Uttarakhand D.El.Ed Mock Test - 10 - UTET MCQ

Time zones to the east of the Prime Meridian have positive UTC offsets, such as UTC+1 or UTC+2.

Risk assessment and vulnerability mapping involve using tools such as Geographic Information System (GIS) based databases to identify potential hazards, assess their severity, and determine the vulnerability of populations and infrastructure in disaster-prone areas. This information is critical for developing effective disaster management plans and mitigation measures.

Colour temperature is a measurement relating the colour of the light radiated by an object to its temperature. No matter whatever the temperature is the hottest would only radiate to blue-white light radiation. 

From Statement I: From this statement, we get the following inference:

As per the figure, Manas who is facing southwest, turns 135° anticlockwise. Thus, he will be facing East.

It is given that he would face the same direction as Tanya. Hence, Tanya will also be facing East.

Clearly, Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.

From Statement II: From this statement, we get the following inference:

As per the figure, Dinesh who is facing northeast, turns 90° clockwise. Thus, he will be facing southeast. Also, southeast is 180° to the direction of Tanya. Hence, Tanya will be facing northwest.

Clearly, Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.

Therefore, the question can be answered using both statement I alone or statement II alone.

Hence, option C is the correct answer.

From the common explanation, we can conclude that C is the nephew of F.

Hence, Option D is correct.

Common Explanation:

References:

F is the sister of T who is the aunt of C who is not child of F.

N is the father of C and the brother-in-law of T.

Neither H nor N has sibling.

E is the daughter of the one who is sister-in-law of N.

T is the unmarried person in the family.

R is the father-in-law of H and the spouse of G who is the maternal grandmother of E.

H is the son-in-law of G who is the mother-in-law of the one who is spouse of O.   C and E are of opposite gender.

Inferences:

From the references given above we get following arrangements:

We can see that if we solve the given relation P = Q - R @ S = T - U + V = W, then we will get the family tree as follow:

So, we can see that W is daughter-in-law of S.

Hence, option D is correct.

A ! B^C+D&E @F^G! A: A is parent of B, B is child of C, C is sister-in-law of D, D is wife of E, E is brother of F, F is child of G, G is parent of A. B is son of C.

Starting from right means Z to A.
When the alphabets are counted from backward the total number of alphabets is considered as 27.
Eighteenth from right is I = 27-18 = 9
The tenth alphabet to the right of I will be S = 9+10 = 19

A gets 10% of the profit for managing the business = 10% of 9600 = Rs. 960
Profit remaining = 9600 - 960 = Rs. 8640
Ratio in which they will share the remaining profit = 12 : 20 = 3 : 5
A's share = 960 + (3/8) 8640 = Rs. 4200

Cost ∝ Weight²
Let original weight = 10x
Then, original cost = 100x²k (where k is proportionality constant)
After breakage weight = 1x + 2x + 3x + 4x
After breakage cost = kx²(1 + 4 + 9 + 16) = 30x²k
Now, (100 - 30)x²k = 70,000
Or, 70x²k = 70,000
Or, x²k = 1,000
Hence, original cost = 100x²k
= 100 × 1,000 = Rs. 1,00,000

Cost price for 100 articles = Rs. 1900
Let the market price per article be Rs. M.
So, sales revenue = 95 × M × 0.7 ... (i)
As profit = 40%, sales revenue = Rs. 1.40 × 1900 = Rs. 2660
So, 95M × 0.7 = 2660
Or M = 40
Thus, market price = Rs. 40
Hence, answer option (1) is correct.

Let SP be Rs. x.
Then, CP = Rs. (13/15)x
Receipt = 112% of Rs. x
= Rs. (28/25)x
Gain = Rs. [(28x/25) – (13x/15)]
= Rs. 19x/75

Slant length 
Then curved surface area = πrl = π × 6 × 10⇒ 60p
And total surface area = πrl + πr² ⇒ π ((6 × 10) + 6²)
= 96π cm²

• Since the lines, AB and CD are parallel to each other, and the lines RD and AN are parallel, it means that the triangles RBF and NCI are similar to each other. Since the ratio of CN : BR = 1.333, if we take BR as 3, we will get CN as 4.
• This means that the ratio of BF : CI would also be 3 : 4.
  Also, the ratio of BR : RS : ST : TA = BF : FG : GH : HI = 3 : 5 : 2 : 7 (given).

Hence, the correct answer is 3 : 5 : 2 : 7 : 4 

Explanation:

Let one multiple of 5 be x then the next consecutive multiple of will be (x+5) According to question,

Then the number are 30 and 35.

Solve this by assuming each option to be true and then check whether the given expression has equal roots for the option under check.

Thus, if we check for option (b). ad = be.
We assume a = 6, d = 4 b = 12 c = 2 (any set o f values that satisfies ad = bc).
Then (a² + b²) x² - 2(ac + bc) x + (c² + d²) = 0

180 x²- 120 x +20 = 0.
We can see that this has equal roots. Thus, option (b) is a possible answer. The same way if we check for a, e and d we see that none of them gives us equal roots and can be rejected.

Average production of flavour X in 1995, 1996 and 1997

Average production of flavour Y in 1998, 1999 and 2000

The correct answer is B as 
probability of one of them being selected, imply either John must be selected and Dani must not or Dani must be selected and John must not.
The probability of John's selection is 1/3, so that of his disselection is (1-1/3) = 2/3.
The probability of Dani's selection is 1/5, so that of his disselection is (1-1/5) = 4/5.
The probability of John's selection and Dani's disselection is 1/3 x 4/5 = 4/15.
The probability of Dani's selection and John's disselection is 2/3 x 1/5 = 2/15.
So the required probability is 4/15 + 2/15 = 6/15 = 2/5.

Social cognitive theory is basically a social learning theory based on the idea that people learn by watching what others do and that human thought processes are central to understanding personality.
Key Points

• Bandura’s Social Learning Theory of Personality is based on the premise that human behaviour is largely acquired and that the principles of learning are sufficient to account for the development and maintenance of behaviour.
• To illustrate that people learn from watching others, Albert Bandura constructed an experiment entitled “Bobo Doll Behaviour: A Study of Aggression.” In this experiment Bandura exposed a group of children to a video, featuring violent and aggressive actions. For the experiment Bandura made of a film of one of his students, a young woman, essentially beating up a bobo doll. Bobo doll is an inflatable, egg-shaped balloon creature with a weight in the bottom that makes it bob back up when you knock him down.
• Bandura did a large number of variations on the study: The model was rewarded or punished in a variety of ways, the kids were rewarded for their imitations, the model was changed to be less attractive or less prestigious, and so on. Responding to criticism that bobo dolls were supposed to be hit, he even did a film of the young woman beating up a live clown.

Thus, it is concluded that the Psychologist who used Bobo dolls in his studies in learning is Bandura.

Questions are a very necessary thing in the field of teaching for knowing how much the student covers the content and understanding related to topics.

• Essay-type questions- This kind of question for which the receiver has to plan and write with their own views.

Key Points
There are some essential points regarding essay-type questions-

• This is commonly used in all classes.
• Essay-type questions- make it easier to measure outcomes such as organizing, integrating ideas, and usage of the learner's language.
• It gives freedom to learners in writing the answer in as many ways as they want.
• It gives freedom to use vocabulary which learners feel comfortable in.
• The style of writing and imaginative capacity of students can be measured through essay-type questions.
• The answering of this kind of question indicates the quality and nature of the learner's thought process.
• It can be employed for all school subjects.

Hence we can say that essay-type questions are a true statement regarding "the style of writing and imaginative capacity of students can be measured".
Hint

• Multiple choice types are used to assess the learner's recalling and understanding ability.
• Competition-type questions require to compete for the statement by a word or sentence.
• Matching type questions is easy for students who have reading issues.

Listening skills are the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process. Listening is key to all effective communication. Effective listening is a skill that underpins all positive human relationships.
Key Points
Gist listening:    

• Gist listening is when the learner tries to understand what is happening even if they can't understand every phrase or sentence.
• The learner is trying to pick up keywords, intonation, and other clues so as to make a guess at the meaning.

Gradual listening:

• Gradual listening is proceeding by steps or small degrees as in ascent or descent or from one state to another.
• It is a regular progressive slow progress as, a gradual increase of knowledge or a gradual decline. 

Casual listening:    

• Casual Listening is listening without showing much attention. However actual attention may vary a lot from person to person. 

Focused listening:    

• Focused listening is a strategy that guides students to listen closely to a text.
• It helps students listen attentively with no distractions and to identify key points and ideas.
• Students understand and evaluate.
• Listening with more directed attention to and heightened awareness of what one is hearing, as opposed to listening partially to what’s being heard while at the same time giving attention to someone or something else.
• Like in the given question, Rohan is listening to the lecture being delivered. He is able to understand and evaluate what the teacher says.  

Thus, it is clear that the correct answer is option 4.

"Raymond Cattell" is a British psychologist. Cattell (1971) on the basis of factor analysis, has divided the general factor of intelligence (G) into two parts- fluid intelligence (GF) and crystallized intelligence (GC). The former is innate, biologically, or genetically determined and the latter is acquired based on cultural educational experience.

Key Points"Fluid intelligence" refers to the ability for abstract and logical thinking and does not require any previous knowledge. It is the ability to think and reason abstractly, as well as solve any new problem or task without any prior knowledge or experience.

• It helps one to examine a novel problem, perceive the relationships and patterns that underlie the problem and solve it using logic.
• The fluid intelligence of an individual increases rapidly during childhood, but declines in later adulthood.
• It can be measured by tests of puzzle-solving, and spatial visualization. and block designs.
• The measures of fluid intelligence(Gf) are- The Cattell Culture Fair IQ tests and The Raven’s Progressive Matrices.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, we can conclude that fluid intelligence depends on neurological development.

Additional Information"Crystallized intelligence" refers to an individual's ability to use acquired knowledge comes a combination of previous learning, past experiences, and the ability to apply that knowledge.

• An individual's intellectual achievement over the course of their life becomes better with age.
• Crystallized intelligence can be measured through tests of general knowledge, use of language (vocabulary), and a wide variety of acquired skills (Horn & Cattell,1967).
• Crystallized intelligence grows throughout the life span.

Teaching method is a way to put theory into practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies. It helps the teachers to plan and present the lesson in a coherent way.

• There are various kinds of teaching methods in fashion to facilitate learning and 'Problem Solving Method' is one of them.

Key Points

• Problem-solving is a learner-centered approach that emphasizes the learner's active involvement in the learning process.
• In this method, teachers create a problematic situation for students and they try to achieve the objective by solving the problem.
• They go through various difficulties and needs that come in the way of achieving the objective and the teacher assists them in perceiving, defining, and stating the problems in a fear-free classroom environment.
• With the help of the teacher, students reach a satisfactory solution to the problem and achieve the objective. It boosts students' understanding of the concept.

Hence, it is clear that all I, II & III features are included in the problem-solving method.

Errors are the faults made by the student during their learning. Errors help students to find out their weak points of view regarding the problem and also make a chance to improve their learning. Errors are made because of the different thought processes of the students regarding the problem.

Key Points

Important points about errors made by students are:

• Errors analysis help teachers to understand the weak lesson of the students so that they can improve them by applying different teaching-learning methods.
• Errors remove boundaries created by the fear of failure.

• Teachers should not punish the students for making errors, they should have to correct their errors of them, and help them with the concept.
• Errors analysis helps learners to create connections between ideas and concepts.
• Teachers should not judge the quality of the knowledge by performing errors by the students.
• Errors analysis help teachers to understand the weak lesson of the students so that they can improve them by applying different teaching-learning methods.
• Errors are part of the teaching-learning process and make the thoughts of the students divergent.

So we conclude that errors are the part of teaching-learning process, that's why the teacher's behavior is not good because he shows his frustration.

Lev Vygotsky is a Russian Psychologist who proposed the theory of Socio-cultural development. In this theory, Vygotsky emphasizes the role of society and culture in the development of the child.

Key Points According to Lev Vygotsky, Cultural tools and Social interaction facilitate the cognitive development of children.

Cultural tools:

• Lev Vygotsky's social-cultural perspective of learning emphasizes the importance of cultural tools in the process of cognitive development.
• Cultural tools are the main determinant of cognitive development and learning. They play a significant role in human intellectual development and how humans perceive the world.
• Learning takes place through the interaction between the child and the culture. Different cultures play a vital role in shaping the abilities and behaviors of a child and work as a tool of intellectual adaptation.​
  • Example: Maps, Language, traditions, calculators, books, and media, are the basic source of cultural tools.

Hence, cultural tools such as maps, language, and calculators aid and change our functioning as per Lev Vygotsky's theory.​

Important Points

Vygotsky also proposed three basic needs of students during learning, these are Zone of proximal development (ZPD), Scaffolding, and Making knowledgeable others (MKO).

• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The concept of MKO is closely related to ZPD. According to Vygotsky, ZPD is the difference between the present level of development attained without anyone’s assistance and the potential level of development that can be attained under the guidance of MKO.
• Scaffolding: Scaffolding is the term, given by Vygotsky, in which he proposed that the temporary help given by the teachers, family, friends, etc. to the children in his learning.
• MKO (more knowledgeable others): Vygotsky defined the “More Knowledgeable Other” (MKO) as anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, particularly in regards to a specific task, concept, or process. MKO could be teachers, parents, tutors, and even peers.

Child-centered education prioritizes the kid, with the notion that every child deserves an education that allows them to reach their full potential. In addition, it emphasizes the child's overall well-being. It has grown in popularity among parents as a result of this.

Key Points

• The goal of education is to limit a child's conduct; no instruction should be based on a child's underlying tendencies, motives, or feelings. In terms of the qualities of child-centered education, this statement is incorrect.
• Education's objective is to assist children in becoming responsible citizens. Citizens who are responsible put their knowledge and skills to good use for themselves and others. They contribute to the human race's growth in areas such as equality, fairness, and peace.
• Education may provide learners with the agency and sense of purpose they need, as well as the skills they need to alter their own lives and contribute to the lives of others. The actual goal of education and school is to assist you in becoming a "better" and more capable person than you were previously.
• The empowerment of all students toward knowledge and learning is an essential goal of education. Democratic principles of equality, fairness, freedom, and respect for human dignity and rights are founded on sensitivity to others' feelings and well-being, as well as a growing knowledge and awareness of the world.

As a result, we can see that the goal of education is to limit a child's conduct and that no instruction should be based on a child's underlying inclinations, motives, or feelings is incorrect in terms of the features of child-centered education.

Important Points

• A teacher must understand child psychology in order to succeed in any subject. Understanding variances in student characteristics can be aided by child psychology for instructors and future teachers. Child psychology is crucial in assisting teachers in creating a positive socio-emotional atmosphere in the classroom so that learning can take place.
• When developing the syllabus, take into account the teacher's needs as well as the school's resources. A successful school building responds to changing instructional programs and, at the very least, provides a pleasant, safe, secure, accessible, well-lit, well-ventilated, and aesthetically beautiful physical environment.
• Understanding child growth and learning aid in the planning of future steps for assisting children's progress. Providers can design realistic, suitable learning goals for children by understanding the sequence of knowledge or skill development in each particular area. The instructor should know everything there is to know about the kid, including fundamental behavior, needs, mental level, interests, talents, personality, and so on.

India is a diverse country where the diversity could be seen with reference to the learners learning abilities, socio-economic backgrounds, religious differences cultural variations or even emotional behavioral characteristics.

• All religions in the world teach love and tolerance but yet it is not very uncommon to hear violence and bloodshed in the name of religion. The system of education calls for providing equal opportunity to every child for optimal development.

Important Points

• For the inclusion of students from religious minorities, a teacher should present examples of harmony among members of different religions.
• The core concern of every religion is the well-being of humankind and to help every individual to realize the ultimate truth of human life.
• Whenever people tried to create discord in the society by misusing the basic tenets of religion, in the long run, they failed in their mission and harmony prevailed upon conflicts.
• The teacher can promote the idea that as a citizen, we have to raise our voices against the misuse of religion and allow people to live according to their respective beliefs.
• Concern for religious tolerance and harmony was expressed at different times in our society due to tensions in the name of religion.

The teacher can present these ideas of INDIAN THINKERS ON RELIGIOUS HARMONY:

• In ancient India, great ruler Asoka preached the merit of religious harmony and in medieval India, the same was echoed in the religious policy of Akbar.
• The Rock Edict XII of Asoka suggests, ‘The faiths of others deserve to be honored for one reason or another. By honoring them one exalts one’s own faith and at the same time performs a service to the faith of others’. ‘
• Akbar, was extremely supportive of religious tolerance and he made it a recognized duty of the state to make sure that no man should be interfered with on account of religion, and anyone is to be allowed to go over to a religion that pleases him.’
• During modern times in the World Parliament of Religions in 1893 in America, Swami Vivekananda said, ‘I am proud to belong to a nation which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance. We believe not only in universal tolerance, but we accept all religions as true.’
• One has to break down the small barriers of one’s own world and to strive for the world which belongs to all of us. ‘The Lord has declared to the Hindu in His incarnation as Krishna: “I am in every religion as the thread through a string of pearls.
• Vivekananda wrote, ‘I accept all the religions that were in the past, and worship them all; I worship God with every one of them, in whatever form they worship Him. I shall go to the mosque of Mohammedan, I shall enter the Christians Church and kneel before the crucifix; I shall enter the Buddhist temple, where I shall take refuge in Buddha and in his law. I shall go into the forest and sit down in meditation with the Hindu, who is trying to find the light which enlightens the heart of every one’.

Therefore, it can be concluded that for the inclusion of students from religious minorities, a teacher should present examples of harmony among members of different religions.

Inclusion in education means education for all children in school as it refers to the inclusion of all children in the education system, regardless of their differences and disabilities.

Key Points Characteristics of inclusive education or inclusion of the students in education:

• Inclusive education can help break the cycle of poverty and exclusion.
• It makes the curriculum flexible and easy to access the infrastructure for the students.
• It encourages children to stay with their families and communities.
• The school atmosphere can improve to the benefit of all the learners.
• The practice can help overcome discrimination which is widespread in every sphere of society.
• The evaluation of the students is a comprehensive way, not o a particular ability/disability.
• No segregation of children with learning/physical disabilities, children who are socially, economically, culturally, marginalized children, gifted, creative, and linguistically disadvantaged.
• Students actively participate in group activities, tasks, and hands-on experiences, so that they learn the concept conceptually.
• The education system will make suitable modifications to suit the needs of children.
• Students are never made to feel inadequate as curricular and co-curricular activities are modified to the requirement of specific.
• All the required support will be made available to the students in the regular classroom.

Thus by all these references, we can say that actively participating in hands-on activities is the main characteristic of inclusive education.

Hint

• Auditory: Assessment based on written work- Assessment based on writing work, should not be supported by the teacher because it is not an active way of learning.
• Visual: Content delivered mainly through lectures- Teachers should not deliver the lectures, they should teach the concept through hands-on activities, by experiments, etc.
• Kinesthetic: Expect passive listening- Active listening is a part of inclusive education, students should have to learn actively, which helps them to make concepts clearly.

Inclusive classroom is a part of inclusive education which is related to giving equal education to all the children (general and special) in the education system so that the development of equality and adjustment ability is equally in the children.

Important Points

• An inclusive classroom meets the individual learning needs of children using a variety of media and allows equal opportunities to learn and grow by making the school a friendly place for all children.
• To make a language classroom an inclusive classroom, it is necessary to use a variety of audio-visual materials. Audio-visual aids refer to those tools which are used significantly in the teaching-learning process.
• The main objective of an inclusive classroom is to fully involve differently abled children in the process.
• It is necessary to take into account the capabilities and limitations of differently abled children to be fully involved in the process.
• Asking a visually impaired student what changes do you see around you after rain? Not suitable for inclusion of visually impaired child.
• For inclusion of visually impaired child we can ask what sounds do you hear during rain.
• Various methods and methods of teaching are used for the inclusion of all children.

Hence it is concluded that while assessing children with special needs during learning in an inclusive classroom there should be taken care of their capabilities and limitations .