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Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Grade 11 MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE) - Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins

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Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 1

What is the key difference between condensation polymers and addition polymers?

Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 1
The primary distinction between condensation polymers and addition polymers lies in their formation processes. Condensation polymers are created by linking two distinct monomers together with the elimination of a small molecule, typically water. This removal of water molecules is a characteristic feature of condensation polymerization. On the other hand, addition polymers are formed without the elimination of any byproducts, making the elimination of small molecules a unique aspect of condensation polymers.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 2

How is nylon synthesized in terms of the chemical groups involved in the reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 2
Nylon, a type of polyamide, is synthesized from dicarboxylic acid monomers, which have carboxylic groups (-COOH) at both ends, and diamines, which feature amino groups (-NH2) at each end. The reaction between the -COOH groups of one monomer and the -NH2 groups of another monomer leads to the formation of an amide linkage, with the removal of a water molecule for each bond. This chemical process involving carboxylic and amino groups is crucial in the synthesis of nylon.
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Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 3

What type of linkage is formed during the production of polyesters like PET?

Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 3
Polyesters like PET (polyethylene terephthalate) are formed through condensation polymerization, where each -COOH group in the monomers reacts with an -OH group from another monomer. This reaction results in the formation of an ester linkage, accompanied by the release of a water molecule. Ester linkages play a fundamental role in the structure and properties of polyesters like PET.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 4
How can the structure of polyesters, such as PET, be universally illustrated for representation purposes?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 4
The structure of polyesters like PET can be universally depicted by illustrating the polymer with boxes to symbolize the carbon chains. This method of representation provides a clear visual understanding of the arrangement and linkage of monomers in the polymer. By using boxes to symbolize the carbon chains, the structural characteristics of polyesters can be effectively communicated and understood.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 5
Which gas, released during the incineration of polymers, contributes significantly to global warming?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 5
Carbon dioxide, released when polymers are incinerated, is a greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming. This gas traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to climate change. Managing the incineration and disposal of polymers is crucial to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and mitigate the impact on the environment.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 6
What makes separating different types of polymers for recycling a challenging process?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 6
The complex chemical structures of different types of polymers make separating them for recycling a challenging process. Each type of polymer requires specific methods for effective recycling, and the presence of multiple types in a single waste stream complicates the recycling process. Enhancing technologies for sorting and recycling can help address this challenge and promote more efficient plastic waste management.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 7
What is PET short for, and what is one common application of this polymer?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 7
PET stands for polyethylene terephthalate and is commonly used for producing items like plastic bottles. This polymer is widely chosen for its durability, transparency, and recyclability, making it a popular choice for packaging beverages and other consumer goods.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 8
How does the incomplete combustion of polymers during incineration impact human health?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 8
The incomplete combustion of polymers during incineration can lead to the generation of carbon monoxide, a toxic gas that interferes with oxygen transport in the blood. Exposure to carbon monoxide can result in respiratory issues, dizziness, headaches, and, in severe cases, can be life-threatening. Proper ventilation and control measures are essential during the incineration of polymers to minimize the health risks associated with the release of toxic gases.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 9
What environmental issue is exacerbated by the slow degradation of non-biodegradable plastics like nylon and PET?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 9
The slow degradation of non-biodegradable plastics such as nylon and PET worsens the environmental issue of harming marine ecosystems. These plastics, when they enter oceans and seas, pose a significant threat to marine life. Marine animals can ingest plastic waste, leading to entanglement and ingestion issues, disrupting ecosystems. It's crucial to address the disposal and recycling of such plastics to mitigate this harm.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 10
What is a significant challenge faced in the recycling of polymers like PET?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 10
One of the major challenges in recycling polymers like PET is the harsh conditions required to break them down, such as high temperatures and pressures. These conditions are necessary for depolymerization but can potentially damage the monomers, making them unsuitable for re-polymerization. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for efficient polymer recycling processes.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 11
How can PET be converted back into its original monomers for recycling?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 11
PET can be converted back into its original monomers for recycling through enzymatic processes or chemical methods. Microbial enzymes or solvents, catalysts, and gentle heating can effectively break down PET into its initial monomers, allowing for the recycling and reprocessing of this valuable polymer.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 12
What benefits does the reprocessing of reclaimed PET into fresh PET offer?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 12
Reprocessing the reclaimed monomers of PET into fresh PET through polymerization offers the benefit of reducing energy consumption in manufacturing processes. By conserving resources and energy through this recycling method, the carbon footprint associated with producing PET-based items is diminished, promoting sustainability and environmental responsibility.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 13
How many prevalent amino acids are typically found in proteins?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 13
There are twenty prevalent amino acids that are commonly found in proteins. Each of these amino acids is distinguished by its unique side chain, denoted as 'R'. The specific sequence and combination of these amino acids in a protein's structure influence its function and properties, highlighting the significance of these building blocks in biological processes.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 14
What role do amino acids play in the construction of protein structures?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 14
Amino acids function as the monomers that undergo polymerization to construct the intricate structures of proteins. Through a process known as protein synthesis, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form long chains that fold into unique shapes. This structural diversity enables proteins to carry out diverse functions essential for the functioning of cells, tissues, and organs.
Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 15
How do the structures of proteins typically vary in terms of the number of amino acids they contain?
Detailed Solution for Test: Addition and Condensation Polymers & Nylon and PET & Proteins - Question 15
Proteins exhibit structural diversity by encompassing varying sequences of amino acids, with the number typically ranging from 60 to 600 in a single protein molecule. This variability in length and composition allows proteins to fulfill specialized functions based on their unique amino acid sequences, highlighting the complexity and versatility of these essential biomolecules.
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