OTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 4 (Science and Mathematics) - OTET MCQ

The brain learns best and most efficiently when making connections and associations between new information and knowledge already processed and understood. The teachers must help the students learn by providing opportunities to relate new ideas or techniques to knowledge they have already mastered.
Hence, presenting disconnected chunks of knowledge would make it difficult for the learners to gain conceptual understanding, as the students are not able to make connections to the new information.

A child belonging to a high-class family generally has a pool of information about new technologies but a mediocre child probably has a gist of the information. Personal factor affecting learning showed by the statement.
Any one of several internal, external, or unknown factors can influence learning. In this section, a classification of the factors influencing learning has been made under the broad headings physiological, personal, socio-emotional, and educational factors.

If teacher will ask the students to do right things, then only the students will achieve the right result which is most important.

Progressive education focuses on learning that is both experiential and collaborative.
Some of the progressive educations qualities are:-

• Emphasis on learning by doing
• Integrated curriculum focused on thematic units
• Strong emphasis on problem solving and critical thinking
• Group work and development of social skills
• Collaborative and cooperative learning projects
• Education for social responsibility and democracy
• Emphasis of lifelong process and social skills

Part of the importance of emotion in education is that it is tied to cognition. Demetriou and Wilson (2008) tell us that "emotional development is inextricably intertwined with our acquisition of knowledge".

FLN is Foundational Literacy and Numeracy which is a scheme launched by the Ministry of education under the Nipun Bharat vision of NEP 2020

Urge for competence is likely to motivate students towards mastery learning. "Mastery" is a key characteristic of "competency-based learning" that allows learners to keep learning until they feel that they can demonstrate skills mastery.

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से ‘प्रतिकूल’ शब्द का विपरीतार्थक शब्द ‘अनुकूल’ है। अन्य विकल्प गलत हैं।
‘प्रतिकूल’ शब्द का अर्थ – जो अनुकूल न हो, विपरीत, विरुद्ध
‘अनुकूल’ शब्द का अर्थ - मेल रखने वाला

पाठ्यपुस्तक वह क्षेत्र है जिसमें प्रस्तुत की जाने वाली भाषा सामग्री शिक्षण और सीखने के लिए निर्धारित है। एक अच्छी पाठ्यपुस्तक न केवल सिखाती है बल्कि परीक्षा भी लेती है। पुस्तक की सामग्री बहुत स्पष्ट होनी चाहिए, शिक्षार्थियों को आगामी सामग्री के लिए तैयार करने के लिए एक उचित शुरुआत की आवश्यकता होती है और संपूर्ण शिक्षा को इकट्ठा करने के लिए एक सही निष्कर्ष की आवश्यकता होती है।

निदानात्मक परीक्षण का अर्थ है बालक की अधिगम संबंधी कठिनाईयों को पहचानना। कठिनाईयों को पहचानने के बाद इन कठिनाईयों को दूर करने के लिए उपचारात्मक शिक्षण किया जाता है।
निदानात्मक परीक्षण का कार्य है अनुत्तीर्ण बालक की कठिनाईयों को पहचानना और उन्हे दूर करने का हर संभव प्रयास करना।
उपचारात्मक शिक्षण की व्यवस्था करना।
अधिगम संबंधी कठिनाइयों का निदान करना।
निदानात्मक परीक्षण का कार्य अधिगम क्रिया में उचित सुधार लाकर अनुत्तीर्ण बालक की संख्या में कमी लाना है।
निदनात्मक परीक्षण का उद्देश्य ऐसे तत्वों व गलतियों को खोजना है, जो विद्यार्थी की विषय विशेष की प्रगति में रूकावट डालती है।
अतः हम कह सकते हैं कि किसी शिक्षार्थी की भाषा विषय क्षेत्र में किसी विशिष्ट कमजोरी को निदानात्मक परीक्षण के द्वारा पहचाना जा सकता है।
अतः विकल्प (B) सही  है।

दिए गए विकल्पों मे उचित उत्तर विकल्प 2 ‘तत्पुरुष’ है।
'विद्युत-शिखा' का समास विग्रह होगा- 'विद्युत की शिखा' इसमें 'की' कारक के प्रयोग होने के कारण यह सम्बन्ध तत्पुरुष समास होगा।

कक्षा एक के बच्चों का गृहकार्य जाँचते समय आप पाते हैं कि कुछ बच्चों के अक्षरों की बनावट टेढ़ी-मेढ़ी है। आप उन्हें सीधी रेखा में लिखकर दिखाएँगे। लेखन संबंधी सुझाव-

• लेखन क्रिया बच्चों की रूची के शब्दों से आरम्भ की जानी चाहिए।
• लिखने और पढ़ने की क्रियाएं साथ करानी चाहिए।
• लेखन एक कला है जिसका विकास अभ्यास तथा अनुकरण से किया जा सकता है।
• बच्चों द्वारा अक्षरों की बनावट टेढ़ी-मेढ़ी लिखने पर शिक्षक द्वारा आदर्श प्रस्तुत किया जाये जिसका बच्चें अनुकरण कर सके।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से ‘घातक हथियारों के कारण’ सही उत्तर है।
विज्ञान का सहयोग मनुष्य के लिए एक अभिशाप के रूप में भी सामने आया है। विज्ञान की सहायता से मानव ने घातक हथियारों का आविष्कार किया तथा साथ ही मनुष्य ने अपने सुख-चैन के लिए अनेक प्रकार की मशीनों को भी आविष्कार किया, किंतु अफ़सोस की बात यह है कि मशीन के साथ-साथ वह भी मशीन होता जा रहा है, जिसके कारण उसकी जीवन-शैली भी अत्यंत व्यस्त हो गई है।

Remedial teaching: During learning, a child makes mistakes willingly-unwillingly or due to some alternative conceptions. It is the job of a  teacher to help students to correct those mistakes after diagnosing them. The method so followed is known as remedial teaching. The following are its characteristics:

• It can be used for improving language skills by revision, drill, situation communicative practice and reviewing.
• To rectify a particular problem area, it can be used. For example, a student is confused among the pronunciation of ‘no’ and ‘know’, he can be taught the concept of silent letters.
• It also helps teacher to know which areas are left during regular teaching.
• It is carried out after the identification of problems (malady) and challenges faced by students.
• A teacher should be well aware of students’ strengths and weaknesses to apply this method.
• It is a systematic process as the teacher first diagnoses the problem of students and then applies appropriate remedial methods.

Hence, we conclude that remedial teaching should be carried out on identification of malady on a language test and its causes.

The constructivist frame/perspective is based on the idea that meaningful learning takes place when learners actively construct their own knowledge.

Exercise is not a method of remedial teaching in the teaching of Hindi language.
Many deficiencies of the students can be rectified through remedial work. Due to which students' interest in teaching Hindi will develop and students will be able to contribute in maintaining the standard form of Hindi language. Following is the method of remedial teaching in Hindi language teaching.
1) Extra classes
2) Seminars
3) Specific exercises
4) Collective removal of errors after diagnosis
5) Individual rectification of inaccuracies.
6) Removal of difficulties individually or collectively on the basis of individual differences.

A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". Look at these examples-
I want a cup of Strong (not powerful) coffee. 
He is a heavy (not big) smoker. 
NOTE:

• Spelling: the forming of words from letters according to accepted usage.
• Pronunciation: the way in which a particular letter word or sound is said.
• Idiomatic use: using language that contains expressions that are natural to somebody who learned the language as a child.

Hence, the task above tests the learner's ability in collocation.

An educated person learns four language skills. The four language skills are: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.

There are levels of writing that a learner goes through to master in it. It starts with familiarization, in which learners are familiarized with certain features of a particular text. Also, learners are given “certain grammar and vocabulary through a text”.
Freewriting refers to a prewriting activity that focuses on writing continuously regardless of grammar, spelling, and topic. In this, the language is the pupil’s own language, irrespective of their level of writing.
Other types of writing include:

So, we conclude that the above-mentioned statement refers to free-writing.

Given:
Speed of the boat in still water = 15 kmph
The time taken by the boat to travel downstream is 1/5th the time taken to travel upstream
Concept:
(s₁)/(s₂) = (t₂)/(t₁), where s is the speed and t is the time.
Downstream = speed of boat + speed of stream
Upstream = Speed of boat - speed of stream
Calculation:
(upstream speed)/(downstream speed) = (downstream time)/(upstream time)
Then, ratio of upstream speed and downstream speed = 1 : 5
Let the upstream speed and downstream speed are x and 5x
Speed of the boat in still water = (5x + x)/2
⇒ 3x
3x = 15
⇒ x = 5
speed of stream = (5x - x)/2
⇒ 2x
⇒ 10 kmph
∴ The Speed of the stream is 10 kmph.

Audio-visual aids are training or educational materials directed at both the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, e.g. films, recordings, and photographs used in classroom instructions, library collections, etc. Documentary film on a certain topic is easy to learn and interesting.

⇒ 48 ÷ 8 × 1/30 + 44/5 = ?
⇒ 6 × (1/30) + 44/5 = ?
⇒ 1/5 + 44/5 = ?
⇒ 45/5 = ?
⇒ ? = 9
∴ The required result will be 9.

Science refers to the study of the structure and behavior of physical and natural things through observation and experimentation. 

• Diagnostic test refers to the test which helps the teachers to know the learning difficulties or gaps in learner's understanding and identifying learner's strengths, weaknesses, skills, etc.

Neutralisation is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. By helping the learner to experience daily life situations in which neutralisation is involved, students will identify neutralisation reactions and summarize observations with respect to behaviour of indicators in acidic and basic solutions and its characteristics on their own. So, this is the best teaching strategy followed by a physical science teacher who is most concerned about a visually challenged learner to teach neutralisation.

An explanation method consists of one person talking to many about a topic or theme. The main purposes of an explanation method are to convey information, generate understanding, and stimulate interest.

Given :  
(x² + 7x + 10) ÷ (x + 2)
Concept: 
The coefficient is the number multiplied by a variable.
Solution :

∴  the coefficient of x is 1.

The Regional College of Education, Mysore (R.C.E.M) developed its system known as the R.C.E.M. In this system, mental skills are also considered very important. It accepted Bloom's Taxonomy as its foundation. Bloom has divided the cognitive objectives into six objectives, but the R.C.M.E. approach has transformed the six cognitive goals of Bloom into only four objectives. Bloom’s three most recent goals, namely analysis, synthesis, and evaluation have been termed ‘creativity, in the R.C.E.M. system. All mental abilities, involved in these four objectives, are grouped into 17 categories. Thus, we see that all human learning activities are divided into 17 mental skills.
Following are some examples of writing objectives in behavioral terms according to R.C.E.M. System-

• Cognitive Objective: The pupils can recall the definition of the term 'Motivation'.
• Understanding Objective: The pupils can differentiate teaching and training.

One question of value 2 marks

FORMULAE USED
A^mAⁿ = A^m+n
CALCULATION:
8³ × 8² × 8^-5 = 8^{3 + 2 - 5}
8³ × 8² × 8^-5 = 8⁰
∴ 8³ × 8² × 8^-5 = 1

This scientific attitude encourages students to approach scientific ideas and theories with a critical eye, and to evaluate evidence and data in a rigorous and objective manner.