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Renewable Energy - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, UPSC


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: Test: Renewable Energy (15 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for UPSC Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests) with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "Test: Renewable Energy". These 15 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of UPSC 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 18 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 15

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Test: Renewable Energy - Question 1

Analyze the following statements regarding Underground Coal Gasification (UCG):

  1. Underground coal gasification is the in-situ process of converting hydrocarbon materials into synthesis gas.
  2. Using UCG technologies, coal seams that are uneconomical to mine can be exploited.
  3. Underground gasification methods can cause contamination of groundwater.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 1

Underground coal gasification in-situ converts hydrocarbon materials into syngas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, CO2 - statement 1 correct. Steam and air/oxygen injected into coal seam ignited at 1000°C+, offering access to economically unviable coal - statement 2 correct. Significant environmental risk: groundwater contamination from pollutants left in coal seam potentially leaching - statement 3 correct.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 2

Consider the statements about Bio-CNG:

  1. Its energy potential is lower than that of biogas.
  2. It is produced by blending biogas with 10% CNG at standard atmospheric pressure.
  3. It is exactly similar in composition but many times cleaner when compared to fossil based CNG.

How many of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

Bio-CNG renewable fuel obtained by purifying biogas (95% pure methane) from organic matter breakdown - statement 2 incorrect. Biogas produced through anaerobic decomposition containing 55-60% methane, 40-45% CO2, H2S traces. Calorific value 52,000 kJ/kg, 167% higher than biogas - statement 1 incorrect. Solid by-products used as bio-manure reducing chemical fertilizer requirement - statement 3 correct.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 3

With regard to the Harit Nauka initiative, evaluate the following statements:

  1. By 2047, the initiative aims for 100% of inland vessels in India to be powered by green fuels.
  2. It was launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways to facilitate the transition of inland waterway vessels to environmentally sustainable fuels such as hydrogen.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Harit Nauka initiative aligned with Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, targeting 100% green-fuel inland vessels by 2047. Launched by Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, targeting green fuels including hydrogen. India's first hydrogen fuel cell-powered inland vessel launched February 2024.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 4

Consider these pairs related to renewable energy leaders by country:

  1. Geothermal : India
  2. Wind : Germany
  3. Tidal : South Korea

Which of the pairs above is/are correctly matched?

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Wind: China 66% global additions, leads production followed USA, Germany; India, UK, Brazil also major producers. Geothermal: United States leads installed capacity, followed Indonesia, Philippines, Türkiye. Tidal: South Korea, France, United Kingdom house largest tidal power stations; Canada, China significant potential. Sihwa Lake (South Korea) largest tidal power station: 254 megawatts electricity generation. Only pair 3 correctly matched.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 5

Consider the following list of appliances:

  1. LED Lamps
  2. Room Air Conditioner
  3. Ceiling fans
  4. Chillers
  5. Colour Television

How many of the above appliances are subject to mandatory star-labelling requirements under the Standards & Labeling Programme?

Detailed Solution: Question 5

Standards and Labelling scheme flagship Ministry of Power initiative providing consumers informed choice regarding energy savings and cost-saving potential. BEE star label marks energy efficiency from 1-5 stars (5 most efficient). Mandatory for: Room Air Conditioners, LED Lamps, TVs, Electric Geysers, Refrigerators, Fans, Washing Machines, Chillers and others.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 6

Consider the following statements about Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts):

  1. ESCerts are issued to plants that have achieved energy savings exceeding their targets under the Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme.
  2. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) serves as the administrator for the Energy Savings Certificates (ESCerts) mechanism.
  3. One Energy Saving Certificate is equivalent to 1000 metric Tonne of Oil Equivalent (MTOE).

How many of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 6

PAT scheme market-based mechanism under NMEEE enhances cost effectiveness through certified excess energy savings in energy-intensive industries. Energy Audit verifies baseline, targets given. ESCerts issued for excess savings, tradable on power exchanges. Units unable meeting targets liable to financial penalty - statement 1 correct. BEE administrator for ESCerts trading - statement 2 correct. One ESCert equals 1 MTOE - statement 3 incorrect.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 7

What feature is shared by the locations named Muppandal, Brahmanvel, and Vaspet?

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Onshore wind turbines installed on land harnessing kinetic energy producing electricity. India hosts major installations: Muppandal Wind Farm Kanyakumari, Jaisalmer Wind Park Rajasthan, Brahmanvel Wind Farm Dhule Maharashtra. Other significant sites: Dhalgaon Sangli, Vankusawade Satara, Vaspet and Tuljapur Osmanabad Maharashtra, Beluguppa Andhra Pradesh, Mamatkheda Madhya Pradesh.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 8

Consider the following statements about Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technologies:

  1. OTEC technologies rely on the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold seawater at depth to generate electricity.
  2. Open Cycle OTEC uses seawater as the working fluid.
  3. Currently, 1000 MW-capacity plants have been built in the Scandinavian region using OTEC technology.

How many of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion uses temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold seawater 800-1000m depth producing electricity. Warm seawater produces vapor driving turbines; cold water condenses vapor - statement 1 correct. Open Cycle uses seawater; Closed Cycle uses ammonia; Kalina Cycle uses water-ammonia mixture reducing turbine/exchanger size - statement 2 correct. Only 1 MW plants built; 10 MW feasible but operating experience lacking - statement 3 incorrect.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 9

Consider the following items:

  1. Production of green ammonia for use as a carbon-free fertilizer in agriculture.
  2. Using green hydrogen to power internal combustion engines in two-wheelers and auto-rickshaws.
  3. Acting as a reducing agent in steel production to replace coal in blast furnaces.

How many of the above are applications of green hydrogen?

Detailed Solution: Question 9

Green hydrogen produced using renewable energy through water electrolysis. Combined with nitrogen forms green ammonia for fertilizers, carbon-free unlike traditional ammonia. Valid applications: small vehicle hydrogen engines/fuel cells, steel industry replacing coke/coal in blast furnaces as green steel.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 10

Evaluate the following statements about the Solar Energy Corporation of India Ltd (SECI):

  1. It functions as a Power Trading Licensee for trading power on a Pan-India basis.
  2. It owns and runs Renewable Energy projects.
  3. It provides Project Management Consultancy in the Renewable Energy sector to Government entities.
  4. It engages in business areas, including green Hydrogen and greening the Transport Sector.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 10

SECI foremost Navratna CPSU dedicated renewable energy growth and development. Category-I Power Trading Licensee trading RE power pan-India basis, intermediary procurer for SECI tender projects - statement 1 correct. Currently owns/operates 122.7 MW renewable energy projects - statement 2 correct. Offers project management consultancy renewable sector including feasibility studies, bid management, construction monitoring - statement 3 correct. Ventures green hydrogen, transport greening, energy storage - statement 4 correct.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 11

Which of the following statements most accurately describes Torrefaction technology?

Detailed Solution: Question 11

Torrefaction thermochemical pretreatment heating biomass 200°C-320°C inert low-oxygen atmosphere producing high-grade solid biofuel (bio-coal). Enhances biomass properties: increasing energy density, improving grindability, reducing moisture, making material hydrophobic. Mild pyrolysis form transforming organic waste into stable combustible fuel replacing coal power generation.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 12

Which of the statements listed above are correct?

  1. It aims to achieve a five-fold growth in the installed capacity for geothermal power generation by 2030.
  2. It was launched at the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26).

Detailed Solution: Question 12

Global Geothermal Alliance (GGA) aims five-fold growth in geothermal power generation and two-fold growth in heating by 2030. Launched at 21st UNFCCC Conference (Paris, December 2015). Statement 2 incorrect: UNFCCC launched it, not COP19. India is member country.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 13

With reference to bio-fuels, consider the following statements:

1. Second Generation biofuels are produced from non-food crops including agricultural residue.

2. Asia's first second-generation ethanol biorefinery has been set up in Haryana.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 13

  • Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as oil. Since biomass can be used as a fuel directly, some people use the words biomass and biofuel interchangeably.
  • The two most common types of biofuels in use today are ethanol and biodiesel, both of which represent the first generation of biofuel technology.
  • Second-generation biofuels are produced from non-food crops including the waste from food crops, agricultural residue, wood chips, and waste cooking oil. Second-generation biofuel feedstock is the nonedible byproduct of food crops. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • On World Biofuel Day August 10, Asia’s first 2G ethanol biorefinery, built by a central public sector undertaking Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, was unveiled in Panipat, Haryana. Hence, statement 2 is correct. 

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 14

Consider the following statements:

1. The Kudankulam Plant in Tamil Nadu uses a Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR).

2. Heavy Water Reactors use deuterium as both moderator and coolant.

3. Fast Breed Reactors are designed to maximize plutonium production and produce more fuel than they consume.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 14

Types of Fission Reactors:

  • Light Water Reactors: They use H20 as both moderator and coolant. They require the use of enriched fuel. Depending on the type of technology employed, they are further divided into (i) Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) and Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR).
    • Boiling Water Reactor: It uses boiling water to generate electricity. The Tarapur Nuclear Power Station in India hosts a BWR.

Test: Renewable Energy - Question 15

With reference to the Harit Nauka initiative, consider the following statements: 1. The initiative aims to achieve 100% green-fuel powered inland vessels in India by the year 2047. 2. It is launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways to facilitate the transition of inland waterway vessels to environmentally sustainable fuels like hydrogen. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 15

The correct answer is Option C - Both 1 and 2

Harit Nauka was launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways to promote decarbonisation of inland water transport under the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.

The initiative sets a national target of achieving 100% green-fuel use in inland vessels by 2047 and supports a phased transition to low- and zero-emission technologies.

It promotes adoption of sustainable fuels and technologies, including hydrogen (fuel cells), electrification and biofuels, and supports demonstration projects to validate these solutions.

A demonstration hydrogen fuel-cell inland vessel was launched as a pilot in February 2024, illustrating the initiative's practical steps toward cleaner inland navigation.

Both statements are correct.

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