PS TET Paper 2: Social Science Test - 2 - PS TET MCQ

The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.
Separation of power is the odd one out.

In Garbhagriha, the image of the main deity is placed.

Story boards have been used extensively to familiarise students with ideas in the textbook Social and Political Life published by the NCERT. They help in creation of interest in the students, and besides help in proper understanding of the topic.

The dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in the 1870s and 1880s.
Some important Events:

• Lord Lytton passed the Vernacular Press Act 1878 that authorised the government to confiscate newspapers that printed 'seditious material'. He also passed the Arms Act 1878 that prohibited Indians from carrying weapons of any kind without licenses. Englishmen were excluded from this act.
• The Ilbert Bill was a legislative act introduced in 1883 during the tenure of Viceroy Ripon and written by Sir Courtenay Pergine Ilbert. The act stipulated that Indian judges could try Europeans.
• Swadeshi Movement had its roots in the anti-partition movement which was started to oppose Lord Curzon’s decision of dividing the province of Bengal. In August 1905, at Calcutta Townhall, a massive meeting was held and the formal proclamation of the Swadeshi Movement was made.
• The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British government to increase their grip on power over the common folk. This law was passed in March 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council which gave them the power to arrest any person without any trial. 

Thus, we can say that the correct order is B, D, A, C.

• India is one of the most diverse nations in terms of religion.
• Freedom of religion in India is a fundamental right guaranteed by Article 25-28 of the Constitution of India.

For several centuries, Mahavira's and his disciples' teachings were passed down orally. Around 1500 years ago, they were recorded in Gujarat at a location named Valabhi in the current form that is available today.

• The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India.
• All sections of the Congress – the Moderates and the Radicals, as they may be called – opposed it.
• Large public meetings and demonstrations were organised and novel methods of mass protest developed.
• The Swadeshi movement sought to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education, and use of Indian languages. So, statement A is correct.
• To fight for swaraj, the radicals advocated mass mobilisation and boycott of British institutions and goods.
• Some individuals also began to suggest that “revolutionary violence” would be necessary to overthrow British rule. 
• The First World War altered both the economic and political situation in India.
• It led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India. Thus, statement B is incorrect.
• The government in turn increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits.
• Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people.
• On the other hand, business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.
• The war created a demand for industrial goods (jute bags, cloth, rails) and caused a decline in imports from other countries into India. 
• So Indian industries expanded during the war, and Indian business groups began to demand greater opportunities for development. Hence, statement C is correct.

Therefore we conclude that the correct option is only (A) and (C)

• Universal Adult Franchise means that all adults over the age of 18 years have the Right to Vote.
• It gives the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, ethnicity, race, or any other restriction, subject only to relatively minor exceptions.
• India adopted a universal adult franchise when the present constitution was enacted in 1949, implemented on 26 January 1950.
• It is adopted as a basis of elections to the Lok Sabha and the state legislative assemblies.

Thus, we can say that Universal Adult Suffrage means that all adults over the age of 18 years have the Right to Vote.

Let the units digit of the original number be 'u'.
Let the tens digit be 'a'.
Thus, hundreds digit is 7 + u.The number is 100(7 + u) + 10a + u.
The number on being reversed is 100u + 10a + 7 + u.
The difference is 100(7 + u) + 10a + u - (100u + 10a + 7 + u).
= 700 + 100u + 10a + u - 7 - u - 10a - 100u = 693
Thus, the units digit of the number so obtained is 3.
Hence, option (4) is correct.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a very aggressive molecule. It's a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that is lighter than air and can be fatal to life. It has a greater affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen does. It displaces oxygen and quickly binds, so very little oxygen is transported through the body cells.

Upanishad literally means ‘approaching and sitting near’.

• The Upanishads are ancient philosophical texts that form a significant part of the Hindu scriptures.
• These were part of the later Vedic texts.
• Upanishad literally means ‘approaching and sitting near’.
• The texts contain conversations between teachers and students.
• Often, ideas were presented through simple dialogues. 
• The term "Upanishad" refers to a collection of ancient philosophical texts that are considered to be the final part of the Vedas, the ancient scriptures of Hinduism.
• The Upanishads contain some of the most important teachings and ideas of Hinduism, including the nature of the self (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman), the concept of karma and rebirth, and the practice of yoga and meditation.

Hence we conclude that Upanishad literary means ‘approaching and sitting near’.

• The Earth's axial tilt causes the variation in daylight hours and the changing of the seasons.
• The tilt is approximately 23.5 degrees relative to the Earth's orbital plane around the Sun.
• As Earth orbits the Sun, the axial tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year, resulting in the seasons.
• On June 21st, the Northern Hemisphere experiences the summer solstice, which is the longest day and shortest night of the year.
• This occurs because the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, and as a result, the Sun appears at its highest point in the sky at solar noon.
• This leads to more daylight hours and warmer temperatures.
• At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere experiences the winter solstice, which is the shortest day and longest night of the year.
• This occurs because the South Pole is tilted away from the Sun.
• As a result, the Sun appears lower in the sky, leading to fewer daylight hours and colder temperatures.

So, on June 21st in the Southern Hemisphere, the correct statement is: Shortest day and longest night

Thermal Inversion:

• Typically, the temperature drops as elevation rise. It's known as the usual lapse rate.
• The typical lapse rate can occasionally be flipped when the circumstances are reversed.
• It is referred to as a temperature inversion.
• Inversions are often brief but nonetheless relatively frequent.
• An optimal environment for an inversion is a long winter night with calm air and clear skies.
• By early morning, the earth is colder than the atmosphere because the heat of the day has dissipated during the night.
• Temperature inversion is typical year-round over polar regions.
• Inversion at the surface encourages stability in the lower atmosphere.
• Smoke and dust particles gather and spread horizontally to cover the lower layers of the atmosphere.
• Morning-dense fogs are the result of inversion, especially throughout the winter.
• Due to the flow of air, an inversion occurs on hills and mountains.
• Gravity causes the cold air in the hills and mountains to flow at night. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Due to its weight and density, the cold air travels down the hill to accumulate in valley bottoms.
• It pushes the pockets with warm air above.
• It is known as valley inversion. It guards against frost damage to plants.

Role of Inversion in Delhi Pollution:

• It typically occurs when the sky is clear and the breeze is gentle and tranquil. 
• When the warm air rises, cooler air beneath an inversion cannot escape since it is lower in temperature.
• As a result, the pollutants are trapped closer to the ground rather than dispersed higher in the atmosphere.
• A drop in temperature lowers the inversion height. 
• It is the level beyond which pollutants cannot permeate into the upper atmosphere.
• The warmer layer covers the cooler air that is in touch with the ground and where contaminants are concentrated.
• The smog is a result of this circumstance. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The term "cognitive process" refers to the mental functions involved in the acquisition, storage, interpretation, manipulation, transformation, and application of knowledge.

Colonisation refers to the act of taking control of a particular area.

Education was not one of the criteria.
In the aftermath of the Reformation, it was common in European countries for people of disfavoured religious denominations to be denied civil and political rights, often including the right to vote, to stand for election or to sit in parliament.
The autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire was the first nation to allow all women to both vote and run for parliament.
Until the nineteenth century, many Western proto-democracies had property qualifications in their electoral laws; e.g. only landowners could vote.

Too frequent testing is not recommended by CBSE. This burdens the students with the expectations of their parents, and teachers. In the process, they start memorising the concepts, rather than understanding them. Besides, Formative Assessment is used to evaluate the student, so that their problems can be identified and rectified. Too much testing may deter the objective of Formative Assessment.

Central Government is the first level of democratic government in India.

Seasonal difference in temperature:

• The axial tilt of the earth of 23.5 degrees as it moves around the sun causes seasonal changes.
• The sunlight intensity on some parts of the earth significantly varies over the course of the year as the earth changes its orientation in space.
• Seasonal variation in solar input occurs because the Earth is tilted on its axis by 23.5˚ (Figure 2).
• As Earth orbits the sun, its orientation to the sun changes.
• When in June the northern hemisphere tills toward the sun it gets maximum heat while the southern hemisphere gets little heat.
• It is the summer in the Northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere.
• 6 months later in December, the situation is reversed and the earth Travels half around the Sun, and in the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
• On June 21 the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Cancer and it is mid-summer in the Northern hemisphere.
• Midsummer in the southern hemisphere occurs on 23rd December when the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn.

The rotation of the earth is the main cause of the day-night phenomena.  The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination. 
Hence, axial tilt is the main reason for seasonal differences in temperature.

An approach gives rise to methods, which are the ways of teaching that use exercises or other teaching strategies to aid students in learning.

• The chronological approach is exactly what its name implies: the study of history from one point in time to another point in time. 
• This means that one history class might cover 200 years of American or world history, while another might cover thousands of years from the Stone Age to the Medieval Period.
• It is excellent for categorizing historical information.

Thus, we can say that The approach that is very useful in organizing the content in history is the Chronological approach.

According to Article 15, everyone has a Right to Nationality. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

To sensitise students about the gender issues and role of socialisation in gender discrimination, schools should encourage team teaching and include male as well as female teachers.

The geologic time scale is the “calendar” for events in Earth history. It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called in descending order of duration eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. 

The physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions

• The Himalayan Mountains
• The Northern Plains
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Indian Desert
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

Social Sciences include a body of knowledge, that deals with social and cultural aspects of human life. Social Sciences have emerged as distinct disciplines in order to be taught at different levels of the education system (starting from school level to higher education level) across the globe because of their immense importance for achieving better social cohesion, solidarity, and development.

• There are different approaches of teaching social sciences. While some approaches of teaching are subject-oriented and teacher-centered, others are learner-centric in nature.
• Social science teaching needs to be revitalized for helping the learner acquire knowledge and skills in an interactive environment. The teaching of social sciences must adopt methods that promote creativity, aesthetics, and critical perspectives and enable children to draw relationships between past and present to understood changes taking place in society.
• Inductive and deductive approaches are scientific approaches to the acquisition of knowledge. Inductive and deductive approaches are two opposing but complementary approaches to teaching-learning.

It involves production from the natural resources of the Earth.
The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining.

If a child is provided an opportunity to explore by his own and provided an optimum learning environment, then the learning becomes joyful and long-lasting.

There are four major domains of the Earth as follows- lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and the biosphere.

Orographic/relief rainfall: It occurs when large mass of air is forced to rise across landform barriers, such as high mountain ranges, plateau, escarpment or over high hills.
Frontal rainfall or cyclonic rainfall is a type of condensation that occurs when a cold front meets a warm front. Warm air is less dense than cold air. When the two air masses meet, warm air is forced over the cold air. When the air becomes fully saturated, rain begins to fall.