TS SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 1 (Political Science) - TS TET MCQ

James Manor - Emeritus Professor of Commonwealth Studies. 

Both Assertion- Federalism is not dead in India and Reason- New regions are constantly demanding statehood are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

It consists, for Plato, in Ideas. Plato explains the extra-mental reality of Ideas in another way: Our soul is immortal; it carries its knowledge of Ideas from birth to birth. Ideas of perfect straight line or perfect beauty were in the mind from our previous lives. 

The correct answer is Option C.

• While imprisoned at Andaman V.D.Savarkar wrote Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu? (1923), coining the term Hindutva (“Hinduness”), which sought to define Indian culture as a manifestation of Hindu values; this concept grew to become a major tenet of Hindu nationalist ideology.
• Hindutva (“Hindu-ness”), an ideology that sought to define Indian culture in terms of Hindu values, and it was highly critical of the secular policies and practices of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party).
• VD Savarkar wrote that Hindutva is more expansive than the religious aspects of Hinduism, encompassing the cultural, linguistic, political, and social aspect of the Hindu people — which he thought of as those people living within the historical boundaries of India, not strictly those who we’d describe as Hindus today.
• The BJP has advocated in favour of Hindutva and has adopted it as its political philosophy. hence the correct answer is option 3.

Muhammad Iqbal was a poet and philosopher who was known for his influential efforts to direct his fellow Muslims to the establishment of Pakistan.

• He was born November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 
• Iqbal was a fervent advocate for the political and spiritual resurrection of Islamic civilisation.
• Iqbal was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1927 and served in the All India Muslim League in several capacities.
• Works of Mohammad Iqbal are: 
  • The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (1908)
  • The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam(1930)
  • Tarana-e-Hind (1905)
  • The Bang-e-Dara (1924)

​​Thus, Tarana-e-Hind, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in ISLAM and The Bang-e-Dara are writings that were associated with Muhammad Iqbal. 

The members of the cabinet hold office during the pleasure of the President is correct about Presidential form of Government.

Gender a social construct was first coined by John Money. It impacts attitudes, roles, responsibilities and behaviour patterns of boys and girls, men and women in all societies. Gender relations vary from society to society. It is a women’s and people’s issues shaped by power relations in multicultural societies like India. The following are the key points related to it:

• Gender Conformity is when one's gender identity, gender expression, and sex are matched according to the social norm.
• When someone confirms one’s behaviour and appearance for the social expectations and acceptance of one’s group, it is also an example of gender conformity and gender roles placed on us.
• Children acquire gender roles through media, socialization and culture.
• Attitudes and expectations regarding gender roles are based on stereotypes, inherent gender differences, discriminatory policies followed through generations.

Hence, we conclude that The term gender role was first coined by John Money in 1955.

Freedom of press is implied from the Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution. Thus the press is subject to the restrictions that are provided under the Article 19(2) of the Constitution. Before Independence, there was no constitutional or statutory provision to protect the freedom of press.

Bureaucracies have four key characteristics that make their resemblance to beehives all the more apparent.

• A clear hierarchy - Bureaucracies have a firm chain of command. Every worker has his or her own place in the chain, and everyone's work is overseen by someone on the next level up. Power flows down from the top of the hierarchy and diminishes as it approaches the bottom. Just think of the beehive. The queen bee stands at the top, and each worker bee or drone has its own place in the hive's chain of command.
• Specialization - Everyone in a bureaucracy has a specific job to do and often becomes an expert at it. Bees have specific jobs, too, collecting pollen, making honey, or populating the hive.
• A division of labor - In a bureaucracy, nearly every task is broken down into its component parts, and different people work on different parts of the task. Together they get the job done, just like bees in a hive who divide their labor for maximum efficiency.
• A set of formal rules - These so-called standard operating procedures are the clear, written instructions for each specialized job at every level of the hierarchy. Workers who follow them can be sure that they are on the same page as their colleagues and are doing their jobs properly. According to beekeepers, bees, too, have a sophisticated system of communication that keeps their hives running smoothly.

Freedom of the press is important because it plays a vital role in informing citizens about public affairs and monitoring the actions of government at all levels.

It is necessary to help the central government in discharging its obligations regarding local government
State and local governments exercise important functions in the United States. They plan and pay for most roads, run public schools, provide water, organize police and fire services, establish zoning regulations, license professions, and arrange elections for their citizens.

Under the cabinet government, the state is administered under the nominal executive head.
The Governor is the Chief Executive in a State. All the executive powers of the State Government are vested upon him and decisions are taken in his name. He appoints the Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers. He may dismiss the members of the Council of Ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister.

Thomas Hobbes constructed his Political Philosophy on the basis of his postulates derived from Principles of Natural Science.

• His political philosophy is chiefly concerned with the way in which government must be organized in order to avoid civil war.
• According to Hobbes the two most certain postulates of human nature is 'postulate of natural appetite' and 'the postulate of natural reason'.
• He calls the natural condition of mankind, a state of violence, insecurity and constant threat.
• He recommended peaceful life under an authoritarian-sounding sovereign.

The one obligation placed upon individuals by rights is to defend and promote actions that benefit everyone.

Rajni Kotliari argues that the party system in India evolved from an identifiable political centre, which was primarily comprised of educated, urban, upper-caste individuals belonging to the middle and upper classes. This socio-economic background was influential in shaping the early political landscape in India during the nationalist movement.

The correct answer is Chipko Movement.

The correct answer is Multi-party system.

Rights are crystallization of customs and traditions and as such they could be treated as repository of accumulated wisdom. The theory of historical rights does not exclude changes and supports incremental and evolutionary changes that come with the changing requirements of individuals and communities.

He was the author or editor of 32 scholarly books and numerous peer-reviewed articles. His most recent research involved three projects: child labor and education policy in India and other developing countries; comparing immigration, refugees and citizenship policies in Japan, Germany, South Africa and the USA; and analyzing the causes and effects of migration and refugee flows.

Dr. Weiner's 1991 book The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective (Princeton University Press, 4th ed., ISBN 978-0-691-07868-7) had a major impact in Indian debates on how to end child labor, and was perhaps his magnum opus. "It was his crowning achievement. It made all of us think about the question of illiteracy," according to Jagdish Bhagwati, a Columbia University economist and colleague since the mid-1950s.Dr. Bhagwati said the book prompted economists to recommend more investments in education for the poor, and policies to help poor people recognize education as a valuable investment.

Adequate measures must be taken by the Government to ensure the stoppage of the practice of corruption.
Corruption leads to decline of democratic process.

One of his goals in writing The Prince was to win the favor of Lorenzo de' Medici, then-governor of Florence and the person to whom the book is dedicated; Machiavelli hoped to land an advisory position within the Florentine government.

The State is concrete while the Government is abstract.
Abstract and concrete are classifications that denote whether the object that a term describes has physical referents. Abstract objects have no physical referents, whereas concrete objects do.

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Marxism uses a methodology, now known as historical materialism, to analyze and critique the development of class society and especially of capitalism as well as the role of class struggles in systemic economic, social, and political change. According to Marxist theory, in capitalist societies, class conflict arises due to contradictions between the material interests of the oppressed and exploited proletariat—a class of wage labourers employed to produce goods and services—and the bourgeoisie—the ruling class that owns the means of production and extracts its wealth through appropriation of the surplus product produced by the proletariat in the form of profit.

The correct answer is Public Accounts Committee.

Public Accounts Committee

• Public Accounts Committee was introduced in 1921 after its first mention in the Government of India Act, 1919.
• The chairman of the Public Accounts Committee is appointed by the Lok Sabha speaker.
• It consists of 22 members(15 from Lok Sabha and 7 from Rajya Sabha).
• ​It scrutinizes the appropriation and finance accounts of the Government of India and reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

Those three reports submitted by CAG are:

• Audit report on appropriation accounts
• Audit report on finance accounts
• Audit report on public undertakings

The correct Answer is Disarmament 

• The idealist school of thought in international relations proposed to replace the "balance of power" concept with principles like disarmament and the promotion of peace through diplomacy. 
• Idealists emphasize the importance of international cooperation, the rule of law, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

The correct answer is Integrative approach: Parties work together to develop mutually beneficial solutions, maximizing joint gains.

• Public administration, as an aspect of a more extensive governmental system, is characterized by its emphasis on serving the public interest and managing public resources. This often requires the negotiation and reconciliation of diverse and sometimes conflicting interests.
• The collaborative model, a well-regarded practice in public administration, aligns well with the integrative approach to conflict management.
• This approach, following the concepts of thinkers like Mary Parker Follet, encourages parties involved in a conflict to cooperate and find creative solutions that satisfy everyone's interests, thereby maximizing joint gains.
• Unlike competitive or distributive models, the integrative approach doesn't look at conflict resolution as a zero-sum game, aiming instead for a win-win outcome.
• Moreover, this model fosters a cooperative environment that stimulates open communication, mutual respect, and collective decision-making.
• This approach serves the dual purpose of not just resolving conflicts but developing stronger partnerships, building trust, and promoting better understanding of different perspectives, essential facets in public administration.
• The integrative approach also enables the innovative generation of solutions and ideas that may not have surfaced in a competitive or avoidant atmosphere. Thus, it reinforces democratic values, respectful dialogue, and acknowledges the importance of diverse interest groups, vital in the realm of public administration.

Antonio Gramsci a renowned Italian philosopher was also a founding member of the Italian Communist Party. During his prison life he wrote on several topics which were published later as ‘Prison Notebooks’. His notion of hegemony is considered to be the most significant and original contribution. Gramsci talks about two categories of intellectuals- traditional intellectuals and organic intellectuals.
For Gramsci, philosophy of praxis is an interaction of theory and practice. In ‘Prison Notebooks’, he wrote that his philosophy of praxis is a reformed and developed form of Hegelianism. He treated Marxism as the philosophy of praxis.
Thus, option D is correct.

Febian Society was established in the year 4 January 1884.

• The concept of separation of powers was given by Montesquieu.
• Montesquieu described the separation of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary.
• He wrote that the government is morally obligated to serve people, namely by protecting their natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

The correct answer is Simon Denyer.

• The book, "Rogue Elephant: Harnessing the power of India's Unruly Democracy"  authored by Simon Denyer.