Test: Carbohydrates - JAMB MCQ

Fructose is a reducing sugar because it possesses a free carbonyl group (a ketone group in its structure). It can undergo oxidation reactions, such as the Benedict's test, and reduce other substances while being oxidized itself. Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are non-reducing sugars because they lack a free carbonyl group.

Starch is the primary storage carbohydrate in plants and the main source of energy for humans. It is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units and is found in foods like grains, potatoes, and legumes. Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls, while glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.

The iodine test is used to detect the presence of starch. Iodine reacts with starch to form a blue-black complex. Biuret test is used to detect proteins, Benedict's test is used to detect reducing sugars, and Tollens' test is used to detect aldehydes.

Glucose is a monosaccharide, which means it is a single sugar unit. Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are all disaccharides, composed of two sugar units.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide that serves as a major component of plant cell walls, providing structural support and rigidity. It is not used primarily for energy storage, enzyme activation, or pigment synthesis.

Amylase is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of starch into glucose. It is produced by salivary glands and the pancreas and helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.

Lactose is the carbohydrate found in milk. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. Sucrose is commonly found in table sugar, maltose is a product of starch digestion, and fructose is commonly found in fruits and honey.

Glucose has the chemical formula C6H12O6. It is a hexose sugar, meaning it contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.

Chitin is a polysaccharide composed of repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine. It is found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.

Maltose is an example of an oligosaccharide, which means it is composed of two sugar units. Glucose is a monosaccharide, sucrose is a disaccharide, and cellulose is a polysaccharide.