Improvement In Food Resources- 1 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions,

Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients. Fertilizers supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are used to ensure good vegetative growth (leaves, branches and flowers), giving rise to healthy plants. Fertilizers are a factor in the higher yields of high-cost farming.

Inland fishery refers to the practice of culturing fish in freshwater bodies. Here is a detailed explanation of what inland fishery entails:
Definition: Inland fishery refers to the cultivation and management of fish species in freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.

• Option A: Apis mellifera is not the Indian bee; it is an Italian bee variety commonly used for commercial honey production. The Indian bee is Apis cerana indica.
• Option B: Catla is correctly matched as a surface feeder. In composite fish culture systems, Catla feeds on the surface of the pond.
• Option C: Rohu is incorrectly matched as a bottom feeder. Rohu feeds in the middle-zone of the pond, not at the bottom.
• Option D: Peneaus monodon is incorrectly matched as a fresh water prawn; it is a marine prawn. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a fresh water prawn.

Therefore, the correctly matched pair is Option B: Catla - Surface feeder.

Statement (i) and (ii) are correct because manure is prepared from the break- down of plant and animal waste products. Hence it is  rich in organic matter. Manure contributes to the fertility of the soil by adding organic - matter and some essential nutrients like N, P and K which helps in enhancing growth of plants.  Manure makes the clayey soil aerated  because of their small - pores and increase the water holding capacity of the sandy soil due to their large pore size.  . In clayey soils, the large quantities of organic matter help in drainage and in avoiding water logging. . In clayey soils, the large quantities of organic matter help in drainage and in avoiding water logging.

The correct answer is Option D: Rabi crops - Mustard, Linseed, Wheat. Rabi crops are typically grown in the winter season from November to April. Mustard, Linseed, and Wheat are examples of Rabi crops.

Let's analyze the other options:

• Option A: Green Revolution - Increased milk production - This is incorrect. The Green Revolution is associated with increased food-grain production, not milk production. The White Revolution is linked to increased milk production.
• Option B: White Revolution - Increased food-grain production - This is incorrect. The White Revolution is associated with increased milk production, while the Green Revolution is linked to increased food-grain production.
• Option C: Kharif crops - Wheat, Gram, Peas - This is incorrect. Kharif crops are typically grown in the rainy season from June to October. Examples of Kharif crops include Paddy, Soyabean, Pigeon Pea, Maize, Cotton, Green Gram, and Black Gram. Wheat, Gram, and Peas are Rabi crops.
• Option D: Rabi crops - Mustard, Linseed, Wheat - This is correct. As mentioned, these crops are grown during the Rabi season in the winter months.

The Assertion (A) states that fertilizers increase crop yields, which is correct.
The Reason (R) explains that fertilizers provide essential nutrients for plant growth, which is also true. Additionally, the Reason correctly explains why the Assertion is true.

Mixed cropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land, providing a form of risk reduction and insurance against the failure of one crop. This method helps optimize nutrient utilization, reduce pest and disease spread, and increase overall yield potential.

Green manure: Prior to the sowing of the crop seeds, some plants like sun hemp or guar are grown and then mulched by ploughing them into the soil. These green plants thus turn into green manure which helps in enriching the soil in nitrogen and phosphorus.

Cattle husbandry serves several important purposes:

• Milk production: Cattle are primarily raised for their milk, which is a vital source of nutrition.
• Agricultural work: Cattle provide draught power for tasks such as tilling and irrigation.
• Meat production: Cattle are also raised for their meat, contributing to food supply.

However, egg production is not a purpose of cattle husbandry, as it pertains to poultry farming.

In summary, the main objectives of cattle husbandry include:

• Milk production
• Agricultural work
• Meat production

• Option A: Dug wells collect water from water bearing strata that is relatively shallow, not from deeper strata. The deeper strata are usually tapped by tube wells.
• Option B: Tube wells are designed to tap water from deeper strata, not just from the relatively shallow water bearing strata.
• Option C: River Lift Systems are designed to directly draw water from rivers for irrigation, especially in areas where canal flow is insufficient or irregular.
• Option D: Tanks are small storage reservoirs that intercept and store runoff from smaller catchment areas, not directly from reservoirs or rivers.

Thus, the correctly matched pair is Option C: River Lift Systems - Water directly drawn from rivers.

Plants can be made disease-resistant by:

• Hybridisation: Hybridization is a process that involves crossing two different varieties or species of plants to create offspring with desirable traits. This can result in disease-resistant plants by combining the disease resistance genes from different parents.
• Genetic modification: Genetic modification, also known as genetic engineering, involves introducing specific genes into a plant's genome to give it desired traits. This can include introducing genes for disease resistance, allowing the plant to fight off pathogens more effectively.
• Both (a) and (b): Plants can be made disease-resistant by both hybridization and genetic modification. By combining the natural genetic diversity of different plants through hybridization and introducing specific disease resistance genes through genetic modification, plants can have enhanced resistance to various diseases.
• Use of antibiotics: The use of antibiotics is not a method for making plants disease-resistant. Antibiotics are typically used to treat bacterial infections in animals and humans, but they are not effective against plant diseases caused by fungi, viruses, or other pathogens.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C: both (a) and (b). Hybridization and genetic modification are two methods that can be used to make plants disease-resistant by combining desirable traits and introducing specific genes for disease resistance. The use of antibiotics is not a viable method for achieving this goal.