NVS Stenographer Mock Test - 8 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

'आपबीती' अव्ययीभाव समास का उदाहरण नही है। अतः 'आपबीती' सही उत्तर है।
आपबीती - अपने पर बीती हुई - तत्पुरुष समास
Key Points

• बेखटके - बिना खटके के - अव्ययीभाव समास
• प्रतिदिन - प्रत्येक दिन - अव्ययीभाव समास
• 'पुश्तानुपुश्त' :- पुश्तो के बाद पुश्ते - अव्ययी भाव समास
• यथासम्भव - जैसे भी सम्भव हो - अव्ययीभाव समास

Additional Information

Options B and C are grammatically incorrect because the sentence uses ‘were’ which should be accompanied by verb in the ‘-ing’ form while these options do not use the suggested form of verb.
‘Crying wolf’ is contextually incorrect here.
‘Barking up the wrong tree’ will be suitable here as it suggests that the scientists were taking an ineffective course of action in suggesting the preventive methods.
Bark up the wrong tree : to attempt or pursue a futile course of action, often by making some kind of suggestion or request.
Stir up a hornet’s nest : to create, provoke, or trigger a dangerous, troublesome, or complicated situation.
Upset someone’s applecart : to ruin or interfere with one's plans or goals.
Cry wolf : to claim that something is happening when it really isn't.
Correct Sentence :
In the initial months of Covid-19, scientists were sometimes barking up the wrong tree in their recommendation on preventive steps.
Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

The word 'to' is used as an appropriate preposition with 'coming' in cases where a common conclusion is attained.   
Example-The trader bargained and came to a common price with the dealer.

पंचसिंधु शब्द के लिए सही द्विगु समास के विग्रह का विकल्प पाँच सिन्धुओं का समूह होगा।

• जिस समास में पूर्वपद संख्यावाचक हो, द्विगु समास कहलाता है।
• पंचसिंधु मे पंच शब्द संख्या वाचक है।
• अन्य उदाहरण- नवरत्न, तिराहा, चौराहा आदि।

Key Pointsसमास :- समास का तात्पर्य है ‘संक्षिप्तीकरण’।

दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने हुए एक नवीन एवं सार्थक शब्द को समास कहते हैं।

समस के भेद -

कालिदास संस्कृत भाषा के महान कवि और नाटककार थे। उन्होंने भारत की पौराणिक कथाओं को आधार बनाकर रचनाएं की, जिसमें भारतीय जीवन और दर्शन के विविध रूप और मूल तत्त्व निरूपित हैं। कालिदास अपनी इन्हीं विशेषताओं के कारण राष्ट्र की समग्र राष्ट्रीय चेतना को स्वर देने वाले कवि माने जाते हैं संस्कृत साहित्य में ही नहीं अपितु समग्र साहित्यिक संसार में उन्हें कविकुलश्रेष्ठ तथा कविशिरोमणि माना जाता है।

प्रस्तुत विकल्पों में से 'कुमारसंभवम्' यह कालिदास का महाकाव्य है।

’ज्ञानपीठ’ पुरस्कार से सम्मानित रचना “चिदम्बरा” सुमित्रा नंदन पन्त की रचना है।

सुमित्रा नंदन पन्त की अन्य रचनाएं- युगवाणी, वीणा, लोकायतन, पल्लव है।

The sentence mentions that ancestors and dead relations punished people for both sins of commission and omission. Sins of commission refer to doing something that is wrong or forbidden, while sins of omission refer to not doing something that is required or expected. Therefore, the appropriate word for blank no. 12 is 'omission', as it refers to the failure to do something that should have been done, and is opposite to sins of commission.

The correct option to mark the synonym of the word "Beset" is: C: Perplex Explanation: Beset means to surround or harass on all sides, causing confusion or difficulty. The synonyms for Beset include: - Perplex - Harass - Trouble - Bother - Pester

Get one’s head around: to understand, comprehend, apprehend, grasp, discern, recognize, interpret, get to know, fathom, get to the bottom of, come to terms with. This idiom can fit in the blank as the sentence implies that the concept is a little hard to understand.
Cry over spilt milk: regret of something that you will never be able to change. This idiom does not fit in the blank as there cannot be regret due to a concept.
Give a wide birth: stay away from (someone or something).
Hence, the correct answer is option C. 

Malafide case is one which is undertaken in a bad faith.

Explanation:

• Assertion (A): The rupee is widely accepted as a medium of exchange in India.


• Reason (R): It is authorized by the government of the country.

• Assertion (A) is correct: The rupee is indeed widely accepted as a medium of exchange in India. It is the official currency of the country and is used for all transactions.


• Reason (R) is also correct: The rupee is authorized by the government of India as the legal tender for transactions. It is issued and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India, which is the central monetary authority in the country.


• R is the correct explanation of A: The reason why the rupee is widely accepted as a medium of exchange in India is because it is authorized and backed by the government. The government ensures its stability and acceptance in the economy.

Therefore, option A is the correct choice as both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Factors that helped Shivaji in his raids:
1. The gradual decline of the Portuguese power on the western coast:
- The Portuguese had been a dominant force on the western coast, but their power was gradually declining during Shivaji's time.
- This decline weakened their ability to resist Shivaji's raids and allowed him to exploit their weak defenses.
2. The able assistance of Bijapur and Golcunda:
- Shivaji received support from the Sultanates of Bijapur and Golcunda in his raids.
- These Sultanates were rivals of the Mughals and saw Shivaji as a valuable ally against the Mughal Empire.
- Their assistance provided Shivaji with additional resources and manpower, increasing his chances of success in his raids.
3. Mughal preoccupation with the Afghan uprising in the northwest:
- The Mughal Empire was facing a significant challenge in the form of an Afghan uprising in the northwest region.
- This preoccupation with internal conflicts diverted their attention and resources away from dealing with Shivaji's raids.
- Shivaji took advantage of this situation and launched his attacks on the Mughal provinces of Berar, Baglana, and Khandesh.
4. None of these:
- This option is incorrect as there were clear factors that helped Shivaji in his raids, as mentioned above.
In conclusion, the factors that helped Shivaji in his raids include the decline of Portuguese power, assistance from Bijapur and Golcunda, and the Mughal Empire's preoccupation with the Afghan uprising. These factors created favorable conditions for Shivaji to successfully carry out his raids.

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty that recognizes and protects various human rights. It sets out the rights of individuals to economic, social, and cultural development.
Among the options provided, the right to accumulate wealth is not seen as a standard of human rights by the ICESCR.
Here is a breakdown of the options and their status as human rights recognized by the ICESCR:
A. Right to social security and insurance: This right is recognized by the ICESCR. It ensures that individuals have access to social security benefits and insurance coverage to protect them against various risks and ensure their well-being.
B. Right to health: This right is also recognized by the ICESCR. It includes the right to access healthcare services, facilities, and essential medicines without discrimination.
C. Right to accumulate wealth: This right is not recognized as a standard of human rights by the ICESCR. While individuals have the right to work, earn a living, and participate in economic activities, the ICESCR focuses more on ensuring a fair distribution of wealth and addressing poverty rather than emphasizing the accumulation of wealth.
D. Right to adequate standard of living: This right is recognized by the ICESCR. It encompasses various aspects such as access to food, clothing, housing, and other essentials necessary for a decent life.
In conclusion, the option C, the right to accumulate wealth, is not seen as a standard of human rights by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

(a) A homogeneous society is one where the majority of people share similar cultural, ethnic, or racial backgrounds. The term implies uniformity in cultural practices, beliefs, and ethnic makeup.
(b) Heterogeneous, on the other hand, describes a society characterized by diversity, where individuals from various cultural, ethnic, or racial backgrounds coexist.
(c) Humane refers to behavior that shows compassion or benevolence and does not directly relate to the composition of society.
(d) Humble describes a modest or low view of one's importance and is not relevant to the societal composition.
Hence, the correct answer is (a) Homogeneous, as it describes a society with similar kinds of people.

Answer:
The 1931 session of the Indian National Congress was held in Karachi. Here is a detailed explanation:
- The Indian National Congress is a political party in India that played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence from British rule.
- The party holds annual sessions to discuss and plan its strategies and policies.
- In 1931, the Congress session was held in Karachi, which was then a part of undivided India.
- The session was significant as it marked the adoption of the historic "Poorna Swaraj" (Complete Independence) resolution by the Congress.
- The resolution declared the objective of the Indian National Congress to be the attainment of Purna Swaraj by the Indian people.
- The session was attended by prominent leaders of the Indian National Congress, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
- The Karachi session set the stage for the civil disobedience movement and other non-violent protests that followed in the struggle for independence.
Conclusion:
The 1931 session of the Indian National Congress was held in Karachi, where the historic "Poorna Swaraj" resolution was adopted, marking a significant moment in India's fight for independence.

An agent's preferences are said to be stronglymonotonic if, given a consumption bundle , the agent prefers all consumption bundles that have more of at least one good, and not less in any other good.

Chief Revenue Collector and Settlement of Revenue Disputes

• Munsif: A Munsif was a judicial officer responsible for deciding civil cases at the local level. They were not involved in revenue collection or settlement of revenue disputes.
• Amil: The Amil was the chief revenue collector in charge of collecting revenue at the pargana level. They were also empowered to settle revenue disputes.
• Wali: A Wali was a local administrator responsible for maintaining law and order, not revenue collection or dispute settlement.
• Khan: Khan was a title of respect in some regions, not a specific office related to revenue collection or dispute settlement.

Therefore, the correct officer who was the chief revenue collector and empowered to settle revenue disputes at the pargana level was the Amil.

 

The correct answer is DPI (dots per inch).

• The resolution of a printer is measured in DPI.

​Key Points

• The resolution of a printer 
  • In printing, the term Resolution refers to the sharpness and detail of images.
  • Higher resolution means more image detail.
  • Lower resolution means less image detail.
  • Common measures of resolution include
    • Pixels per inch (PPI).
    • Dots per inch (DPI).

Additional Information

• Difference PPI and DPI
• Dots per inch (DPI)
  • DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer.
• Pixels per inch (PPI) ​
  • PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

The correct answer is "Both A & B".

Key Points

There are two ways to escape the presentation mode, while presenting a google slide:

1) Press the ESC key from the keyboard:

• To exit presentation mode, press Escape key from the keyboard.

2) Exit at the bottom of the slide:

• While presenting the slides press the bottom left corner we have the three dots click on that.

• After that click on the stop presenting mode.

The correct answer is ROM.

Key Points

• ROM
  • Read-Only Memory is a ROM in a computer.
  • Read-only memory is a storage medium that permanently stores data on computers and electronic devices.
  • The data stored in these chips is nonvolatile i.e. it is not lost when power is removed.
  • There are five basic ROM types:
    • ROM: Read-Only Memory.
    • PROM: Programmable read-only memory.
    • EPROM: Erasable programmable read-only memory.
    • EEPROM: Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory.
    • Flash memory: Flash memory, a type of EEPROM that uses in-circuit wiring. 
  • BIOS uses Flash memory.

Additional Information

• Register
  • The smallest and fastest memory of a computer is registered memory located in the computer's central processing unit(CPU).
  • It generally stores the most used instructions, data, etc. which are to be used by CPU.
  • Control Unit is part of the CPU.
  • It advises the input and output devices, and computer memory on how to respond to the instructions sent to the processor.
• RAM
  • It stores data that the computer needs to use temporarily. So it is faster than the secondary storage devices. It is a volatile memory i.e. the data disappear from it when the power is off.
  • It is known as the Read-Write Memory. i.e. the user can write information into RAM and read information from it.
  • It is called random access since any memory location can be accessed randomly for reading and writing. The access time is the same for each memory location.
  • It is usually called “temporary” memory, which means that when the system is shut down, the memory is lost.
• Cache
  • A cache memory is used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average cost time or energy to access data from the main memory.
  • Generally Cache memory is logically positioned between CPU and main memory.

The correct answer is Ctrl + 3.

Key Points

Explanation:
The correct syntax for the SUM function in Excel is:
A: =SUM(A1, B1)
This syntax adds the values of cell A1 and B1.
B: =SUM(A1:B9)
This syntax adds the values in the range from cell A1 to B9.
C: =SUM(A1:A9, B1:B9)
This syntax adds the values in the ranges from cell A1 to A9 and B1 to B9.
D: All of these
This means that all of the above options are correct and can be used to calculate the sum of values in Excel.
In summary, all of the given options (A, B, and C) have the correct syntax for the SUM function in Excel. These options demonstrate different ways to specify the cells or ranges to be summed.

The correct syntax in Excel is option A: `=IF(LogicalTest, TrueResult, FalseResult)`. Here's a detailed explanation:
IF Function in Excel:
The IF function in Excel is used to perform logical tests and return different values based on the result of the test. It follows the syntax: `=IF(LogicalTest, TrueResult, FalseResult)`, where:
- `LogicalTest` is the condition that is being evaluated.
- `TrueResult` is the value or expression that is returned if the logical test is true.
- `FalseResult` is the value or expression that is returned if the logical test is false.
Explanation of the Given Syntax:
The correct syntax in Excel is option A: `=IF(LogicalTest, TrueResult, FalseResult)`. Let's break it down:
- `IF`: This is the function name that indicates we are using the IF function in Excel.
- `LogicalTest`: This is the condition that is being evaluated. It can be a comparison, a formula, or any expression that returns a logical value (TRUE or FALSE).
- `TrueResult`: This is the value or expression that is returned if the logical test is true. It can be a number, text, formula, or reference to a cell or range.
- `FalseResult`: This is the value or expression that is returned if the logical test is false. It can also be a number, text, formula, or reference to a cell or range.
Incorrect Syntax:
Let's also explain why the other options are incorrect:
- Option B: `=IF(LogicalTest, (TrueResult, FalseResult)`: This syntax is incorrect because the TrueResult and FalseResult are enclosed in parentheses without separating them using a comma.
- Option C: `=IF(LogicalTest, TrueResult) (LogicalTest, FalseResult)`: This syntax is incorrect because it separates the TrueResult and FalseResult into separate IF functions without using the comma to separate the arguments within the IF function.
- Option D: `=IF(LogicalTest,True Result), IF (LogicalTest,   FalseResult)`: This syntax is incorrect because it separates the TrueResult and FalseResult into two separate IF functions, but there is an unnecessary comma in True Result and an unnecessary space before FalseResult.
Therefore, the correct syntax in Excel is option A: `=IF(LogicalTest, TrueResult, FalseResult)`.

Outputs needed by top-managers:
- Summary reports with good grouping: Top managers require concise and organized reports that provide a summary of important information. These reports should be well-structured and present data in a way that is easy to understand and analyze.

- Exception reports: Top managers need to be informed about any deviations or exceptions from normal operations or expected outcomes. Exception reports highlight any issues or anomalies that require attention or action.

- Detailed reports: While summary reports are useful for providing an overview, top managers also require detailed reports that provide in-depth information. These reports should include specific data, analysis, and insights to support decision-making and strategic planning.

- Expected reports: Top managers often have specific information needs and expectations. They require reports that fulfill these expectations and provide the necessary insights to monitor performance, identify trends, and make informed decisions.

In summary, top managers require a combination of summary reports, exception reports, detailed reports, and expected reports to effectively manage their responsibilities and make informed decisions. These outputs should be tailored to their specific needs and provide the necessary information in a clear and concise manner.

Computers use base 2 number system to store information.

The base 2 number system, also known as the binary number system, is used by computers to store and process information. This system uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all numbers and characters. Here is how computers use the base 2 number system:

Binary Digits:

• In the base 2 number system, each digit is called a binary digit or bit.


• A bit can either be 0 or 1, representing the two possible states of a switch (off or on) in a computer's electronic circuitry.


• Bits are combined to represent numbers, characters, and other types of data.

Binary Representation:

• Binary numbers are written using powers of 2, with the rightmost digit representing 2^0 (1), the next digit representing 2^1 (2), the next digit representing 2^2 (4), and so on.


• For example, the binary number 1010 represents (1 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (0 * 2^0) = 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10.

Storage and Processing:

• Computers store all data in binary form, using a series of 0s and 1s.


• Memory cells in a computer's hardware are designed to store and retrieve binary information.


• Processors perform calculations and operations using binary logic and arithmetic.

Overall, computers use the base 2 number system because it is compatible with the electronic circuitry and logical operations of digital computers. The binary system allows computers to represent and process information in a way that is efficient and reliable.

When integrating MS Word and Excel, the Word is usually the Client

Explanation:

• Integration: Integration refers to the process of combining or merging two or more software applications to work together.


• MS Word and Excel: MS Word is a word processing software, while MS Excel is a spreadsheet software.


• Client-Server Model: In computing, the client-server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.


• Integrating MS Word and Excel: When integrating MS Word and Excel, the Word application is usually considered as the client.


• Functionality: MS Word acts as a client to request data or perform operations on the Excel application, which acts as the server.


• Examples: Some examples of integrating MS Word and Excel include importing data from Excel into Word for creating reports, generating mail merges using Excel as a data source, or embedding Excel charts or tables within Word documents.


• Benefits: Integrating Word and Excel allows users to combine the features of both applications to enhance productivity and create more comprehensive documents.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Client.

Outputs needed by operational managers:

• Summary reports with good grouping: Operational managers require summary reports that provide a concise overview of key information, presented in a well-organized manner. These reports should include necessary data and present it in a way that allows managers to easily understand trends, patterns, and performance.



• Exception reports: Operational managers need exception reports that highlight any deviations from expected norms or predefined thresholds. These reports help managers identify and address any issues or anomalies, allowing them to take appropriate actions to rectify the situation.



• Detailed reports: Operational managers often require detailed reports that provide comprehensive information about specific aspects of their operations. These reports should include in-depth data, analysis, and insights, enabling managers to make informed decisions and identify areas for improvement.



• Expected reports: Operational managers rely on reports that provide them with the expected information they need to effectively manage their operations. These reports should align with the manager's specific requirements, providing them with the necessary data and insights to monitor performance, track progress, and make informed decisions.

In summary, operational managers need a combination of summary reports, exception reports, detailed reports, and expected reports to effectively manage their operations. These reports provide them with the necessary information, insights, and analysis to monitor performance, identify issues, make informed decisions, and drive continuous improvement.

Reasons for Process Suspension:
Swapping parent process:
- When the operating system needs to free up memory resources, it may decide to swap out a parent process. This means that the process is moved from main memory to secondary storage (such as a hard disk) temporarily.
- Swapping allows the operating system to prioritize active processes and allocate resources efficiently.
Inter request:
- Process suspension can occur when a process needs to wait for an external event or resource before it can continue executing.
- For example, if a process is waiting for user input or waiting for a file to be read from the disk, it may be temporarily suspended until the requested input or data becomes available.
Timing:
- Timing can also be a reason for process suspension. This occurs when a process is scheduled to be suspended for a specific period of time, allowing other processes to execute during that time frame.
- Timing-based suspensions are often used in multitasking operating systems to ensure fair allocation of resources among different processes.
All of the above:
- The correct answer to the question is "d. All of the above" because all of the mentioned reasons (swapping parent process, inter request, and timing) can lead to process suspension.
In summary, process suspension can occur due to various reasons such as the need for memory management (swapping parent process), waiting for external events or resources (inter request), and timing-based scheduling. All of these reasons contribute to the efficient allocation of resources and fair execution of processes in an operating system.

Key Points

The Central Processing Unit (CPU): 

• The CPU is the brain of the computer.
• Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place.
• The CPU executes the programs and controls the operation of all the hardware.
• A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program.
• The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program.

Important Points
The three main components of the CPU are:

The Control Unit (CU):

• It is one of the most important parts of the microprocessor as it is in charge of the entire process.
• The control unit extracts instructions from memory and decodes them.
• Based on these instructions, it creates control signals that tell the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Registers how to operate, what to operate on and what to do with the result.
• The role of the control unit in the CPU is that of a “manager”.
• In other words, it controls and coordinates all hardware operations.

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):

• It is the section where the actual data processing takes place.
• All calculations and comparisons take place in this section.
• In addition to arithmetic functions, the ALU also handles logic operations.
• All mathematical operations are performed in binary numbers and all logic operations are performed using binary operations.

The Primary Memory (Main memory):

• This unit stores programs during their execution, stores data that are being used by the current program, and stores the operating system which controls the operation of the computer system.
• It consists of Random Access Memory (RAM) where the user's programs and data must be stored in order to be run and Read-Only Memory (ROM) where permanent programs and data are built-in by the manufacturer.

Thus, the CPU is called the brain of the computer.

Additional Information

About Motherboard

• The motherboard is also known as Mainboard, Planar board, System board, Main circuit board, baseboard, Mobo, and backplane.
• It is the main circuit board inside any computer which connects all hardware devices together.
• It also works as a resource provider to the software by integrating different components together for any task efficiently.
• In simple words, the motherboard makes everything works together.