Odisha Police SI (General Studies) Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 - Odisha Police SI MCQ

Position of India in the Mega Bio-diversity Countries in the World
India is known for its rich and diverse flora and fauna. It is considered to be one of the mega bio-diversity countries in the world. The position of India in the mega bio-diversity countries can be explained as follows:
1. Definition of Mega Bio-diversity Countries:
- Mega bio-diversity countries are those that harbor the majority of the Earth's species.
- These countries are recognized for their exceptional biodiversity and are of global importance for conservation.
2. Number of Mega Bio-diversity Countries:
- There is no fixed number of mega bio-diversity countries.
- Different sources may provide different lists, but they generally range from 10 to 20 countries.
3. India's Position:
- India is considered to be one of the mega bio-diversity countries in the world.
- It is estimated to be one of the 12 mega bio-diversity countries globally.
- India's diverse ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, deserts, and coastal areas, contribute to its high biodiversity.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: One of the 12 mega bio-diversity countries in the world. India's remarkable biodiversity highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect its unique species and ecosystems.

The treaty of Vienna drawn up in 1815 to restore the monarchies. The Treaty of Vienna of 1815, its objective was to undo most of the changes which had come in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. 
some of the steps taken by the treaty of Vienna are as follows: 
1. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French revolution, was restored to power. 
2. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.

Almanac: An annual publication giving astronomical data, information about the movements of the sun and moon, timing of full tides and eclipses, and much else that was of importance in the everyday life of the people.

Liberalism in early-nineteenth-century Europe stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. It emphasized the concept of government by consent and granted the right to vote and get elected exclusively to property-owning men. This ideology was closely tied to the early ideas of nationalism in Europe.

India is a fine example of Holding together a federation.

Holding together a federation is nothing but the division of powers between the states of the country and the central government of that country.

The ideas of Democracy:
There are several key ideas that democracy is based on, including:
1. Freedom: Democracy emphasizes individual freedom and the protection of basic human rights. Citizens have the freedom to express their opinions, participate in the political process, and make choices that affect their lives.
2. Negotiation: Democracy promotes negotiation and compromise as essential components of decision-making. Different viewpoints and interests are considered, and consensus is reached through dialogue and bargaining.
3. Deliberation: Democracy values the process of informed and thoughtful deliberation. It encourages citizens to engage in reasoned discussions, weigh different arguments, and make informed decisions based on the best available information.
4. Both negotiation and deliberation: Democracy combines the principles of negotiation and deliberation to ensure a fair and inclusive decision-making process. Negotiation allows diverse perspectives to be heard and compromises to be made, while deliberation ensures that decisions are well thought out and based on rational deliberation.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D: both B and C. Democracy is based on the ideas of freedom, negotiation, and deliberation, which are all essential for a functioning democratic system.

The Best Forests

When it comes to identifying the best forests, various factors need to be considered. In this case, the answer is Reserved Forests (C). Here's a detailed explanation:

1. Definition of Reserved Forests

• Reserved forests are areas that are legally protected and managed by the government for conservation purposes.


• These forests are typically set aside to preserve the biodiversity, wildlife, and natural resources found within them.

2. Importance of Reserved Forests

• Reserved forests play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and preventing deforestation.


• They serve as habitats for numerous plant and animal species, helping to sustain biodiversity.


• These forests also provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water regulation, and soil conservation.


• Reserved forests contribute to the overall health of the environment by mitigating climate change and supporting sustainable development.

3. Conservation Measures

• The management of reserved forests involves implementing conservation measures like controlled logging, wildlife protection, and reforestation efforts.


• Strict regulations and policies are enforced to limit human activities that may harm these forests, such as illegal logging and encroachment.


• Efforts are made to educate and raise awareness among local communities about the importance of preserving these forests.

4. Examples of Reserved Forests

• India has a vast network of reserved forests, including famous ones like Sundarbans in West Bengal and Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand.


• Other countries also have their own designated reserved forests, such as the Amazon Rainforest in South America and Bialowieza Forest in Europe.

In conclusion, reserved forests are considered the best forests due to their legal protection, conservation efforts, and ecological significance. These forests are vital for preserving biodiversity, supporting sustainable development, and mitigating climate change.

Answer:

Bauxite:

• Bauxite is a sedimentary rock that is the primary ore of aluminum.


• It is a mixture of minerals, mainly gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), along with impurities such as iron oxides and clay minerals.

Metal obtained from Bauxite:

• Aluminium:




• Aluminium is the metal that can be obtained from Bauxite.


• It is extracted from bauxite by a process known as the Bayer process.


• After extraction, aluminum is widely used in various industries due to its low density, resistance to corrosion, and excellent conductivity.

Other metals:

• Copper:




• Copper cannot be obtained from Bauxite. It is typically obtained from ores such as chalcopyrite, bornite, and malachite.




• Iron:




• Iron cannot be obtained from Bauxite. It is typically obtained from iron ores such as hematite and magnetite.




• Silver:




• Silver cannot be obtained from Bauxite. It is typically obtained from various sources such as silver ores, copper-nickel ores, lead-zinc ores, and gold ores.

Therefore, the correct answer is Aluminium (Option A).

States that receive winter rainfall:
- Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Explanation:
- Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu receives winter rainfall due to the northeast monsoon, also known as the winter monsoon. This monsoon brings rainfall to the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, particularly in the months of October to December.
- Andhra Pradesh: Andhra Pradesh also receives winter rainfall from the northeast monsoon. The coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh experience rainfall during the winter months.
- Other options mentioned in the question are incorrect:
- Odisha and West Bengal: These states receive rainfall during the summer monsoon season, not winter.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

The first Indian to publish a newspaper was Gangadhar Bhattacharya who brought out in English. In 1818 Digdarshan was started as the first Bengali weekly by Marshman from Srirampore. On December 4th 1821 Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Samvad Kaumudi and Persian weekly Mirat-ul-Akhbar in 1822.

Clayey soil with high water-holding capacity can lead to waterlogging, which can spoil tea crop growth.

Institution that settles disputes between citizens and the government:

• Supreme Court: The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States and has the ultimate authority to settle disputes between citizens and the government. It serves as the final interpreter of the Constitution and has the power to make decisions that are binding on all lower courts.


• District Court: District courts are the trial courts of the federal court system. While they hear a wide range of cases, they primarily handle civil and criminal cases. Disputes between citizens and the government can be initially heard in district courts.


• High Court: The term "High Court" can refer to different courts in different countries. In some countries, such as Australia and India, the High Court is the highest court and has the authority to settle disputes between citizens and the government. However, in the context of the United States, the term "High Court" is not commonly used.


• None of these: This option is incorrect as there is an institution that settles disputes between citizens and the government, which is the Supreme Court.

Afforestation, as mentioned, involves planting trees to combat land degradation. Trees play a crucial role in stabilizing soil, preventing erosion, enhancing biodiversity, and mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. By promoting afforestation initiatives, we can contribute to the conservation and restoration of degraded lands, ensuring their sustainable use for future generations.

Darjeeling had been the first location in Colonial Bengal to have been penetrated by the tea plantation on a large scale since the mid of the nineteenth century. In the initial years, the growth was simply phenomenal in the wake of large colonial capital investment.

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between political parties for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power.

Higher Rate of Economic Growth and Development: Democracies vs Dictatorships vs Non-Democratic Regimes vs Monarchies
Introduction:
The question is comparing different types of political systems to determine which one generally has a higher rate of economic growth and development. Let's analyze each option and examine their characteristics.
A: Democracies
- Democracies are political systems where power is vested in the people, who exercise it directly or through elected representatives.
- Key features of democracies include political freedom, civil liberties, rule of law, and competitive elections.
- Democracies promote transparency, accountability, and protection of individual rights.
- Economic policies in democracies tend to prioritize private property rights, free market competition, and entrepreneurship.
- Democracies generally have more stable and predictable economic policies, which can attract foreign investment and stimulate economic growth.
- However, decision-making processes in democracies can be slower due to the need for consensus and public opinion, which may hinder rapid economic development.
B: Dictatorships
- Dictatorships are political systems where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group of people.
- Dictators often come to power through force, and their rule is typically characterized by limited political freedom and suppression of dissent.
- Economic policies in dictatorships can vary widely, but they often prioritize stability and control over rapid growth.
- Dictatorships may prioritize infrastructure development and large-scale projects to demonstrate progress and maintain control.
- However, lack of transparency, corruption, and limited accountability can hinder long-term economic growth and discourage foreign investment.
- Economic development in dictatorships can be highly dependent on the ruler's economic competence and stability of the regime.
C: All Non-Democratic Regimes
- Non-democratic regimes encompass different political systems, including dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies, and one-party rule.
- These systems often lack political freedoms, transparency, and accountability.
- Economic policies in non-democratic regimes can vary significantly, depending on the specific characteristics of the regime.
- Some non-democratic regimes may prioritize economic growth and development, while others may prioritize stability or the ruling elite's interests.
- Lack of political freedoms and rule of law can create an uncertain business environment, hindering long-term economic growth.
- Economic development in non-democratic regimes is highly dependent on the specific policies and characteristics of the regime in question.
D: Monarchies
- Monarchies are political systems where power is vested in a hereditary monarch.
- Monarchies can have varying degrees of political freedoms, depending on the specific system.
- Economic policies in monarchies can range from autocratic to more democratic, depending on the monarch's approach and the presence of other governing institutions.
- Economic development in monarchies can be influenced by factors such as the monarch's economic competence, stability of the monarchy, and the presence of supportive institutions.
- Some monarchies may prioritize stability and long-term planning, which can provide a conducive environment for economic growth.
- However, lack of political freedoms and potential for dynastic rule can hinder innovation and limit economic opportunities.
Conclusion:
- It is challenging to generalize which type of political system has a higher rate of economic growth and development, as various factors influence economic outcomes.
- Democracies generally prioritize individual rights, transparency, and accountability, which can attract foreign investment and promote long-term economic

India and Colombia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to share India’s open-sourced digital public infrastructure (DPI). The MoU is for cooperation in digital transformation, including sharing successful digital solutions that have been implemented at population scale. India has developed some of the world’s best digital public goods infrastructure, including delivering services to the public during the COVID pandemic.

Perimeter of the wheel

Hence, Option B is correct.

(The volume of cube = side³)
The ratio of sides = ∛8 : ∛27 = 2 : 3
Hence, Option B is correct.

8 × 39 + 13 × 43 = 871
Since the 8th number came twice, it is added two times.
So the answer = 871 – 20 × 41 = 51
Hence, Option A is correct.

Hence, Option A is correct.

Let the widh = 2x
Length = 3x
2x × 3x = 54
x = 3 cm
Hence, Option A is correct.

The ratio of 1 hour to 300 seconds is:

• To compare time, we should convert both times to the same unit. Let's convert 1 hour to seconds (since 1 hour = 3600 seconds).
• 1 hour = 1 × 3600 seconds = 3600 seconds
• Now we have 3600 seconds to 300 seconds. The ratio is  3600 : 300.
• To simplify, divide both by their greatest common divisor, which is 300.
• 
• So, the ratio is 12 : 1, which corresponds to option (b).

The correct answer is F12.

Key Points

• Save the current document: Press Ctrl + S to save the current document immediately.
• Open the Save As window: Press F12 to open the Save As dialog box to save the document with a specific filename or in a new folder. 
• F8 - Toggles whether to extend a selection with the arrow keys.
• F9 - Updates all the field codes in the current selection.
• F10 - Toggles the display of the ribbon shortcut keys otherwise known as Access Keys.

Additional Information

Important Shortcut keys used in MS Word:

• Cut the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+X.
• Copy the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+C.
• Paste the contents of the Clipboard -Ctrl+V.
• Increase the font size by 1 point.- Ctrl+].
• Center the text - Ctrl+E.
• Align the text to the left - Ctrl+L .

The correct answer is Shift+Spacebar.

Key Points 

• The Shift+Spacebar keyboard shortcut in Excel 2010 is used to select all cells of the current row. 
• Ctrl+Spacebar shortcut selects the entire column.
• Clicking ctrl+spacebar once selects the table column data whereas clicking crtl+spacebar twice selects the entire table column.
• You can also do this by clicking the top edge of the column header in the table.

Additional Information 

• To select a table row, click the first cell in the table row, then click the ctrl+shift+right arrow.
• To select all rows and columns, click anywhere in the table and click ctrl+A.
• Ctrl+Alt+F9 shortcut calculates all worksheets in all open workbooks, regardless of whether they have changed since their last calculation.
• F9 shortcut calculates all worksheets in all workbooks.

The correct answer is Expansion cards.

Key Points

• Expansion cards contain edge connectors that are used to enable communication between the motherboard and different card.​
  • It is an electronic card/board that adds extra functionality to a computer.
  • It is inserted into an expansion slot on the motherboard of a computer.

Additional Information

• ​A port is a physical docking point using which an external device can be connected to the computer.
• The system bus is the internal path from the CPU to memory.
  • It is split into address bus and data bus subsets.
  • Addresses are sent over the address lines to signal a memory location.
  • Data are transferred over the data lines to that location.
  • System buses transfer data in parallel. In a 32-bit bus, data are sent over 32 wires simultaneously.
• An expansion bay or bay is an open computer section used for expansion add-ons to your computer, such as a hard drive and CD-ROM drive.

The correct option is (1)

A path to move items on a slide

Key Points

• Motion routes are animation effects that sequentially move sliding objects to effectively tell a story. It can be accessed through the Animation menu. 
• On a slide, a motion route is used to move an object in a precise direction. Motion routes can be combined with other effects. Put a motion path to use.
• To add a motion route to something, click on it. The motion path you use is followed by the center of the object or text.
• Click Add Animation under the Animations tab. Select a motion path by descending to that section.
• If you select the Custom path option, you can draw the path that the item should follow. Press Esc to halt the drafting of a custom path.
• Any graphical object can be animated along a specific route with the help of the CSS module Motion Path. The notion is that up until now, the only options for animating elements that are travelling along a path were translation, position, etc.

The correct option is (1)

Herman Hollerith

 Key Points

• Herman Hollerith created the technology for punch card data processing at the end of the 1800s in order to record data on a medium that a machine could then read for the 1890 U.S. census.
• A card with data represented by holes punched at specific locations. also known as a punched card or Hollerith card.
• Punched cards were first used to "program" looms and machine for the production of textiles in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

Additional Information

• Because the design of early computers was influenced by the Jacquard loom's interchangeable punch cards, it is frequently thought of as a forerunner to modern computing.
• French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal made significant contributions to several branches of mathematics.

The correct option is (1)

Moves the cursor one paragraph down

Key Points

• The down arrow on the keyboard is used to move the pointer to one paragraph. 
• To fast navigate across significant portions of your spreadsheet, hold down CTRL and an arrow key while pressing SCROLL LOCK. The status bar in Excel will show Scroll Lock when it is on.
• Choose a paragraph. Shift + Down + Ctrl. Arrow. choosing text. Choose a character (s)

Additional Information

• The "up arrow" moves your cursor up one line of typed characters at a time while using word processors, and the "down arrow" moves it down one line of entered characters at a time.
• The cursor can be moved one page down by pressing "Ctrl + PageDown."
• Right arrow key and Alt Move ahead. Page Up + Alt. Go one screen higher. Page down and Alt. One screen lower, move.

• Winchester disk: A Winchester disk, also known as a hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that stores and retrieves digital information using rapidly rotating disks coated with magnetic material.
• Floppy Drive: A floppy disk drive is a magnetic storage device that uses a flexible, removable disk coated with magnetic material to store and retrieve digital information.
• Memory Card: A memory card is a solid-state storage device that uses flash memory to store and retrieve digital information. It does not use magnetic storage technology.
• Magnetic Tape: Magnetic tape is a magnetic storage medium that uses a long, narrow strip of plastic coated with magnetic material to store and retrieve digital information.

So, the correct option is 3) Memory Card, as it is not a magnetic storage device.