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Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - ACT MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test Science for ACT - Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions

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Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 1
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A physicist performs a series of experiments to determine the relative magnitude of electric charge on four particles. A given particle is considered to have a higher magnitude of charge than another if it will push out (or draw in) a positive test charge farther than the other particle. 

A particle that pushes the test charge has positive charge, while a particle that pulls (or draws in) the test charge has negative charge. This is known as the sign of the charge. Magnitude of charge is unrelated to sign.

The experiment is conducted on a horizontal axis that measures from 20m in total: from –10m on the left to +10m on the right, with a measurement of 0m in the middle.

Experiment 1

Particle A is placed at position –5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has a specific magnitude of charge and is located at +3m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Experiment 2

Particle B is placed at position –8m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at 0m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to –7.5m.

Experiment 3

Particle C is placed at position 0m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +8m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +10m.

Experiment 4

Particle D is placed at position –5.5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +2.5m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Q. Which of the particles is negatively charged?

Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 1

All of the particles are initially placed to the left of the test charge. Particle B is the only one that "draws in" the test charge to the left, from 0m to –7.5m (we are told initially that the axis runs from –10m on the left to 10m on the right, with 0m in the middle).

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 2
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A physicist performs a series of experiments to determine the relative magnitude of electric charge on four particles. A given particle is considered to have a higher magnitude of charge than another if it will push out (or draw in) a positive test charge farther than the other particle. 

A particle that pushes the test charge has positive charge, while a particle that pulls (or draws in) the test charge has negative charge. This is known as the sign of the charge. Magnitude of charge is unrelated to sign.

The experiment is conducted on a horizontal axis that measures from 20m in total: from –10m on the left to +10m on the right, with a measurement of 0m in the middle.

Experiment 1

Particle A is placed at position –5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has a specific magnitude of charge and is located at +3m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Experiment 2

Particle B is placed at position –8m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at 0m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to –7.5m.

Experiment 3

Particle C is placed at position 0m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +8m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +10m.

Experiment 4

Particle D is placed at position –5.5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +2.5m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Q. The results of experiments 3 and 4 show that __________.

Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 2

We know that particles D and C have the same sign, as they pushed the test charge in the same direction.

We know that D has the higher magnitude because it displaced the test charge from +2.5m to +7.5m, a difference of 5m, while C displaced the test charge from +8m to +10m, a difference of 2m.

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Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 3
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A physicist performs a series of experiments to determine the relative magnitude of electric charge on four particles. A given particle is considered to have a higher magnitude of charge than another if it will push out (or draw in) a positive test charge farther than the other particle. 

A particle that pushes the test charge has positive charge, while a particle that pulls (or draws in) the test charge has negative charge. This is known as the sign of the charge. Magnitude of charge is unrelated to sign.

The experiment is conducted on a horizontal axis that measures from 20m in total: from –10m on the left to +10m on the right, with a measurement of 0m in the middle.

Experiment 1

Particle A is placed at position –5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has a specific magnitude of charge and is located at +3m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Experiment 2

Particle B is placed at position –8m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at 0m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to –7.5m.

Experiment 3

Particle C is placed at position 0m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +8m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +10m.

Experiment 4

Particle D is placed at position –5.5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +2.5m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Q. The results of Experiment 1 and 2 show that __________.

Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 3

Particle A has a lower magnitude of charge than particle B because it displaced the test charge by a smaller amount.

In experiment 1, the test charge moved from +3m to +7.5m, a difference of 4.5m.

In experiment 2, the test charge moved from 0m to –7.5m, a difference of 7.5m.

The experiments give no insight into charge density.

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 4
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A physicist performs a series of experiments to determine the relative magnitude of electric charge on four particles. A given particle is considered to have a higher magnitude of charge than another if it will push out (or draw in) a positive test charge farther than the other particle. 

A particle that pushes the test charge has positive charge, while a particle that pulls (or draws in) the test charge has negative charge. This is known as the sign of the charge. Magnitude of charge is unrelated to sign.

The experiment is conducted on a horizontal axis that measures from 20m in total: from –10m on the left to +10m on the right, with a measurement of 0m in the middle.

Experiment 1

Particle A is placed at position –5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has a specific magnitude of charge and is located at +3m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Experiment 2

Particle B is placed at position –8m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at 0m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to –7.5m.

Experiment 3

Particle C is placed at position 0m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +8m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +10m.

Experiment 4

Particle D is placed at position –5.5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +2.5m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Q. Which of the following represents the order of charge of the four particles, from highest to lowest?
Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 4

Particle B displaced the test charge from 0m to –7.5m, a distance of 7.5m

Particle D displaced the test charge from +2.5m to +7.5m, a distance of 5m

Particle A displaced the test charge from +3m to +7.5m, a distance of 4.5m

Particle C displaced the test charge from +8m to +10m, a distance of 2m

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 5
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A physicist performs a series of experiments to determine the relative magnitude of electric charge on four particles. A given particle is considered to have a higher magnitude of charge than another if it will push out (or draw in) a positive test charge farther than the other particle. 

A particle that pushes the test charge has positive charge, while a particle that pulls (or draws in) the test charge has negative charge. This is known as the sign of the charge. Magnitude of charge is unrelated to sign.

The experiment is conducted on a horizontal axis that measures from 20m in total: from –10m on the left to +10m on the right, with a measurement of 0m in the middle.

Experiment 1

Particle A is placed at position –5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has a specific magnitude of charge and is located at +3m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Experiment 2

Particle B is placed at position –8m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at 0m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to –7.5m.

Experiment 3

Particle C is placed at position 0m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +8m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +10m.

Experiment 4

Particle D is placed at position –5.5m on the horizontal axis. The test charge has the same magnitude of charge as the previous experiment and is located at +2.5m on that same axis. The result of the experiment is that the test charge is displaced to +7.5m.

Q. If particle C and particle D are placed on the axis at the same time, accoring to the results of the experiment, what is likely to occur?
Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 5

The best answer is that they would push (repel) each other. We know from the effects of a positive particle on a positive test charge that like signs repel and unlike signs draw in (attract) each other.

We know the two particles have the same sign (possitive) because of how they affect the test charge in the experiments.

We cannot speculate about how the combined effect of their relative charges would displace a test charge without knowing their exact locations on the axis.

We know that there must be some reaction.

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 6
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The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon that has led to many important scientific discoveries. Light of a particular wavelength is shined onto a piece of metal, showering the metal with photons. Wavelength is inversely related to a photon's energy. That is, with a smaller wavelength, the photon has greater energy. The wavelength of the light is decreased until a detector next to the metal senses that electrons are being ejected from the metal. This sensor also tells us how many electrons are ejected per second, which we call electrical current. At this point, any additional decrease in wavelength does not affect the number of electrons ejected. This point is called the metal's work function. However, if we then begin to increase the intensity of the light being shone (meaning the amount of light as opposed to the light's wavelength), the number of electrons picked up by the sensor increases. 

Q. Based on the information in the passage, the term "work function" can be most accurately described as which of the following?
Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 6

The correct answer is that it is the point at which the energy of the photons is barely enough to eject electrons. We know this because, as the passage says, decreasing the wavelength (increasing the energy) of the photons does not eject electrons until exactly this point. This implies that this gradual increase in photon energy passed the threshold we are calling the "work function" and led to electrons being ejected.

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 7
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The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon that has led to many important scientific discoveries. Light of a particular wavelength is shined onto a piece of metal, showering the metal with photons. Wavelength is inversely related to a photon's energy. That is, with a smaller wavelength, the photon has greater energy. The wavelength of the light is decreased until a detector next to the metal senses that electrons are being ejected from the metal. This sensor also tells us how many electrons are ejected per second, which we call electrical current. At this point, any additional decrease in wavelength does not affect the number of electrons ejected. This point is called the metal's work function. However, if we then begin to increase the intensity of the light being shone (meaning the amount of light as opposed to the light's wavelength), the number of electrons picked up by the sensor increases. 

Q. According to the information in the passage, what can we infer would happen if the intensity of the light were decreased immediately after reaching the work function?
Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 7

The correct answer is that the current would remain, but it would decrease. At the end of the passage, we are told that intensity of the light affects the current in a direct relationship. That is, more intensity means greater current. Therefore, as we have seen that the presence of a current is related to the wavelength of the light used, we know that the current would remain. Furthermore, as we have decreased the intensity, we know that this current would simply decrease.

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 8
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The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon that has led to many important scientific discoveries. Light of a particular wavelength is shined onto a piece of metal, showering the metal with photons. Wavelength is inversely related to a photon's energy. That is, with a smaller wavelength, the photon has greater energy. The wavelength of the light is decreased until a detector next to the metal senses that electrons are being ejected from the metal. This sensor also tells us how many electrons are ejected per second, which we call electrical current. At this point, any additional decrease in wavelength does not affect the number of electrons ejected. This point is called the metal's work function. However, if we then begin to increase the intensity of the light being shone (meaning the amount of light as opposed to the light's wavelength), the number of electrons picked up by the sensor increases. 

Q. Light intensity can best be described as which of the following?
Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 8

The correct answer is the number of photons. In the passage, we are told that the intensity of a light is related to the amount of light used. As light can be quantified in terms of photons, we know that this means that more intensity implies more photons. Any answer related to energy (including wavelength, force, and color) are incorrect because energy does not directly affect number of photons emitted and the speed of light is always the same.

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 9
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A particle accelerator functions by exerting a magnetic field on charged particles which are shot into the accelerator. The magnetic field causes the charged particles to move around in a circle of radius R that can be predicted by the following equation, where mp is the mass of the particle in kilograms, v is the initial speed at which the particle was shot in meters per second, q is the charge of the particle in Coulombs, and B is the strength of the magnetic field in Tesla. 

 R=mpv/qB

A proton weighs approximately 1 amu (atomic mass units) and has a charge of 1.6∗10−19 C. An electron has the same magnitude of charge, but it has about 1/1800 of the proton's mass. What would happen to radius R if we were to suddenly switch the particle in the accelerator from a proton to an electron, keeping all of the other conditions the same?
Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 9

The correct answer is that radius R would decrease 1800-fold. With a smaller mass, we know by the given equation that the radius would change in proportion with the change in particle mass. Therefore, if the mass decreased 1800-fold, so would radius R.

Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 10
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A particle accelerator functions by exerting a magnetic field on charged particles which are shot into the accelerator. The magnetic field causes the charged particles to move around in a circle of radius R that can be predicted by the following equation, where mp is the mass of the particle in kilograms, v is the initial speed at which the particle was shot in meters per second, q is the charge of the particle in Coulombs, and B is the strength of the magnetic field in Tesla. 

 R=mpv/qB

If a given magnetic field's strength B=x and its radius R=y, what would the radius R be at B=3x?
Detailed Solution for Test: ACT Physics Research Summaries Questions - Question 10

The correct answer is R/3 We know by the equation that B and R are inversely related. As one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, if B is tripled, R must be divided by 3.

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