Test: Functions - 2 - EmSAT Achieve MCQ

Functions in Python are defined using the def keyword followed by a block of code. They are used to group related code and perform specific tasks. Functions can accept input parameters, perform operations, and return a value using the return statement.

The return statement is used to specify the value that a function should return. It also terminates the execution of the function, meaning that any code after the return statement will not be executed.

Local variables in Python are variables that are defined within a function and can only be accessed within that function. They have a limited scope and are not accessible outside of the function.

Recursion in programming refers to a technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem. This can be useful for solving problems that can be broken down into smaller subproblems.

Anonymous functions in Python, also known as lambda functions, are functions that are defined without a name. They are typically used for simple tasks and can be created using the lambda keyword.

The multiply function takes two arguments, a and b, and returns their product. When the function is called with the arguments 4 and 5, it returns 20, which is then printed.

The greet function takes a parameter name and prints a greeting message with the provided name. When the function is called with the argument "Alice", it prints "Hello, Alice!".

The calculate_average function takes a list of numbers as input, calculates the average of the numbers, and returns the result. In this case, the function is called with the list [85, 90, 92, 88, 95], and it returns the average score of 88.5, which is then printed.

The greet function defines a local variable message and prints its value. However, when the print(message) statement is executed outside of the function, it throws a NameError because the variable message is not defined in the global scope.

The power function is defined with two parameters, base and exponent, with a default value of 2 for exponent. In this case, result1 is assigned the value of power(3) which is 9, result2 is assigned the value of power(2, 4) which is 16, and result3 is assigned the value of power(base=5, exponent=3) which is 125. These values are then printed.

The global variable x is updated inside the update_global function using the global keyword. When the function is called, the value of x is changed to 10. Therefore, when print(x) is executed, it prints the updated value, which is 10.

The outer_function defines a local variable x and an inner function inner_function that modifies x by adding y to it. The outer_function returns the inner_function. When outer_function(5) is called, it returns the inner_function, which is assigned to add_5. When add_5(3) is called, it adds 3 to the current value of x (which is 5) and returns 8.

The function_with_args function accepts variable-length arguments using *args. In this case, it is called with the arguments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The len function is used to calculate the length of args, which is 5, and it is returned and printed.

The function_with_kwargs function accepts variable-length keyword arguments using **kwargs. In this case, it is called with the keyword arguments a=1, b=2, and c=3. The kwargs dictionary stores these keyword arguments, and it is returned and printed.

The calculate_total function accepts variable-length arguments using *numbers. In this case, it is called with the arguments 1, 2, 3, and 4. The function iterates over the numbers and calculates the sum, which is 10. The sum is then returned and printed.