Test: Class 10 History NCERT Based- 1 - UPSC MCQ

The French Crown's debt was caused by both individual decisions, such as intervention in the War of Independence and the Seven Years' War, and underlying issues such as an inadequate taxation system.

The Seven Years War was a global conflict which ran from 1756 until 1763 and pitted a coalition of Great Britain and its allies against a coalition of France and its allies. The war escalated from a regional conflict between Great Britain and France in North America, known today as the French and Indian War.

On the morning of October 5, 1789, a large group of women in a Paris marketplace began to revolt. They wanted to buy bread for their families. They began to march through Paris demanding bread at a fair price. As they marched, more people joined the group and soon there were thousands of marchers.

The most important of the aims of the Indian National Congress was to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians, and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between them and the British Raj.

The Indian National Congress called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a political party in India with widespread roots.Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.  From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britainand influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.

In 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led the peasant movement in Bardoli, a taluka in Gujarat against enchantment of land revenue. Known as the Bardoli Satyagraha, this movement was a success under the leadership of Vallabbhai Patel. The struggle was widely publicised and generated immense sympathy in many parts of India.

The Great Fear (French: la Grande Peur) was a general panic that took place between 22 of July and 6 of August 1789, at the start of the French Revolution.[1] Rural unrest had been present in France since the worsening grain shortage of the spring, and, fueled by rumors of an aristocrats' "famine plot" to starve or burn out the population, both peasants and townspeople mobilized in many regions.[1]

The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period of instability in French history, during which the monarchy was overthrown. It has its roots in Enlightenment ideology, although taken to a violent extreme, and is often considered the start of the Modern Age by historians.

The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1794. King Louis XVI needed more money, but had failed to raise more taxes when he had called a meeting of the Estates General. This instead turned into a protest about conditions in France. The Revolution became more and more radical and violent.

When Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on 6 April 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians.The Salt Satyagraha campaign was based upon Gandhi's principles of nonviolent protest called satyagraha, which he loosely translated as "truth-force".

The Simon Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament of United Kingdom that came to India in 1928 to study constitutional reform. The people of India were outraged, as the Simon Commission, which was to determine the future of India, did not include a single Indian member in it.

The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919. These are related to constitutional reforms.

The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms or more briefly known as Mont-Ford Reforms were reforms introduced by the colonial government in British India to introduce self-governing institutions gradually in India. The reforms take their name from Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State for India during the latter parts of the First World War and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India between 1916 and 1921. The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919. These are related to constitutional reforms. Indian nationalists considered that the reforms did not go far enough while British conservatives were critical of them.

In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' or full independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930, would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.

The Swaraj Party was established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj.

It was founded by Motilal Nehru and CR Das.

Babasaheb Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was a scholar, a social reformer and a leader who dedicated his life to eradicating social inequality in India. He established an India of equals, a country which provided greater opportunities for people who were historically disadvantaged.

Dr BR Ambedkar founded the following parties -
- All India Scheduled Castes Federation.
- Independent Labour Party.

The most effective contribution made by Dadabhai Naoroji to the cause of India National Movement was that he exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British in his writings.His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. In it he explained his wealth drain theory

The first Factory Act restricting the working hours of women and children, and authorising local governments to make necessary rules was adopted during the time of Lord Ripon. Lord Ripon was the man who worked for the betterment of native Indians and wanted to expand and improve the condition of education in the country.

While in India, he introduced a legislature that would have granted native Indian more legal rights, including the rights of judges to judge Europeans in court.

In this effort, Ripon was supported by Florance Nightingale, who also supported him on his effort to get Bengal land tenancy bill which would improve the situation of the peasants.

Alfonso de Albuquerque was the second governor of Portguese India. Afonso managed to conquer Goa and was the first European of the Renaissance to raid the Persian Gulf, and he led the first voyage by a European fleet into the Red Sea.His military and administrative works are generally regarded as among the most vital to building and securing the Portuguese Empire in the Orient, the Middle East, and the spice routes of eastern Oceania.

Zamorin was the Hindu ruler of Calicut when Vasco-da-Gama’s arrived at Calicut in 1498.The Zamorin of Calicut was the hereditary monarch of the kingdom of Kozhikode (Calicut) on the Malabar Coast of India. Kozhikode was one of the important trading ports on the south-western coast of India. At the peak of their reign, the Samoothiri ruled over a region from Kollam (Quilon) to Panthalayani Kollam (Koyilandy).[3][4]

Rabindranath Tagore sang Vande Mataram in 1896 at the Calcutta Congress Session held at Beadon Square. Dakhina Charan Sen sang it five years later in 1901 at another session of the Congress at Calcutta. Poet Sarala Devi Chaudurani sang the song in the Benares Congress Session in 1905.

The Bhoodan Movement or Land Gift Movement was a voluntary land reform movement in India. It was initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951 at Pochampally village, which is now in Telangana, and known as Bhoodan Pochampally. It is also called the land gift movement.

The Bhoodan Movement attempted to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily give a percentage of their land to landless people. Philosophically, Bhave was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's Sarvodaya movement. This was one more example of women power and unity. Women volunteers carried the message of Bhoodan to all parts of India. Women played a significant role in the Telangana Peasants Armed Struggle (TPAS) which challenged the Nizams and the feudal system. As their region became free from bonded labour, women also found freedom from this torment.

(Usha Mehta (March 25, 1920 – August 11, 2000) was a renowned Gandhian and freedom fighter of India. She is also remembered for operationalizing the Congress Radio, also called the Secret Congress Radio, an underground radio station, which functioned for a few months during the Quit India Movement of 1942.

The funds constituted under Home charges included -
Funds used to support the India Office in London.
Funds used to pay salaries and pensions of British personnel engaged in India.
Funds used for waging wars outside India by the British.

Production of assignats started in December 1789. An Extraordinary Chest (Caisse de l'extraordinaire) was established and given the responsibility of issuing this paper money and collecting the proceeds from selling property confiscated from the church. An initial print run of assignats was worth 400 million livres.