Introduction and Purpose:
- The Preamble provides an introduction to the Constitution and serves as the opening statement.
- It outlines the purpose, values, and principles upon which the Constitution is based.
2. Reflects the Aspirations of the Nation:
- The Preamble reflects the aspirations and ideals of the people of South Africa.
- It acknowledges the injustices of the past and declares the commitment to build a democratic and equitable society.
3. Foundation for a Just Society:
- The Preamble establishes the foundation for a just society by emphasizing the values of human dignity, equality, and freedom.
- It sets the tone for the entire Constitution and guides the interpretation of its provisions.
4. Constitutional Values:
- The Preamble enumerates the constitutional values, including non-racialism, non-sexism, and the advancement of human rights and freedoms.
- These values form the basis for the protection and promotion of individual and collective rights.
5. Social Cohesion and Nation-Building:
- The Preamble promotes social cohesion and nation-building by recognizing the diversity of South African society.
- It encourages the pursuit of unity, reconciliation, and the establishment of a common citizenship.
6. Legal Status:
- The Preamble has legal significance and is considered an integral part of the Constitution.
- It has been relied upon by the courts to interpret and apply the provisions of the Constitution.
Therefore, the Preamble stands out as the most important feature of the South Africa Constitution as it sets the tone, values, and principles for the entire constitutional framework, reflecting the aspirations of the nation and promoting social cohesion and nation-building.

The correct answer is Man in the middle.

• Eavesdropping attack also referred to as Man in the middle attack is a major concern when comes to cyber security. 
• Man in the Middle Attack (MITM): A MITM attack is when a hacker secretly relays communication between two parties who believe they are communicating directly.
  • When emails are sent between two parties unless both parties use encryption the message is open and can be read by anyone who intercepts it.
  • It is a kind of email hacking.

Additional Information​ 

• Phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information or data, such as usernames, passwords and credit card details.
• It is the act of disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication.
• Signs of phishing include:
  • Incorrect URLs
  • No signature or contact information
  • Too good to be true offer
  • Style inconsistencies 
  • Spelling, punctuation, or grammar errors
  • Attention-grabbing titles

The correct option is (4) By default, it has 3 placeholders.

Key Points

• Choose Home > New Slide to add a new slide to your presentation. The Title and Content slide layout are now added. This slide arrangement, which is the default, has placeholders for a title, bulleted text, pictures, and illustrations.
• Microsoft creates a Title slide by default when you create a new presentation because it expects the first slide in your presentation will be for the title. Two text placeholders are included on a title slide.
• The font family and font size of the regular input text are automatically carried over to the placeholder text, but there may be times when you want to modify the color of the placeholder text.

Additional Information

• Create a presentation storyboard or outline using the outline view. It merely shows the text on your slides; no graphics or other visual elements are displayed.
• Only a static string of text can be used as placeholder help information, which may not always be enough to convey the intended message.

The correct answer is a - ii, b - iii, c - iv, d - i.

Key Points

• Optical Mouse
  • It is a computer mouse that uses a light source, typically a light-emitting diode (LED), and a light detector, such as an array of photodiodes, to detect movement relative to a surface.
  • It uses special-purpose image processing chips, as the mouse takes over 1,000 images/ps below the surface level to detect movement through reflected light changes.
  • It uses camera technology and digital processing to compare and track the position of the mouse.
• Track Ball
  • ​It is an input device used to enter motion data into computers or other electronic devices.
  • It is designed with a moveable ball on the top, which can be rolled in any direction.
  • A moving ball is mounted on a stationary device that can be rotated mechanically (manually) using the fingers
• Digitizing(Graphic) Tablet
  • ​It is a computer input device that enables a user to hand-draw images, animations and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus.
  • Alternatively, it is a tool used to convert hand-drawn images into a format suitable for computer processing.
• Joystick
  • ​It is an input device that can be used for controlling the movement of the cursor or a pointer in a computer device.
  • It was first invented by C. B. Mirick at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, and patented in 1926.
  • It includes a base and a stick that can be move to the different direction.
  • It is used to indicate position in video game play.

Modulator-demodulator
A modulator-demodulator, also known as a modem, is a device that converts signals between digital and analog form. It is commonly used to transmit data over telephone lines.
Functions of a Modem
- Modulation: The modem converts digital data into analog signals that can be transmitted over analog communication channels such as telephone lines. This process is called modulation.
- Demodulation: On the receiving end, the modem converts the analog signals back into digital data. This process is called demodulation.
Conversion Process
- Digital to Analog Conversion: The modem takes digital signals consisting of 0s and 1s and converts them into analog signals that can be transmitted over analog channels. This conversion process involves techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or phase modulation (PM).
- Analog to Digital Conversion: On the receiving end, the modem takes the analog signals and converts them back into digital signals. This conversion process involves techniques such as amplitude demodulation (ADM), frequency demodulation (FDM), or phase demodulation (PDM).
Modem Types
- Analog Modem: Converts digital signals to analog signals for transmission over analog communication channels.
- Digital Modem: Converts analog signals to digital signals for transmission over digital communication channels.
Conclusion
A modulator-demodulator, or modem, is a device that performs the conversion between digital and analog signals. It converts digital signals into analog signals for transmission and converts analog signals back into digital signals for reception. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Both A and B.

To add an image to a template in Microsoft Office, follow these steps:
1. Open the template in Microsoft Office.
2. Look for the toolbar with various options and buttons.
3. Locate the Picture button on the toolbar. This button is represented by an icon that looks like a picture or a camera.
4. Click on the Picture button. This will open a dialog box or a file explorer window.
5. In the dialog box or file explorer window, navigate to the location where the image file is stored on your computer.
6. Select the image file by clicking on it once.
7. Click the Insert or Open button in the dialog box or file explorer window to add the image to the template.
8. The image will now be inserted into the template at the current cursor position.
Please note that the specific toolbar name may vary depending on the version of Microsoft Office you are using. However, the Picture button is commonly used and should be available in most versions.
So, the correct answer is D: Picture toolbar.

Starvation refers to a situation in which a process is ready to execute but is continuously denied access to a processor in deference to other processes.
Explanation:
- Starvation occurs when a process is unable to proceed or make progress due to being continually bypassed or overlooked in favor of other processes.
- It often happens in systems that use scheduling algorithms to determine which process gets access to the processor.
- The process that is continuously denied access to the processor is said to be starving.
- Starvation can occur due to various reasons, such as:
- Inefficient scheduling algorithms that prioritize certain processes over others.
- Resource limitations, where a process requires a specific resource that is not available or is being monopolized by other processes.
- Starvation can have negative impacts on system performance, as it can lead to delays and decreased efficiency.
- To address starvation, it may be necessary to adjust scheduling algorithms or allocate resources more fairly among processes.
- Overall, starvation is a situation that can occur in systems where processes compete for resources, and it can impact the overall performance and fairness of the system.