Test: Rural Development - Bank Exams MCQ

According to the survey of 2014-15, approximately 165.98 lakh hectare (68.7%) land is used for cultivation.

overview of some of the key industries that were established during the British Rule in India,

• ​Textile industry: The textile industry in India was one of the oldest and largest. The first textile mill in India was established in Fort Gloster, near Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1818, and by the mid-19th century, India had become the world's largest producer of cotton textiles.
• Tea industry: The first commercial tea plantation was established in Assam in 1837,
• Railway industry:The first railway line in India was opened in 1853, between Bombay (now Mumbai) and Thane, 
• Jute industry: The jute industry was established in India during the late 19th century, as a substitute for the declining cotton industry. The first jute mill was set up in Rishra, near Calcutta, in 1855, 
• Mining industry: The first coal mine in India was opened in 1774 at Raniganj in West Bengal, and by the end of the 19th century, India had become one of the largest producers of coal in the world.
• Sugar industry: The first sugar mill in India was set up in Bihar in 1802, and by the mid-19th century, India had become a major producer and exporter of sugar

• Shifting cultivation is a primitive form of agriculture in which a plot of land is cultivated for a few years and then is deserted.
• shifting cultivation is popularly known as 'Rame' by the tribe men of Kandha.
• Kandha also known as kondh is identified as primitive tribal groups of Odisha.
• Kandha tribes practice shifting cultivation in the Koraput, Phulbani, Kalahandi, and Sambalpur districts of Odisha.
• The tribes Bondo, Didayi, Koya, Gadapa, Paroja, Soura, Kutia Kandha, Dongaria Kandha, Kandha, Parenga, Jatapur, Juang, Paudi Bhuyan, Erenga Kohla etc. are Major Primitive Tribal Groups of Odisha.
• Odisha is home to the third largest tribal population in India.

• Girdawari consists of the record of land agriculture.
• Khatauni is the record of land (all types of land).
• Khatauni can be called a book with different accounts of different areas, Khatauni is a very useful document by which the status and complete details of any area can be obtained from Patwari.
• Jamabandi is a document that includes the Record of Rights as well as records of cultivation, ownership.
• Panchnama of the land is tantamount to taking physical possession of the land.

• National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD & PR) is located at Hyderabad, Telangana.
• It was established in 1948.
• It is an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Rural Development.
• Recognized internationally as one of the UN-ESCAP Centres of Excellence. 
• It builds capacities of rural development functionaries, elected representatives of PRIs, bankers, NGOs, and other stakeholders through inter-related activities of training, research, and consultancy.

Canal irrigation does not come under micro irrigation where they are human made channels for water conveyance. Micro Irrigation is a scientific method of irrigation carrying desired water and nutrients direct to the root zone of the plant, drop by drop. Drip irrigation is a micro irrigation that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface. Sprinkler Irrigation is a micro irrigation where water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping and then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire soil surface through spray heads. Surge Irrigation comes under micro irrigation where the water supply is pulsed on and off in planned time periods. Ditch Irrigation is a micro Irrigation where ditches are dug out and seedlings are planted in rows

Wetland (conservation and management) rules 2017 has been notified by MoEFCC (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change) to prohibit range of activities in wetlands, these new rules replace earlier rules in 2010. Central pollution control broad deals with pollution in the environment which is caused by industries, manmade etc. National Biodiversity Authority is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment and Forests that provides access to biological resources and sharing the benefits. Water Literacy Foundation is a non-governmental environmental organization to make India a “water efficient nation”. Nature conservation Foundation is a non-governmental wildlife organization to promote the use of science for wildlife conservation in India

Agro Processing Cluster aims at development of modern infrastructure and common facilities to encourage group of entrepreneurs to set up food processing units. Macro Management scheme of Agriculture aims to complete development in Agriculture through work plans. Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) aims to reformation of existing traditional system of extension. Society Agriculture Loan Scheme aims for land development and agriculture activities. Rural Development through Diversification in Agriculture aims for the cultivation of medicinal plants, Aromatic Plants, flowers and orchids, sericulture and innovative practices in animal husbandry.

The Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry has launched pilot Revenue Insurance Scheme for Plantation Crops (RISPC) for protecting the growers from the risks such as pest attacks, yield loss and income decline caused by fall in prices. Union Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution deals with (PDS) public distribution system and consumer affairs. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (formerly Ministry of Agriculture) is the body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws related to agriculture in India. The Ministry of Panchayati Raj is looking after the ongoing process of decentralization and local governance in the States

National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) institute is to work with the identification, characterization, evaluation, conservation and utilization of livestock and poultry genetic resources of the country. National Institute of Animal Welfare has been conceptualized as an apex body in the field of animal welfare and it’s broad to improve animal welfare through research, education and public outreach. National Dairy Research Institute Conducts research in the areas of Dairy Production, Processing and Marketing and Dissemination of innovative dairy production and processing technologies for socio-economic transformations. National Bovine Genomic Centre is for Indigenous Breeds to enhance milk production and productivity through genomic selection among indigenous breeds. National mission of Bovine Productivity is to enhance milk production and productivity and thereby making dairying more remunerative to farmers.