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The assembler translates a code written in assembly language mnemonics and convert it into binary code.

An interpreter is a program which executes the programming code directly instead of just translating it into another format.

A compiler is a translator which converts high-level language into the low-level language.

A linker is a program that combines object modules to form an executable program.

A class is a template or blueprint from which objects are created. So, an object is the instance of a class.

Object contains its own copy of each instance variable defined by the class.

To access these variables use the dot (.) operator.

The dot operator links the name of the object with the name of an instance variable.

To create a conversion between two incompatible types, a cast must be used. A cast is simply an explicit type conversion. It has this general form:

(target-type) value

Here, target-type specifies the desired type to convert the specified value to.

An intranet is a private network accessible only to an organization's staff. Often, a wide range of information and services are available on an organization's internal intranet that are unavailable to the public, unlike the Internet.

It may consist of many interlinked local area networks and also use leased lines in the wide area network.

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in a database.

Syntax:

CREATE TABLE table_name (

                column 1 datatype,

                column 2 datatype,

                column 3 datatype, ....);

Network Control Protocol is used to help identify the Network layer protocol used in the packet.

The Network Control Protocol (NCP) is a mechanism used to establish and configure different Network Layer protocols for Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) connections. 

PPP NCP negotiation operates in either of the following modes:

• Active PPP NCP negotiation mode - The router sends an NCP Configuration Request message without waiting for the PPP client to do so
• Passive PPP NCP negotiation mode - The router waits for the PPP client to send an NCP Configuration Request message before sending its own Configuration Request message
• Dynamic subscriber interface connections and static subscriber interface connections use passive PPP NCP negotiation by default

Greenhouse effect

• It occurs due to the increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
• It absorbs the solar rays and energy of the sun due to which the temperature on the earth increases and natures balance gets disturbed
• Our vehicles and industries are continuously increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Global Warming

• Increase in average temperature of the earth surface due to the greenhouse effect is called global warming
• It also refers to the increase in average temperature of the air and sea at earth's surface

Green House Gases (GHG):

The major greenhouse gases are

• Water vapour - causes about 36% - 70% of the greenhouse effect
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) which causes 9 - 26%
• Methane (CH₄) causes 4 - 9% and ozone (O₃)

So Ethane is not a greenhouse gas

A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. The major web browsers are Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer/Microsoft Edge,Opera, and Safari

Both Merge Sort and quicksort is based on divide and conquer method.

Merge Sort is a Divide and Conquer algorithm. It divides input array into two halves, calls itself for the two halves and then merges the two sorted halves.

QuickSort is a Divide and Conquer algorithm. It picks an element as pivot and partitions the given array.

• The chemical formula of Hematite is Fe₂O₃, called as ferric oxide. It is a reddish black mineral and an ore of Iron.
• FeO(OH).nH₂O is also an ore of Iron and is the chemical formula of Limonite.
• FeS₂ is the chemical formula of Pyrite.

• Nitrogen is the most electronegative among Arsenic, Nitrogen and Phosphorus.
• As per the periodic table, Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and hence its electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p3.
• Amongst all the others nitrogen has the highest tendency to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a suggested standard for communication that was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The OSI reference model describes how data is sent and received over a network. This model breaks down data transmission over a series of seven layers. These 7 Layers of OSI are:

Layer 7: The application layer.

Layer 6: The presentation layer.

Layer 5: The session layer.

Layer 4: The transport layer.

Layer 3: The network layer.

Layer 2: The data-link layer.

Layer 1: The physical layer.

Thus, The second highest layer is the Presentation layer.

An assembly language is a machine dependent language. An assembler is a program that takes basic computer instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor can use to perform its basic operations.

• Annealing is one of the major processes in the manufacture of glass.
• It is a controlled slow cooling process of heat treatment of glass.
• It helps in strengthening the glass and relieving the stress.

To enter the Slide Show mode, press F5.

To perform the next animation or advance to the next slide press N or Enter Page Down or Right arrow key or Down arrow key or Spacebar

When each row of the first table is combined with each row from the second table, known as Cartesian join or cross join. In general, we can say that SQL CROSS JOIN returns the Cartesian product of the sets of rows from the joined table.

Excess - 3 - code is also known as self-complementing code which means 1's complement of an excess - 3 number is the excess - 3 code for the 9's complement of the corresponding decimal number.

e.g. 1  in binary is 0001

excess 3 code is 0001 + 0011 = 0100

1's complement of the above code is 1011 which is 11 

11 is excess 3 code for 8

and 9's complement of 1 is 8

• A number of these pairs are bundled together into a cable by wrapping them in a tough protective sheath
• Over longer distances, cables may contain hundreds of pairs
• The twisting tends to decrease the crosstalk interference between adjacent pairs in a cable
• Neighbouring pairs in a bundle typically have somewhat different twist lengths to reduce the crosstalk interference

• Gujarati poet Sitanshu Yashashchandra was awarded 'Saraswati Samman 2017' on 22 January 2019.
• He was awarded for his poetry collection in Gujarati named 'Vakhar'.
• The award was instituted by K.K.Birla foundation.
• The award is given every year to an outstanding work of an Indian citizen published during the last 10 years in any of the languages mentioned in Schedule 8 of the constitution.

Bubble sort algorithm requires a pair of nested loops. The outer loop must iterate once for each element for the given elements i.e. n times while the inner loop iterates n times for first iteration, n - 1 time for second iteration, n - 2 times for the third iteration and this process continues.

Total number of comparison = (n - 1) + (n - 2) + (n - 3) + … = n(n - 1)/2

= 5(4)/2

= 20/2

= 10

The digital data communication, the path from source to destination is shown,

The ADC is used at the source/Transmitter

DAC is used at the Destination/Receiver

Relational Algebra is a procedural query language, which takes Relation as input and generates relation as output.

All given operations are allowed in relational algebra.

Set intersection:

Suppose there are two tuples R and S. The set intersection operation contains all tuples that are in both R & S.

Set difference:

Suppose there are two tuples R and S. The set intersection operation contains all tuples that are in R but not in S.

In computing, the Trash (also known as the Recycle Bin in Windows) is the temporary storage for files that have been deleted in a file manager by the user, but not yet permanently erased from the file system.

Typically, a recycle bin is presented as a special file directory to the user, allowing the user to browse deleted files, undelete those that were deleted by mistake, or delete them permanently (either one by one, or by the "Empty Trash" function).

• The quantum number defines an electron completely in an atom. 
• There are four types of quantum number - Principal Quantum Number, Azimuthal Quantum Number, Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number. 
• Principal Quantum Number describes the size, shape and energy of the shell to which an electron belongs whereas Azimuthal Quantum Number determines the shape of the electron cloud and the number of sub-shells in a shell. 
• Magnetic Quantum Number determines the orientation of sub-shells whereas the spin quantum number represents the direction of the electron spin. 

Effects of ozone depletion

• It produces a greenhouse effect and also changes the climate
• It results in low production of crops
• It causes damage to the organs of living things
• Ultraviolet rays harm the plants
• It causes to spread the skin cancer disease
• It raises the possibilities of acid rains in urban areas
• It increases the temperature of the environment
• It affects the mental health of man
• It increases the temperature of the atmosphere which has a bad effect on the vegetation
• The UV rays reaching the earth are harmful to the pregnant women and the infant children also

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original novel written in the English language and published in the UK.

A variable is a container which holds the value while the java program is executed.

Within a block, variables can be declared at any point, but are valid only after they are declared.

Variables are created when their scope is entered and destroyed when their scope is left. This means that a variable will not hold its value once it has gone out of scope. Therefore, variables declared within a method will not hold their values between calls to that method. Also, a variable declared within a block will lose its value when the block is left.

The loader performs 4 functions -

Loading - The loader actually loads the machine code corresponding to the object modules into the allocated memory space.

Allocation - Loader determined & allocates the required memory space for the program to execute properly.

Linking - Loader analyses & resolve the symbolic references made in the object modules.

Relocation - The loader maps & relocates the address references to correspond to the newly allocated memory space during execution.

Whatever user cut or copy data using ‘cut’ or ‘copy’ command the data is saved to the Clipboard. The Clipboard is a virtual holding area, and the Clipboard history keeps track of the data user work with.

In MS –Word use the key combinations Ctrl + x to cut and use Ctrl + v to paste. One can paste the selected text multiple times using the same key combination i.e. Ctrl + v.

for loop Syntax:

for(expression1; expression2; expression3)

Most commonly expression1 and expression3 are assignments or function calls and expression2 is a relational expression.

Any of the three parts can be omitted, although the semicolons must remain. If expression1 or expression3 is omitted, it is simply dropped from the expansion. If expression2 is not present, it is taken as permanently true, so for(; ;){} is an infinite loop.