Body Fluids & Circulation - 2 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions,

Let's analyze the statements about blood plasma proteins:

Statement i: "Decrease in their level causes excessive absorption of water from tissues into blood."

• This statement is incorrect. A decrease in the level of blood plasma proteins would actually result in a decrease in osmotic pressure, leading to less water being drawn from tissues into the blood. Instead, it would cause water to accumulate in the tissues, leading to edema.

Statement ii: "They maintain osmotic pressure."

• This statement is correct. Blood plasma proteins, especially albumin, play a crucial role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Therefore, the correct option is:

      3. Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

The mass of tissue seen in the lower left corner of the right atrium close to the atrio-ventricular septum called the atrio-ventricular node (AVN).

Antherosclerosis leads to high blood pressure, haemorrhage causes hypotension, heparin is used as anticoagulant and polycythemia causes abnormal increase in RBC count.

AB blood group does not have any antibodies in plasma. That's why AB blood group is a universal recipient.

Fats are absorbed through lymph in the lacteals present in the intestinal villi.

Blood pressure is represented as the ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure. The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called pulse pressure. The value of normal healthy pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg.

Option C is correct: Myocardial ischemia.

Myocardial ischemia is a condition in which the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen because coronary blood flow is reduced; this leads to reversible impairment of myocardial function if blood flow is restored.

The most common underlying mechanism is narrowing of a coronary artery by atherosclerosis, producing an oxygen supply-demand mismatch for the myocardium.

Myocardial infarction differs from ischemia in that infarction denotes irreversible necrosis of cardiac tissue caused by prolonged or complete loss of blood supply.

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome of the heart's inability to pump adequately and may be a consequence of repeated or severe ischemia or infarction, but it is not the immediate diagnosis for reduced coronary blood flow. Hypertension is elevated arterial pressure and is a risk factor for coronary disease rather than the acute condition described.

Therefore, the best diagnosis for limited oxygen delivery to heart tissue due to reduced coronary blood flow is Myocardial ischemia.

In human blood, there are two main types of leucocytes: granulocytes and agranulocytes. Among granulocytes, neutrophils are the most abundant, making up about 60-65% of total white blood cells (leucocytes). Neutrophils are the body's first line of defense against infection because they perform phagocytosis—engulfing and destroying bacteria and dead cells. When there is an acute bacterial infection such as appendicitis, the body increases the production of neutrophils to fight off the pathogens, resulting in an elevated number of neutrophils in the blood. Therefore, both statements are correct.

The first heart sound (lub) is associated with the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves whereas the second heart sound (dub) is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves.

In case of allergic asthma, leucocyte count of blood test shows abnormal increase in the number of Eosinophils

Solution:

To find the number of cardiac cycles in 4 minutes, follow these steps:

• Convert minutes to seconds: 4 minutes = 240 seconds.
• Determine the duration of one cardiac cycle: 0.8 seconds.
• Calculate the number of cycles: 240 seconds ÷ 0.8 seconds = 300 cycles.

Thus, there are 300 cardiac cycles in 4 minutes.

Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum. The clotting factors include fibrinogen and blood corpuscles

• The SAN or the sinoatrial node is located in the upper right corner of the right atrium.
• It has the ability to generate 70-75 action potentials per minute.
• It is hence known as the pacemaker of the heart.

• The AVN or the atrio-ventricular node is located in the lower left corner of the right atrium.
• It is situated close to the atrio-ventricular septum which separates the atria and the ventricles.

Since Ramesh has both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies and the Rh antigen, he has the O positive blood group. Therefore, he can receive blood from individuals with O positive or O negative blood groups. This is because O negative blood lacks A and B antigens and is compatible due to the absence of Rh factor, making option b  correct.

RBCs have an average life span of 120 days after which they are destroyed in the spleen (graveyard of RBCs).
It is a clot or coagulam formed mainly of a network of threads called fibrins in which dead and damaged formed elements of blood are trapped.
Fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive fibrinogens in the plasma by the enzyme thrombin.

The T-wave in an ECG represents the repolarisation of the ventricles, marking the return of the ventricles from an excited state to a normal state. This phase marks the end of systole. Therefore, Option C is correct.

Chest pain during angina occurs due to decreased blood flow and reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium. In low-oxygen conditions, heart muscle cells temporarily use anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid, which causes pain. Hence, both statements are correct.