UPSC CAPF Paper 1 Mock Test - 3 (General & Mental Ability) - CDS MCQ

According to our election law, no party or candidate can

i) Bribe or threaten voters;

ii) Appeal to them in the name of caste or religion;

iii) Use government resources for election campaign; and

iv) Spend more than Rs. 25 lakh in a constituency for a Lok Sabha election or Rs. 10 lakh in a constituency in an Assembly election.

The correct answer is D: Lok Sabha.

Explanation:

• Panchayats: Panchayats are village-level local self-government institutions in India. They are responsible for the administration of rural areas and play a crucial role in the development of villages.


• Municipalities: Municipalities are urban local self-government institutions. They are responsible for the administration of towns and cities. Municipalities provide basic civic services like water supply, sanitation, street lighting, and maintenance of public facilities.


• Corporations: Corporations are higher-level urban local self-government institutions. They are established in larger cities and have more extensive administrative and financial powers compared to municipalities.


• Lok Sabha: Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament of India. It is not a part of the district and local level bodies. Lok Sabha consists of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected by the people through a general election.

Therefore, among the given options, Lok Sabha is not a part of the district and local level bodies.

The President of India appoints the Chief Election Commissioner. Conventionally, senior-most Election Commissioner is appointed as CEC. He has a tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

The NPC consists of about 3,000 delegates. Delegates to the National People's Congress are elected for five-year terms via a multi-tiered representative electoral system.

The word monsoon comes from the Arabic word mausim, which means weather. Owing to the yearly appearance of torrential rain, indicating a marked shift in weather, mausim gradually became monsoon.

The correct answer is All of the above.

• Air pollutants are mainly classified as primary and secondary.
• The pollutants which emit directly into the atmosphere and remain in the same chemical form are known as primary pollutants.
• The pollutants which undergo chemical changes in the atmosphere due to the reaction of two or more pollutants are known as secondary pollutants.
• Pollutants like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulates fall under the category of primary pollutants.

Additional Information

The correct answer is It is a closed system.
Key Points

• Ecosystem:
  • Ecosystem, a natural resource system, the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space.
  • An ecosystem is an open system that can be categorized into its abiotic constituents, including minerals, climate, soil, water, sunlight, and all other nonliving elements, and its biotic constituents, consisting of all its living members. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
  • Linking these constituents together are two major forces: the flow of energy through the ecosystem, and the cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem.
  • The fundamental source of energy in almost all ecosystems is radiant energy from the Sun.
  • The energy of sunlight is used by the ecosystem’s autotrophic, or self-sustaining, organisms. Consisting largely of green vegetation, these organisms are capable of photosynthesis i.e., they can use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple, energy-rich carbohydrates.
  • The autotrophs use the energy stored within the simple carbohydrates to produce the more complex organic compounds, such as proteins, lipids, and starches, that maintain the organisms’ life processes.
  • The autotrophic segment of the ecosystem is commonly referred to as the producer level.

Additional Information

• The organic matter generated by autotrophs directly or indirectly sustains heterotrophic organisms.
• Heterotrophs are the consumers of the ecosystem; they cannot make their own food.
• They use, rearrange, and ultimately decompose the complex organic materials built up by the autotrophs.
• All animals and fungi are heterotrophs, as are most bacteria and many other microorganisms.
• Together, the autotrophs and heterotrophs form various trophic (feeding) levels in the ecosystem: the producer level, composed of those organisms that make their own food; the primary consumer level, composed of those organisms that feed on producers; the secondary consumer level, composed of those organisms that feed on primary consumers; and so on.
• The movement of organic matter and energy from the producer level through various consumer levels makes up a food chain.
• For example, a typical food chain in a grassland might be grass (producer) → mouse (primary consumer) → snake (secondary consumer) → hawk (tertiary consumer).
• Actually, in many cases the food chains of the ecosystem overlap and interconnect, forming what ecologists call a food web.
• The final link in all food chains is made up of decomposers, those heterotrophs that break down dead organisms and organic wastes.
• A food chain in which the primary consumer feeds on living plants is called a grazing pathway; that in which the primary consumer feeds on dead plant matter is known as a detritus pathway.
• Both pathways are important in accounting for the energy budget of the ecosystem.

Key Points

Air Quality Index (AQI) value between 401-500 is considered hazardous for public health.

Following 5 major air pollutants are calculated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for which national air quality standards have been established to safeguard public health.

1. Ground-level ozone
2. Particle pollution/particulate matter (PM2.5/PM 10)
3. Carbon Monoxide
4. Sulphur dioxide
5. Nitrogen dioxide

Air Quality Index (AQI) and its impacts on public health:

Key Points

The two major sources of energy can be classified:

• Conventional Sources
• Non-Conventional Sources

​

• Conventional sources of energy are those energies that have been predominantly in use for the better part of civilization.
• Non-conventional sources of energy are the up-and-coming energy sources.

Important Points

Difference Between Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of Energy: 

• The area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is known as the Torrid Zone.
• The mid-day Sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all the latitudes in this area; hence, this area receives maximum amount of heat.

Public facilities play a crucial role in promoting national development by providing essential services for collective needs. These services, such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure, contribute to the overall well-being and progress of the entire population, fostering social inclusivity and equity.

The correct answer is 5.

• Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP) Western Peripheral Expressway is the six-lane expressway passes through five districts in Haryana i.e Sonipat, Jhajjar, Gurugram, Mewat, and Palwal.
• It will be connecting to four major highways i.e Delhi-Ambala-Amritsar, Delhi-Agra-Varanasi-Dankuni, Delhi-Jaipur-Ahmedabad-Mumbai, and the Delhi-Hisar-Fazilka-India-Pakistan border.
• The expressway will provide an alternative route to vehicles, especially heavy vehicles to go towards Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan through the national capital.
• The total length of the expressway is approx. 135kms.

A full circle is 360 degrees. The distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-fourth of the circumference of the Earth. Since a circle measures 360 degrees, one-fourth of that circle (representing the distance from the equator to either pole) would also measure ¼ of 360 degrees, which is 90 degrees.

A budget constraint represents all the combinations of goods and services that a consumer may purchase given current prices within his or her given income. Consumer theory uses the concepts of a budget constraint and a preference map to analyze consumer choices.

Contour Bunding is one of the simple method of soil and water conservation. This technique is used at places where the land is sloppy. Due to slope, soil and nutrients erode fast which makes agriculture on this land very uneconomical. To adopt this technique the agriculture fields contours are marked and then the bunds are taken along the contours.

The ‘Asia-Pacific Leaders’ Conclave on Malaria Elimination’ will be organized in New Delhi by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in partnership with the Asia Pacific Leaders Malaria Alliance (APLMA) as a precursor to World Malaria Day.
Its goal is to reaffirm political commitment to achieve malaria elimination by 2030.

• World Book and Copyright Day is observed every year on April 23 to promote the habit of reading, writing, publishing and copyright.
• The first World Book Day was observed in 1995. International Decade of Indigenous Languages will be observed from 2022 to 32. The UNESCO theme of the World Book Day 2023 is ‘Indigenous Languages’.

Pradip Kumar Das, Chairman and Managing Director, Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) participated in the 26th edition of the World Energy Congress held in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He also said that India ranks fourth globally in renewable energy installed capacity.      

Fitch Ratings has reaffirmed the long-term issuer default rating (IDR) of "BBB-" for both State Bank of India (SBI) and Canara Bank, with a stable outlook. This rating reflects their adequate capacity to meet financial commitments, despite variations in risk appetite and loan growth patterns observed by Fitch.

India is ranked 64th out of 108 countries in the GRWI, reflecting a significant decline of 15 places from the previous year. Meanwhile, The top 5 countries which scored the highest on the Global Remote Work Index (GRWI) are Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Spain and Sweden.

Let x = 2.333 (1) multiply both side with 10 = 10x = 23.333

(2) Now eq. (2) - (1) = 10x - x = 23.333 - 2.333 = 9x = 21 = x = 21/ 9 =x = 7/3

• The economic prosperity of Magadha was indeed bolstered by the use of coins and the rise of towns, making statement 1 correct.
• The Shishunaga dynasty did not move the capital to Pataliputra; it was later under the Maurya dynasty that Pataliputra became a significant capital, making statement 2 incorrect.
• Bimbisara's policy of conquest and aggression was not limited to south of the Ganges River; his expansions included the conquest of Anga and alliances with other states, rendering statement 3 incorrect.

A is the correct option.The Jabala Upanishad, also called Jabalopanisad, is a minor Upanishad of Hinduism. The Sanskrit text is one of the 20 Sannyasa Upanishads, and is attached to the Shukla Yajurveda. The Jabala Upanishad is an ancient text, composed before 300 CE. It provides earliest clear reference to the four ashramas of the student, house-holder, forest hermit, and recluse.

• Nishka: Nishka was a standard unit of measurement during the Mauryan period, but it was not the standard coin.



• Krishnala: Krishnala was a type of coin used in ancient India, but it was not the standard coin during the Mauryan period.



• Pana: Pana was considered the standard coin during the Mauryan period. It was a common currency used for trade and transactions.



• Suvarna: Suvarna was a valuable coin made of gold, but it was not the standard coin during the Mauryan period.

Therefore, the correct answer is Pana, which was regarded as the standard coin during the Mauryan period.

D is the correct option.Balban was the first to order a huge bell to be hung at the gate of his palace so that an aggrieved person could ring it at any time.

When either calcium sulphate or magnesium bicarbonate or calcium chloride is dissolved in water, hard water is obtained. Hard water is due to presence of sulphates, chlorides or bicarbonates of magnesium and calcium in water. 

The atomic number of Helium is Z = 2. The electronic configuration is, 2. Therefore, Helium is a noble gas with two valence electrons.

Materials with high electron mobility (many free electrons) are called conductors, while materials with low electron mobility (few or no free electrons) are called insulators.