OneTime: Test: Public Facilities - 2 - Class 8 MCQ

The most important forms of public transport over short distances are:
- Buses: Buses are a popular and widely used form of public transport for short distances. They are cost-effective, convenient, and provide transportation to multiple destinations within a city or town.
- Scooters: Scooters, particularly electric scooters, have gained popularity as a form of short-distance public transport. They are efficient, eco-friendly, and easy to maneuver through traffic. Many cities have introduced scooter-sharing programs to provide convenient and affordable transportation options.
- Bicycles: Bicycles are a sustainable and healthy mode of transport for short distances. They are often used for commuting within cities and offer benefits such as reduced traffic congestion, improved air quality, and personal fitness.
- Trams: Trams or streetcars are common in urban areas and provide efficient transportation over short distances. They run on fixed tracks and have regular stops, making them convenient for commuting within a city.
- Metro: Metro systems are prevalent in larger cities and offer fast and reliable transportation over short distances. They operate on dedicated tracks and have designated stations, providing easy access to different parts of the city.
- Taxis: Taxis are a convenient option for short-distance travel, offering door-to-door service. They are readily available in urban areas and can be hailed on the street or booked through mobile apps.
- Walking: Walking is the simplest and most accessible form of transport for short distances. It promotes physical activity, reduces pollution, and is often the quickest option for covering short distances within a neighborhood or city center.
- Carpooling: Carpooling involves sharing a ride with others traveling in the same direction. It is an effective way to utilize private cars for short-distance travel, reducing traffic congestion and carbon emissions.
- Micro-mobility options: With the advent of technology and innovation, various micro-mobility options have emerged, such as electric skateboards, hoverboards, and electric unicycles. These compact and portable devices offer an alternative means of transportation for short distances.
In conclusion, the most important forms of public transport over short distances include buses, scooters, bicycles, trams, metros, taxis, walking, carpooling, and micro-mobility options. The choice of transport depends on factors such as cost, convenience, environmental impact, and personal preferences.

To identify the non-metropolitan city among the given options, we can analyze the characteristics of each city and determine which one does not fit the criteria of being a metropolitan city.
Key Points:
- Chennai: Chennai is a metropolitan city in India and the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu. It is known for its economic and cultural significance.
- Delhi: Delhi is the capital city of India and is one of the most populous metropolitan cities in the country. It is a major political, cultural, and commercial center.
- Kolkata: Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is a metropolitan city in the eastern part of India. It is the capital of the state of West Bengal and is known for its rich history and cultural heritage.
Analysis:
By analyzing the given options, we can conclude that the non-metropolitan city among them is Goa. Here's why:
- Goa: Goa is a state in India and is known for its beautiful beaches and tourism. However, it is not classified as a metropolitan city. It is a smaller state compared to the other options and does not have the same level of urban development as the metropolitan cities.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the answer is D: Goa, as it is not a metropolitan city.

The burden of shortfalls in water supply falls mostly on the poor. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Lack of Access:
- Many poor communities lack access to clean and reliable water supply.
- They may have to travel long distances to fetch water or rely on contaminated sources.
- This puts additional physical and financial burden on the poor.
2. Affordability:
- Poor households often struggle to afford water and sanitation services.
- They may have to spend a significant portion of their income on purchasing water from private vendors.
- This further exacerbates their financial hardship.
3. Health Implications:
- Inadequate water supply increases the risk of waterborne diseases for the poor.
- Lack of clean water for drinking, cooking, and sanitation purposes can lead to various health issues.
- Poor individuals, especially children, are more vulnerable to these diseases due to their weakened immune systems.
4. Social and Economic Impact:
- Insufficient water supply hampers the productivity and development of poor communities.
- Lack of water for irrigation affects agricultural productivity, which is often a primary source of income for the poor.
- Limited access to water also hinders educational opportunities and overall well-being.
Overall, the burden of shortfalls in water supply disproportionately affects the poor, both in terms of their health and socio-economic conditions. It is essential to address this issue by implementing sustainable water management strategies and ensuring equitable access to clean water for all.

The answer is C: 1 bucket.

Here is a detailed explanation:

Definition of Slums:
- Slums are densely populated areas characterized by poor housing conditions, inadequate access to basic services such as water and sanitation, and a lack of security of tenure.
- Slums are typically found in urban areas and are home to a large number of low-income households.
Living Conditions in Slums:
- People living in slums often face numerous challenges, including limited access to clean water, sanitation facilities, healthcare, and education.
- Due to poverty and limited resources, people in slums have to make do with very little on a daily basis.
Access to Water:
- One of the basic needs that people in slums struggle with is access to clean water.
- Many slum dwellers have to rely on public water taps or other shared sources of water.
- The amount of water available to each person is often limited, and they have to manage with a small quantity.
Less than 1 Bucket per Day:
- The given answer choice of 1 bucket per day indicates the limited amount of water available to people in slums.
- A bucket typically holds around 10 liters of water.
- Having less than 1 bucket per day means that each person in the slum has to make do with less than 10 liters of water.
Impact and Challenges:
- Having limited access to water poses various challenges for people living in slums.
- They may struggle with personal hygiene, sanitation, and cleanliness.
- Limited water availability also affects cooking, cleaning, and other daily activities.
In conclusion, people in slums have to make do with less than 1 bucket of water per day per person. This limited access to water poses significant challenges to their daily lives and overall well-being.

The shortage of municipal water can be seen as a failure of the government. Here's a detailed explanation:
Reasons for considering the government as responsible for the shortage of municipal water:
1. Infrastructure management: The government is responsible for the proper management and maintenance of water infrastructure, including treatment plants, pipelines, and distribution networks. If there is a shortage, it indicates a failure in these areas.
2. Planning and allocation: It is the government's responsibility to plan for the future water needs of a municipality and allocate resources accordingly. If there is a shortage, it suggests a lack of foresight and proper allocation of water resources.
3. Governance and regulation: The government is responsible for regulating water usage and ensuring equitable distribution among different sectors, such as residential, commercial, and industrial. If there is a shortage, it implies a failure in enforcing regulations and addressing water wastage or misuse.
4. Investment and funding: The government needs to invest in water infrastructure development, maintenance, and upgrading. If there is a shortage, it could indicate a lack of investment or insufficient funding for necessary projects.
5. Emergency response: During times of drought or other water scarcity situations, it is the government's responsibility to implement emergency measures, such as water rationing or implementing alternative water sources. If there is a shortage and inadequate response, it points to a failure in emergency planning and execution.
In conclusion, a shortage of municipal water is often seen as a failure of the government due to its responsibility for water infrastructure management, planning and allocation, governance and regulation, investment and funding, and emergency response.

The steep rise in the price of water led to protests and riots in various cities, ultimately resulting in the government reclaiming control of the water service from private hands. Let's examine the situation in detail:
1. Introduction:
- The price of water rose significantly, making it unaffordable for many people.
- This situation sparked widespread protests and riots in cities.
2. Impact in Different Places:
- Chennai: One of the cities affected by the water price rise.
- America: Although protests may have occurred in certain regions, the statement does not provide enough context to suggest that riots broke out on a large scale.
- Bolivia: The statement specifically mentions riots, indicating that the protests in Bolivia escalated into violent clashes.
- Brazil: The statement does not mention Brazil, so it is unlikely to be the correct answer.
3. Government Intervention:
- The riots and protests forced the government to take action.
- As a result, the government decided to regain control of the water service from private entities.
4. Conclusion:
- The situation of an unaffordable price rise in water led to riots and protests in various cities.
- The government was compelled to step in and reclaim control of the water service.
Therefore, based on the given information, the correct answer is C: Bolivia.

To protect people from exploitation, the government implements laws. Here is a detailed explanation:
The Role of Laws in Protecting People from Exploitation:
- Laws serve as a framework that establishes the rights and responsibilities of individuals and organizations within a society.
- They provide protection against various forms of exploitation, including labor exploitation, human trafficking, child labor, and unfair trade practices.
- Laws ensure that individuals are treated fairly and prevent any form of abuse or mistreatment.
- They establish guidelines for working conditions, wages, and benefits to prevent worker exploitation.
- Laws also address issues such as discrimination, harassment, and abuse, protecting individuals from exploitation based on their gender, race, age, or other characteristics.
- They set standards for product safety and quality, protecting consumers from exploitation by unscrupulous businesses.
- Laws provide a legal framework for prosecuting and punishing those who engage in exploitative activities, acting as a deterrent for potential offenders.
- They empower individuals to seek justice and legal recourse if they have been exploited, ensuring their rights are protected and upheld.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, laws play a crucial role in protecting individuals from exploitation. They establish rights, regulate behaviors, and provide legal remedies to safeguard individuals from various forms of exploitation.

Answer:
To determine which of the following options is not an essential good, we need to analyze each option and consider whether it is necessary for basic needs and survival. Here is a detailed explanation:
A: Sugar
- Sugar is widely used as a sweetener and is considered a non-essential good.
- While it is commonly consumed, it is not necessary for basic survival.
B: Car
- A car is not an essential good as it is a mode of transportation rather than a basic necessity.
- While it may be convenient and useful, it is not required for basic survival.
C: Kerosene
- Kerosene is often used for cooking, heating, and lighting in areas without access to electricity.
- It is considered an essential good for those who rely on it for daily needs.
D: Food grains
- Food grains, such as rice, wheat, and corn, are essential for human survival.
- They provide necessary nutrients and calories for sustenance.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, the option that is not an essential good is B: Car. While sugar is not essential for survival, it is still commonly consumed. Kerosene and food grains, on the other hand, are vital for meeting basic needs.

The wages act is related to workers. Thus it provides wages for standard living to the workers.

The correct answer is D: 14.
Explanation:
To understand the answer, let's break down the information given in the question:
1. In October 2006, the government amended the Child Labour Prevention Act.
2. The amendment specifically banned children from working as domestic servants or in establishments such as dhabas, restaurants, tea shops, etc.
3. The question asks for the minimum age under which children are banned from such work.
We need to determine the age mentioned in the Child Labour Prevention Act amendment. The correct answer can be found by analyzing the information given in the options:
A: 12
B: 13
C: 11
D: 14
The correct answer is D: 14. This means that children under the age of 14 are banned from working as domestic servants or in establishments such as dhabas, restaurants, tea shops, etc, as per the amendment to the Child Labour Prevention Act in October 2006.

UC means Union Carbide

• Union Carbide is a multinational chemical company that produces various industrial chemicals and plastics.


• The company was founded in 1917 and has its headquarters in the United States.


• Union Carbide has been involved in the production of chemicals for a wide range of industries, including agriculture, automotive, electronics, and more.


• The company has faced significant controversies and legal issues, most notably the Bhopal disaster in 1984, when a toxic gas leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries.


• Union Carbide was acquired by Dow Chemical Company in 2001 and is now a wholly-owned subsidiary.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Union Carbide.

The world's worst industrial tragedy took place in Bhopal 24 years ago.

The Bhopal gas tragedy is considered one of the most devastating industrial accidents in history. Here are the key details:

• Location: Bhopal, India


• Date: The tragedy occurred on December 2-3, 1984


• Company: The accident took place at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant


• Cause: A toxic gas called methyl isocyanate (MIC) leaked from one of the storage tanks, resulting in a deadly gas cloud spreading over the nearby residential areas


• Immediate Impact: The gas leak caused the immediate death of thousands of people. It is estimated that around 3,800 people died within the first few days, and thousands more suffered from severe injuries and long-term health effects


• Long-Term Consequences: The Bhopal gas tragedy had severe environmental and health consequences. The contaminated soil and water sources have continued to affect the local population, leading to ongoing health issues and birth defects


• Legal and Compensation: The disaster led to numerous legal battles and compensation claims against Union Carbide Corporation. In 1989, a settlement of $470 million was reached, which many considered inadequate considering the scale of the tragedy


• Lessons Learned: The Bhopal gas tragedy highlighted the importance of industrial safety regulations, emergency preparedness, and corporate responsibility. It served as a wake-up call for stricter regulations and better safety standards in the industry

The Bhopal gas tragedy stands as a tragic reminder of the devastating consequences that industrial accidents can have on human lives and the environment. It continues to serve as a case study for understanding the importance of safety measures and the need for accountability in the industrial sector.

CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas.

Explanation:
The acronym CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas. It refers to a fuel that is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. CNG is mainly composed of methane gas and is used as an alternative to traditional gasoline and diesel fuels. Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
- Definition of CNG: CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas.
- Composition: CNG is mainly composed of methane gas, which is the primary component of natural gas.
- Production: CNG is produced by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure.
- Benefits of CNG: CNG is considered a cleaner and more environmentally friendly fuel compared to gasoline and diesel. It produces lower emissions of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.
- Usage: CNG is commonly used as a fuel for vehicles, particularly in areas where natural gas is abundant and infrastructure for CNG refueling stations is available.
- Conversion Kits: Some vehicles can be converted to run on CNG by installing conversion kits that allow the engine to burn natural gas instead of gasoline or diesel.
- Availability: CNG is available at select fueling stations, and the number of CNG refueling stations is increasing as the demand for CNG-fueled vehicles grows.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas, which is a cleaner and more environmentally friendly alternative fuel for vehicles. It is produced by compressing natural gas and is commonly used in areas with CNG refueling infrastructure.

Explanation:
To answer this question, we need to understand the definitions of the given options and determine which one applies to an individual who buys goods for personal use and not for resale.
A: Investors
- Investors are individuals or entities that allocate capital with the expectation of receiving a return on their investment.
- They typically invest in assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, or businesses.
- Investors aim to generate profit or income from their investments.
B: Owners
- Owners refer to individuals or entities who possess or have legal rights to something, such as property, businesses, or assets.
- They have control over the use and management of the owned items.
C: Producer
- Producers are individuals or entities involved in the creation or manufacturing of goods or services.
- They are responsible for the production process and bringing products to the market.
D: Consumer
- Consumers are individuals who purchase goods or services for their personal use or consumption.
- They are the end-users of products and do not intend to resell them.
Based on the definitions provided, the correct answer is Option D: Consumer. Consumers are individuals who buy goods for their personal use and not for resale. They are the end-users of the products and do not have the intention of generating profit or income from their purchases.

Supreme Court Rulings on Diesel Vehicles:
The Supreme Court issued a series of rulings starting from 1998, mandating a switch from diesel fuel to an alternative fuel for public transport vehicles. The specific alternative fuel ordered by the court was Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Here is a detailed explanation of the rulings and their impact:
1. Supreme Court Rulings:
- The Supreme Court of India, in response to growing concerns over air pollution and its impact on public health, passed a series of rulings from 1998 onwards.
- These rulings aimed to reduce pollution levels by phasing out the use of diesel fuel in public transport vehicles.
2. Mandate to Switch:
- As part of these rulings, the Supreme Court ordered all public transport vehicles using diesel to switch to an alternative fuel.
- The alternative fuel specified by the court was Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
3. Reason for Choosing CNG:
- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) was chosen as an alternative to diesel due to its cleaner burning properties.
- CNG emits lower levels of harmful pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) compared to diesel.
4. Implementation and Impact:
- The switch to CNG was implemented gradually, with a phased approach across different cities and regions in India.
- Public transport vehicles, including buses, taxis, and auto-rickshaws, were required to convert their engines to run on CNG.
- The implementation of the Supreme Court's rulings resulted in a significant reduction in air pollution levels in areas where CNG was adopted.
5. Benefits of CNG:
- CNG is a cleaner fuel compared to diesel, contributing to improved air quality and reduced health risks associated with pollution.
- CNG also has the potential to lower greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change.
- Additionally, CNG is generally more cost-effective than diesel, offering potential economic benefits for public transport operators.
In conclusion, the Supreme Court's rulings from 1998 onwards mandated a switch from diesel to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for public transport vehicles. This decision was made to address the growing concerns over air pollution and its impact on public health. The implementation of this switch has resulted in improved air quality and reduced pollution levels in areas where CNG has been adopted.

Given that within three days, more than ___ people were dead.

We need to determine the number of people who died within three days.

Approach:

• Since the answer choices provided are in the form of options A, B, C, and D, we can check each option to find the correct answer.


• We will evaluate each option and determine if it is more than the number of people who died within three days.


• Once we find an option that satisfies the condition, that will be the correct answer.

Calculation:

• Option A: 5000 - This option states that more than 5000 people were dead within three days. Since the answer choices are in the form of "more than," this option could be a potential answer.


• Option B: 7000 - This option states that more than 7000 people were dead within three days. This is a higher number than Option A, so it cannot be the correct answer.


• Option C: 8000 - This option states that more than 8000 people were dead within three days. This is a higher number than Option B, so it cannot be the correct answer.


• Option D: 6000 - This option states that more than 6000 people were dead within three days. This is a lower number than Option C, so it cannot be the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: 8000. Within three days, more than 8000 people were dead.

Definition of Workers Union:

A Workers Union is an association or organization formed by workers in order to collectively bargain for better wages, working conditions, and other benefits. It is a means for workers to come together and advocate for their rights and interests in the workplace.

Key Points:

• An association of workers: A Workers Union is primarily composed of workers who have joined together in order to have a stronger voice and bargaining power.


• An association of owners: A Workers Union is not an association of owners or employers. It is specifically formed by workers to represent their interests.


• A group of workers: While a Workers Union is indeed a group of workers, it is important to note that it is more than just a casual gathering. It is a formal organization with specific objectives and activities.


• An owner of industry: A Workers Union is not an owner of an industry. It is established by workers to protect their rights and improve their working conditions within an industry.

Overall, the correct answer is A: An association of workers. A Workers Union is a collective organization formed by workers to advocate for their rights and interests in the workplace.

Explanation:
The right to life is a fundamental right that is recognized and protected by various international human rights instruments and legal systems. Here is a detailed explanation of why the answer is B: Fundamental Right.
Definition of the right to life:
The right to life is the inherent and inalienable right of every human being to live and not to be arbitrarily deprived of life.
Reasons why the right to life is a fundamental right:
1. Universal recognition: The right to life is universally recognized as a fundamental right by various international human rights instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and regional human rights treaties.
2. Inherent value of human life: The right to life is based on the inherent value and dignity of every human being. It is considered the most fundamental of all human rights, as it forms the basis for the enjoyment of other rights.
3. Non-derogability: The right to life is non-derogable, meaning it cannot be suspended or limited even in times of emergency or conflict. This reflects the absolute and non-negotiable nature of this right.
4. Protection against arbitrary deprivation: The right to life protects individuals from arbitrary deprivation of life by state authorities or non-state actors. It imposes an obligation on governments to take positive measures to protect life and prevent unlawful killings.
5. Interdependence with other rights: The right to life is closely linked to other human rights, such as the right to liberty, the right to security of person, and the right to a fair trial. Without the right to life, the enjoyment of these other rights would be meaningless.
6. Judicial recognition: The right to life has been recognized and enforced by courts around the world. It is often invoked in cases involving capital punishment, extrajudicial killings, and other violations of the right to life.
In conclusion, the right to life is a fundamental right that is universally recognized, based on the inherent value of human life, and protected against arbitrary deprivation. It forms the foundation for the enjoyment of other human rights and is considered non-derogable.

Enforcement of law becomes important when:
1. Law seeks to protect the weak from the strong: When the law aims to provide justice and ensure fairness by safeguarding the rights of individuals who may be vulnerable or at a disadvantage, enforcement becomes crucial. This includes protecting marginalized groups, victims of crime, and those with less power or influence.
2. Law seeks to protect the government: When laws are in place to maintain stability, order, and security within a society, enforcement becomes necessary. This includes protecting the integrity of the government, ensuring compliance with regulations, and preventing threats to national security.
3. Law seeks to protect children: When laws are specifically designed to ensure the well-being, safety, and rights of children, enforcement becomes vital. This includes protecting children from abuse, exploitation, neglect, and ensuring access to education, healthcare, and a nurturing environment.
4. Law seeks to protect ministers: While the protection of ministers may be important in some contexts, it is not a universal reason for the importance of law enforcement. However, in situations where the law aims to safeguard the well-being and rights of religious or political leaders, enforcement may be necessary.
In conclusion, the enforcement of law becomes important when it aims to protect the weak from the strong, ensure the stability of the government, safeguard the well-being of children, or protect the rights of ministers in specific cases. These reasons highlight the significance of law enforcement in maintaining social order, justice, and the overall well-being of society.

As per the Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, amended in 2016 ("CLPR Act"), a "Child" is defined as any person below the age of 14, and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a Child in any employment including as a domestic help.