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MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Class 11 MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test - MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1)

MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) for Class 11 2024 is part of Class 11 preparation. The MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) questions and answers have been prepared according to the Class 11 exam syllabus.The MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) MCQs are made for Class 11 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) below.
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MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 1
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A tissue is a group of cells which are -

Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 1
Explanation:
A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body. The cells in a tissue are similar in origin, form, and function. Here is a detailed explanation of why option D is the correct answer:
Similar in origin:
- Tissues are formed from cells that come from the same type of tissue precursor during embryonic development.
- For example, muscle tissues are formed from myoblasts, while nerve tissues are formed from neuroblasts.
Similar in form:
- Cells within a tissue have a similar structure and organization.
- They often have the same shape and size, and they are arranged in a specific pattern that is characteristic of that tissue type.
Similar in function:
- Tissues are specialized to perform specific functions in the body.
- For example, epithelial tissues line the surfaces of organs and protect underlying tissues, while connective tissues provide support and structure to the body.
Key Point:
- A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in origin, form, and function.
- Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 2
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A meristem may be defined as the group of cells which -

Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 2
Definition of a meristem:
A meristem is a group of cells found in plants that have the ability to continuously divide and give rise to new cells. These cells are responsible for the growth and development of plants.
Explanation of the options:
A. Add to the bulk of the Plants: This option is incorrect because meristems do not directly add to the bulk of plants. They divide to give rise to new cells, which then differentiate into various plant tissues and contribute to the overall growth of the plant.
B. Conserve food: This option is incorrect because the primary function of meristems is not to conserve food. Instead, they are involved in cell division and growth.
C. Divide continuously to give rise to new cells: This option is correct. Meristems are responsible for the continuous division of cells, which leads to the formation of new cells and the growth of the plant.
D. Elongate and add to the group of cells: This option is partially incorrect. While meristems do contribute to cell elongation, their main function is cell division rather than elongation.
Conclusion:
Based on the given options, the correct answer is C. Meristems divide continuously to give rise to new cells, which are essential for the growth and development of plants.
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MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 3
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Embryo of a seed is made up of –

Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 3
Embryo of a seed is made up of:
- Meristematic tissue
Explanation:
The embryo of a seed is the young, developing plant enclosed within the seed coat. It is responsible for giving rise to the new plant during germination. The embryo is made up of different types of tissues, with the meristematic tissue being one of them.
- Meristematic tissue: This type of tissue is responsible for cell division and growth in plants. It consists of actively dividing cells and is located at the tips of roots, shoots, and in the cambium layer of stems. In the embryo, meristematic tissue plays a crucial role in enabling the growth and development of various plant organs.
Other tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma may be present in other parts of the seed or plant, but they are not typically found in the embryo.
To summarize, the embryo of a seed is primarily composed of meristematic tissue, which is responsible for the growth and development of the new plant.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 4
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Epidermal cells are -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 4
Epidermal cells are:
- Guard cells: Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that surround and control the opening and closing of stomata, which are tiny pores on the surface of leaves. Stomata are responsible for regulating gas exchange and transpiration in plants. Guard cells have a unique shape that allows them to change shape and control the size of the stomatal pore.
- Root hairs: Root hairs are elongated epidermal cells that are found in the root system of plants. They increase the surface area of the root and are involved in the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.
- Trichomes: Trichomes are hair-like structures that can be found on the epidermis of various plant parts, such as leaves, stems, and reproductive structures. They can serve different functions, including protection against herbivores, reducing water loss by creating a microclimate around the leaf surface, and reflecting excess light.
- All of the above: Epidermal cells can serve different functions depending on their location in the plant and the specific structures they form. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as epidermal cells can be specialized as guard cells, root hairs, or trichomes.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 5
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Bamboo, grass and mint stem elongate by the activity of -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 5
Explanation:
The elongation of bamboo, grass, and mint stem is due to the activity of intercalary meristems.
Intercalary meristems are specialized regions of growth located at the base of leaves and internodes in certain plants. They are responsible for cell division and elongation, leading to the growth of stems and leaves.
Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Intercalary meristems:
- Intercalary meristems are found in the basal regions of leaves and internodes.
- They are responsible for the elongation of stems and leaves.
- Intercalary meristems have actively dividing cells, which contribute to the growth of the plant.
- They add new cells between the existing cells, allowing the stem and leaves to elongate.
2. Bamboo:
- Bamboo is a type of grass with a woody stem.
- The fast growth and elongation of bamboo stems are mainly due to the activity of intercalary meristems.
- The intercalary meristems at the base of bamboo leaves and internodes constantly produce new cells, leading to the rapid elongation of the stem.
3. Grass:
- Grass also possesses intercalary meristems at the base of its leaves and internodes.
- These meristems continuously divide and produce new cells, resulting in the elongation of the grass stem.
- This allows grass to grow quickly, enabling it to recover from mowing or grazing.
4. Mint:
- Mint is a herbaceous plant that also exhibits elongation of its stem through the activity of intercalary meristems.
- The intercalary meristems present at the base of mint leaves and internodes contribute to the growth and elongation of the stem.
In conclusion, the elongation of bamboo, grass, and mint stems is primarily due to the activity of intercalary meristems, which continuously produce new cells and allow for the expansion and growth of the plant.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 6
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Histogens are components of -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 6
Histogens are components of Apical meristem
Histogens are specific regions within the apical meristem that give rise to different tissues in plants. They are responsible for the formation and organization of the different tissue layers in the plant body. Here is a detailed explanation of each component:
- Apical meristem: The apical meristem is the primary growth region located at the tips of stems and roots in plants. It is responsible for the elongation of the plant body and the production of new cells. It consists of three histogenic regions:
- Protoderm: The protoderm is the outermost layer of cells in the apical meristem. It gives rise to the epidermis, which is the protective outer covering of the plant.
- Ground meristem: The ground meristem is the middle layer of cells in the apical meristem. It gives rise to the ground tissues of the plant, including the cortex, pith, and endodermis.
- Procambium: The procambium is the innermost layer of cells in the apical meristem. It gives rise to the vascular tissues of the plant, including the xylem and phloem.
By dividing and differentiating, these histogens within the apical meristem contribute to the overall growth and development of the plant. They play a crucial role in the formation of different tissues and organs, allowing the plant to adapt and respond to its environment.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 7
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Maximum growth in root occurs –
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 7
Maximum growth in root occurs -
The correct answer is option C: Behind the apex.
Explanation:
- The root tip, also known as the root apex, is the region of the root where growth occurs. It is covered by a protective cap called the root cap.
- The maximum growth in the root occurs in the region just behind the root apex.
- The root apex contains meristematic cells, which are responsible for cell division and elongation. These cells continuously divide and differentiate to produce new cells, leading to root growth.
- The root cap protects the delicate meristematic cells from damage as the root pushes through the soil.
- As the root grows, the cells behind the apex elongate and differentiate into different tissues, such as the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissues.
- The elongation of cells behind the apex results in the elongation of the root itself.
- The root grows in the opposite direction of the root tip, pushing through the soil and exploring the environment for water and nutrients.
- Therefore, the maximum growth in the root occurs behind the apex, where the meristematic cells are actively dividing and elongating to drive root growth.
In conclusion, the maximum growth in the root occurs behind the apex, where the meristematic cells continuously divide and elongate, leading to root elongation and exploration of the soil for water and nutrients.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 8
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In monocotyledon roots, the histogen present at the apex of the root tip is -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 8
Explanation:
The histogen present at the apex of the root tip in monocotyledon roots is the calyptrogen. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. What is a histogen?
- A histogen is a group of cells that give rise to specific tissues in a plant.
- In the case of roots, there are three main histogens: dermatogen, calyptrogen, and plerome.
2. What is the calyptrogen?
- The calyptrogen is the outermost layer of cells in the root apical meristem.
- It is responsible for the formation of the root cap, which protects the delicate growing tip of the root.
3. Why is the calyptrogen important?
- The calyptrogen plays a crucial role in root growth and protection.
- It constantly produces new cells that push the root cap forward, allowing the root to penetrate the soil.
- It also secretes mucilage, a slimy substance that helps lubricate the root as it grows through the soil.
4. Why is the answer C: Calyptrogen?
- The question specifically asks for the histogen present at the apex of the root tip in monocotyledon roots.
- Monocotyledon roots, like all roots, have a calyptrogen present at the apex.
- The other options (A: Dermatogen, B: Procambium, D: Plerome) are not located at the apex of the root tip in monocotyledon roots.
In conclusion, the histogen present at the apex of the root tip in monocotyledon roots is the calyptrogen.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 9
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Periclinal division in a cell takes place by -Monocot leaves grow by -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 9
Periclinal division in a cell:
- Periclinal division refers to a type of cell division that occurs parallel to the surface of a tissue or organ.
- This division results in the production of two daughter cells, one on top of the other, with different developmental fates.
Monocot leaves growth:
- Monocot leaves grow differently compared to dicot leaves.
- Monocot leaves have parallel venation, meaning their veins run parallel to each other.
- The growth of monocot leaves is characterized by the occurrence of intercalary meristems.
- Intercalary meristems are found at the base of the leaf blade and are responsible for the elongation of the leaf.
Answer: B - Transverse cleavage
- Transverse cleavage refers to a type of periclinal division where the cell division occurs perpendicular to the surface of the tissue or organ.
- In the context of the given question, transverse cleavage is the correct answer for periclinal division in a cell.
- This type of division results in the formation of two daughter cells, one above the other, which is similar to the nature of periclinal division.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 10
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Monocot leaves grow by -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 10
Monocot leaves grow by intercalary meristem.
Intercalary meristem is a type of meristem found in the base of the leaf sheath in monocot plants. It is responsible for the growth and elongation of the leaves in monocots. Here is a detailed explanation of how monocot leaves grow by intercalary meristem:
1. Definition of intercalary meristem:
- Intercalary meristem is a type of meristem found at the base of the leaf sheath in monocot plants.
- It is responsible for the elongation and growth of the leaves.
2. Location of intercalary meristem:
- Intercalary meristem is located at the base of the leaf sheath, between the node and the internode.
- It is present in monocot plants such as grasses, lilies, and orchids.
3. Function of intercalary meristem:
- The intercalary meristem is responsible for cell division and elongation in the leaf sheath.
- It adds new cells to the base of the leaf, resulting in the elongation and growth of the leaf.
4. Growth process of monocot leaves:
- The intercalary meristem divides and produces new cells at the base of the leaf sheath.
- These new cells elongate and differentiate into various leaf tissues, such as epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular tissues.
- As the intercalary meristem continues to divide and produce new cells, the leaf sheath elongates, leading to the growth of the monocot leaf.
In conclusion, monocot leaves grow by intercalary meristem, which is responsible for the elongation and growth of the leaf sheath. This type of meristem is located at the base of the leaf sheath and plays a crucial role in the development of monocot leaves.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 11
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Which of the following is a well differentiated plant tissue -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 11
Well Differentiated Plant Tissue
Parenchyma
- Parenchyma is a type of simple plant tissue.
- It is composed of living cells with thin cell walls and large intercellular spaces.
- The cells are loosely packed and have the ability to divide and differentiate.
- Parenchyma tissue is found in various parts of a plant, including leaves, stems, roots, and fruits.
- It functions in photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
Apical Meristem
- Apical meristem is a type of meristematic tissue.
- It is located at the tips of roots and shoots.
- It is responsible for primary growth in plants, leading to the elongation of roots and shoots.
- Apical meristem contains undifferentiated cells that continuously divide and differentiate into various types of plant tissues.
Cambium
- Cambium is a type of meristematic tissue.
- It is found in the vascular region of plants, between the xylem and phloem.
- Cambium is responsible for secondary growth in plants, leading to an increase in girth.
- It contains undifferentiated cells that divide and differentiate into secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark).
Conclusion
- Among the given options, parenchyma is a well differentiated plant tissue.
- Apical meristem and cambium are meristematic tissues responsible for growth and differentiation in plants.
- While they play important roles in plant development, they are not considered well differentiated tissues like parenchyma.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 12
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Which of the following is a primary meristem -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 12

To determine which of the following is a primary meristem, we need to understand the characteristics of primary meristems and analyze each option.
Primary meristems:
Primary meristems are the initial meristems that develop from the embryonic cells and contribute to the primary growth of plants. They are responsible for the formation of primary tissues, which include the epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue (xylem and phloem).
Now, let's analyze each option:
A: Intra fascicular cambium:
- The intrafascicular cambium is a secondary meristem that develops between the primary xylem and primary phloem in the stem.
- It is responsible for the formation of secondary vascular tissues, such as secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
- Therefore, it is not a primary meristem.
B: Cork cambium:
- Cork cambium (phellogen) is a secondary meristem that develops from the cortex layer of the stem or root.
- It produces a protective tissue called cork or bark.
- Therefore, it is not a primary meristem.
C: Vascular cambium in roots:
- The vascular cambium is a secondary meristem that develops between the primary xylem and primary phloem in the stem and roots.
- It is responsible for the production of secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.
- Therefore, it is not a primary meristem.
D: None of the above:
- The correct answer is A. Intra fascicular cambium.
In conclusion, the primary meristem among the given options is the intrafascicular cambium. It is responsible for the primary growth and development of the plant's vascular tissues.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 13
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In plants, during embryonic condition –
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 13
Embryonic Condition in Plants
In plants, the embryonic condition refers to the early stages of development when the plant embryo is forming. During this stage, certain processes occur that contribute to the growth and development of the plant. The options provided in the question pertain to the activity of cells during this embryonic condition.
Option A: All cells of the embryo divide
- All cells in the embryo undergo cell division.
- This includes both apical cells (located at the tip of the embryo) and lateral cells (located on the sides of the embryo).
- Cell division is an essential process for the growth and differentiation of cells, leading to the formation of different plant tissues and organs.
Option B: Meristematic activity is confined to a single apical cell
- Meristematic activity refers to the division of cells in the meristem, which is a region of actively dividing cells.
- In this option, the meristematic activity is limited to a single apical cell.
- However, in plants, meristematic activity is not limited to a single cell but occurs in multiple regions of the plant, including the apical meristem (at the tip of the plant) and the lateral meristem (along the sides of the plant).
Option C: Meristematic activity is confined to a group of apical cells
- Similar to option B, this option suggests that meristematic activity occurs in a group of apical cells.
- However, as mentioned earlier, meristematic activity is not limited to a specific group of cells but occurs in various regions of the plant.
Option D: Apical & lateral cells only divide
- This option suggests that only the apical and lateral cells undergo cell division during the embryonic condition.
- However, in reality, all cells of the embryo, including both apical and lateral cells, participate in cell division.
Therefore, the correct option is A: All cells of the embryo divide. This option accurately reflects the process of cell division occurring in all cells during the embryonic condition in plants.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 14
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Which of the following plants grow by a single "apical cell" -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 14
Bryophyta
- Bryophyta, also known as the mosses, are a group of non-vascular plants.
- These plants have a simple body structure with a single apical cell for growth.
- The apical cell is located at the tip of the plant and is responsible for the production of new cells.
- The apical cell divides to form new cells that elongate and differentiate into different tissues.
- This single apical cell growth pattern is characteristic of Bryophyta and distinguishes them from other plant groups.
- In contrast, other plant groups such as monocots, dicots, and gymnosperms have more complex growth patterns with multiple apical cells.
- Monocots and dicots are flowering plants, and gymnosperms are seed-producing plants.
- These plant groups have different strategies for growth and development, including the presence of multiple apical cells.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Bryophyta.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 15
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The secondary meristem originates from -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 15
The secondary meristem originates from:


A: Promeristem
- Promeristem is the initial meristem that gives rise to primary meristem, not secondary meristem.


B: Primary meristem
- Primary meristem is responsible for the growth of primary tissues, not secondary tissues.


C: Permanent tissue
- The correct answer
- Permanent tissue refers to mature cells that have lost the ability to divide but can still perform specific functions.
- Some permanent tissues undergo cell division again and give rise to secondary meristem, which in turn produces secondary growth.
- Examples of permanent tissues that can give rise to secondary meristem include cork cambium and vascular cambium.


D: Secretory tissue
- Secretory tissue refers to tissues that produce and release substances such as oils, resins, and nectar.
- It is not directly involved in the formation of meristem.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 16
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Which of the following is secondary meristem -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 16
Secondary Meristem:
- Secondary meristem is a type of meristem that is responsible for secondary growth in plants.
- It is derived from the primary meristem and is responsible for the increase in girth or thickness of the plant.
- Secondary meristem produces secondary tissues such as secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and cork.
- The two main types of secondary meristem are vascular cambium and cork cambium.
Options:
A: Protoderm
- Protoderm is a primary meristem that gives rise to the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of cells in the plant.
- It is not a secondary meristem.
B: Procambium
- Procambium is a primary meristem that gives rise to the primary vascular tissues, namely primary xylem and primary phloem.
- It is not a secondary meristem.
C: Cork cambium
- Cork cambium is a secondary meristem that is responsible for the production of cork cells.
- Cork cambium is derived from the secondary meristem called phellogen.
- It is responsible for the formation of the protective outer layer of bark in woody plants.
D: All of the above
- This option is incorrect as only option C (Cork cambium) is a secondary meristem.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is C. Cork cambium is a secondary meristem responsible for the production of cork cells. The other options, A (Protoderm) and B (Procambium), are primary meristems.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 17
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The function of root cap is -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 17
Function of Root Cap:
The root cap is a specialized structure found at the tip of the root in plants. It serves several important functions, including:
1. Protection of Root Tip:
- The primary function of the root cap is to protect the delicate meristematic cells present at the root tip.
- It acts as a barrier against mechanical damage and helps in preventing the root from being harmed while penetrating the soil.
2. Control of Geotropic Movement:
- The root cap plays a crucial role in the control of geotropic movement, which is the growth of roots in response to gravity.
- It contains specialized cells called statocytes that sense the direction of gravity and help the root in growing downwards.
3. Lubrication:
- The root cap secretes a slimy substance called mucilage, which acts as a lubricant.
- This mucilage aids in the movement of the root through the soil, reducing friction and allowing the root to penetrate easily.
4. Perception of Environmental Signals:
- The root cap contains sensory cells that can perceive various environmental signals, such as light, moisture, and chemicals in the soil.
- These signals help the root in responding to changes in its surroundings and adjusting its growth accordingly.
5. Facilitation of Nutrient Uptake:
- While the root cap itself is not directly involved in nutrient absorption, it helps in facilitating nutrient uptake.
- The mucilage secreted by the root cap can bind to minerals and organic compounds in the soil, making them more accessible for absorption by the root hairs.
In conclusion, the root cap plays a vital role in protecting the root tip, controlling geotropic movement, lubricating the root, perceiving environmental signals, and facilitating nutrient uptake.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 18
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Tunica is a rib meristem because it divides in -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 18
Tunica as a Rib Meristem
The tunica is a type of meristem found in plants that is responsible for the growth of the plant's shoot and root apical meristems. It is characterized by its distinct layering and by dividing in specific planes.
Divisions in the Tunica
The tunica divides in the following planes:
1. Anticlinal plane: The tunica primarily divides in the anticlinal plane, which is perpendicular to the surface of the plant organ. This means that the cells divide parallel to the outer surface of the organ, resulting in the expansion and growth of the plant.
2. Periclinal plane: Although the tunica primarily divides in the anticlinal plane, it can also undergo divisions in the periclinal plane. These divisions occur parallel to the surface of the plant organ and are responsible for increasing the width and girth of the plant.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the tunica is a rib meristem that divides primarily in the anticlinal plane but can also undergo divisions in the periclinal plane. This allows for both the expansion and growth of the plant organ. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Anticlinal plane only.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 19
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In quiescent zone, DNA content is -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 19
Quiescent Zone and DNA Content:
Definition:
The quiescent zone refers to a phase in the cell cycle where cells are in a non-dividing state. It is a resting or dormant stage where cells temporarily stop dividing and enter a state of inactivity.
DNA Content in Quiescent Zone:
In the quiescent zone, the DNA content is relatively low compared to other stages of the cell cycle.
- Low DNA Content: The DNA content is reduced during the quiescent phase as cells do not undergo DNA replication.
- Absence of DNA Synthesis: Cells in the quiescent zone do not actively synthesize new DNA, resulting in a lower DNA content.
- Cell Cycle Arrest: The quiescent phase is characterized by a temporary arrest in the cell cycle, and DNA replication is paused.
- Differentiation and Specialization: Cells in the quiescent zone often undergo differentiation and specialize in performing specific functions without undergoing cell division.
Hence, the correct answer is B: Low.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 20
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The cells of a permanent tissue do not divide because these are -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 20
Explanation:
The cells of a permanent tissue do not divide because they are arrested at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Here is a detailed explanation for each option:
A: Dead
- Permanent tissues are living tissues, so this option is incorrect.
B: Enucleate
- Enucleate means without a nucleus. Permanent tissues do have nuclei, so this option is incorrect.
C: Arrested at G-1 stage
- The G1 stage is the first gap phase in the cell cycle where the cell prepares for DNA synthesis. In permanent tissues, the cells are arrested at this stage and do not proceed further in the cell cycle, resulting in a lack of cell division. This is the correct answer.
D: Arrested at prophase
- Prophase is a stage in the mitotic cell division process. Permanent tissues do not undergo mitotic cell division, so this option is incorrect.
To summarize, the cells of permanent tissues do not divide because they are arrested at the G1 stage of the cell cycle.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 21
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Plate meristem shows -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 21
Plate meristem shows the following characteristics:
Anticlinal divisions in two planes:
- The plate meristem undergoes anticlinal divisions, which means that the cell divisions occur perpendicular to the surface of the meristem.
- These divisions occur in two planes that are at right angles to each other.
- This allows for the growth and expansion of the meristem in multiple directions.
Periclinal divisions:
- Plate meristem does not undergo periclinal divisions.
- Periclinal divisions occur parallel to the surface of the meristem and result in the increase in width of the meristem.
- However, in plate meristem, the divisions are mainly anticlinal and occur in two planes.
Three-dimensional divisions:
- Plate meristem does not exhibit three-dimensional divisions.
- Three-dimensional divisions would involve divisions occurring in multiple planes, giving rise to a more complex structure.
- In plate meristem, the divisions occur in two planes, maintaining a relatively flat structure.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, plate meristem shows anticlinal divisions in two planes that are at right angles to each other. It does not exhibit periclinal divisions or three-dimensional divisions. These characteristics allow for the growth and expansion of the meristem in multiple directions while maintaining a relatively flat structure.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 22
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Plastochron is -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 22
Plastochron
The plastochron is the period between the initiation of two successive leaf primordia in plants. It is an important concept in plant development and growth. Here is a detailed explanation of plastochron:
Definition:
- Plastochron refers to the time interval between the initiation of two consecutive leaf primordia.
Key Points:
- Plastochron is a measure of the rate at which leaves are produced on a plant.
- It is an indicator of the plant's developmental stage and growth rate.
- The plastochron can vary among different plant species and even within the same plant under different environmental conditions.
- It is influenced by factors such as temperature, light intensity, nutrient availability, and genetic factors.
- The plastochron is often used in plant physiology and developmental biology research to study leaf initiation and growth patterns.
Importance:
- Understanding the plastochron helps in predicting the timing and pattern of leaf emergence in plants.
- It provides insights into plant growth and development processes.
- By studying the plastochron, researchers can gain knowledge about the factors that affect leaf initiation and the regulation of plant growth.
Conclusion:
The plastochron is the period between the initiation of two successive leaf primordia in plants. It is an important parameter in plant development and growth studies and provides insights into leaf initiation and plant growth processes.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 23
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A parenchyma cell which stores ergastic materials or waste substance is -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 23
Explanation:
1. Parenchyma Cells:
- Parenchyma cells are the most common type of plant cells and are found in various parts of the plant, such as leaves, stem, and roots.
- They have thin cell walls and large central vacuoles, which allow them to store various substances.
2. Ergastic Materials and Waste Substances:
- Ergastic materials are non-living substances that are produced and stored within the plant cells.
- These materials include substances like starch, proteins, oils, crystals, tannins, gums, resins, and pigments.
- Waste substances are metabolic by-products or toxins that need to be stored or removed from the cell.
3. Idioblast:
- An idioblast is a type of parenchyma cell that is specialized for the storage of ergastic materials or waste substances.
- They are often irregular in shape and have a distinct cell wall.
- The contents of idioblasts can vary depending on the plant species and the specific function of the cell.
4. Other Options:
- Phragmoblast: This term is not commonly used in plant biology and does not refer to a specific type of parenchyma cell.
- Conidioblast: Conidioblasts are specialized cells in fungi that produce and release asexual spores called conidia. They are not involved in the storage of ergastic materials or waste substances.
- Blastomere: Blastomeres are cells formed during the early stages of embryonic development in animals. They are not related to the storage of ergastic materials or waste substances in plant cells.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is option C: Idioblast. Parenchyma cells known as idioblasts are specialized for the storage of ergastic materials or waste substances in plants.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 24
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In plants, which of the following would most likely show totipotency -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 24
Explanation:
The most likely plant structure to show totipotency is the Meristem. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Xylem Vessels:
- Xylem vessels are responsible for transporting water and minerals in plants.
- They are specialized cells that have undergone differentiation and are unable to divide or differentiate into different cell types.
- Therefore, xylem vessels do not exhibit totipotency.
2. Meristem:
- Meristems are regions of undifferentiated cells that have the ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types.
- They are responsible for the growth and development of plants.
- Meristems can give rise to all types of plant tissues, including xylem, phloem, cork, and more.
- Due to their ability to continually divide and differentiate, meristems exhibit totipotency.
3. Cork:
- Cork is a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in older stems and roots of woody plants.
- Cork cells are dead at maturity and do not have the ability to divide or differentiate.
- Therefore, cork does not exhibit totipotency.
4. Sieve Tube:
- Sieve tubes are specialized cells found in the phloem tissue of plants.
- They are responsible for the translocation of sugars and other organic substances throughout the plant.
- Similar to xylem vessels, sieve tubes are differentiated cells and do not possess the ability to divide or differentiate.
- Hence, sieve tubes do not exhibit totipotency.
In conclusion, the plant structure that is most likely to show totipotency is the Meristem.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 25
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The tissue not having specifically thickened walls are -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 25

The tissue not having specifically thickened walls is Parenchyma.
Explanation:
Parenchyma is a type of simple permanent tissue found in plants. It is composed of thin-walled cells with a large central vacuole. These cells have protoplasts that perform various functions such as photosynthesis, storage, and secretion. The walls of parenchyma cells are not specifically thickened like other types of tissues.
On the other hand, the other options mentioned - Collenchyma, Fibres, and Sclereids - all have specifically thickened walls.
- Collenchyma: Collenchyma cells have unevenly thickened cell walls, especially at the corners. This tissue provides support to young plant organs.
- Fibres: Fibres are long, narrow cells with thickened walls. They provide mechanical strength to the plant.
- Sclereids: Sclereids are highly thickened cells with a hard, lignified secondary cell wall. They provide mechanical support and protection to the plant.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Parenchyma, as it is the only option that does not have specifically thickened walls.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 26
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Which of the following tissues form the main bulk of storage organ -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 26
Main Bulk of Storage Organ:
The tissue that forms the main bulk of a storage organ is parenchyma.
Explanation:
Parenchyma tissue is a simple and unspecialized type of plant tissue that consists of thin-walled cells with a large central vacuole. It is the most abundant and versatile type of tissue found in plants.
Here is why parenchyma tissue is responsible for forming the main bulk of a storage organ:
1. Storage capacity: Parenchyma cells have the ability to store various substances such as water, starch, oils, and proteins. They can accumulate and store these substances in their large central vacuoles, making them ideal for storage purposes.
2. Large intercellular spaces: Parenchyma tissue often contains large intercellular spaces between its cells. These spaces allow for the storage of gases and help in the movement of substances within the tissue.
3. Plasticity: Parenchyma cells have the ability to divide and differentiate into other specialized cell types when needed. This plasticity allows them to adapt and contribute to the growth and development of storage organs.
4. Metabolic activity: Parenchyma tissue is metabolically active and can undergo biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and synthesis of various substances. These metabolic activities contribute to the storage and utilization of nutrients in storage organs.
Overall, parenchyma tissue's storage capacity, large intercellular spaces, plasticity, and metabolic activity make it the primary tissue responsible for forming the main bulk of a storage organ.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 27
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Flesh of a fruit is mostly made up of -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 27
Flesh of a fruit is mostly made up of:

  • Parenchyma: Parenchyma cells are the main component of fruit flesh. They are alive, thin-walled, and have a large central vacuole.


The flesh of a fruit is responsible for its texture, juiciness, and taste. It provides the necessary nutrients and water for the development of seeds. Parenchyma cells make up the bulk of fruit flesh because of their specific characteristics.


Characteristics of Parenchyma cells:



  • They have thin walls, which allow for easy diffusion of substances.

  • They are alive and metabolically active, contributing to the storage and transport of nutrients.

  • They have a large central vacuole that can store water, sugars, and other substances.

  • They can undergo cell division and enlargement, allowing fruits to grow in size.

  • They can also undergo differentiation into specialized cells, such as those involved in pigment production or oil storage.


In conclusion, the flesh of a fruit is predominantly composed of parenchyma cells, which play a vital role in the development, structure, and function of the fruit.

MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 28
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Collenchyma is found in -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 28
Collenchyma is found in:
- Herbaceous climbers: Collenchyma tissue is commonly found in the stems of herbaceous climbers. These are plants that climb or creep along the ground or other structures using specialized structures, such as tendrils or twining stems, to support their growth. Examples of herbaceous climbers include grapevines and sweet peas.
- Hydrophytes: Hydrophytes are plants that are adapted to live in aquatic or waterlogged environments. Collenchyma tissue is not typically found in hydrophytes.
- Woody climbers: Collenchyma tissue is not commonly found in the stems of woody climbers. Woody climbers, such as ivy or wisteria, have specialized structures, such as aerial roots or twining stems, to support their growth.
- Xerophytes: Xerophytes are plants that are adapted to live in dry or arid environments. Collenchyma tissue is not typically found in xerophytes.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Herbaceous climbers.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 29
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A simple mechanical tissue devoid of lignin is -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 29
Simple Mechanical Tissue Devoid of Lignin:
A simple mechanical tissue devoid of lignin refers to a type of plant tissue that lacks lignin, a complex polymer that provides strength and rigidity to cell walls. In this case, the correct answer is B: Collenchyma.
Collenchyma:
- Collenchyma is a type of plant tissue that provides mechanical support to growing plant parts.
- It is composed of living cells with thickened primary cell walls.
- The primary cell walls of collenchyma cells contain cellulose and pectin but lack lignin, making them flexible and able to stretch as the plant grows.
- Collenchyma tissue can be found in various parts of the plant, including stems, leaf petioles, and the outer layers of young plants.
MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 30
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Collenchyma differs from sclerenchyma in -
Detailed Solution for MCQ (Practice) - Plant Anatomy (Level 1) - Question 30
Differences between Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma:
1. Retaining protoplasm at maturity:
- Collenchyma cells retain their protoplasm at maturity, meaning that they have living cytoplasm.
- Sclerenchyma cells, on the other hand, lack protoplasm at maturity and are dead cells.
2. Wall thickness:
- Collenchyma cells have unevenly thickened primary cell walls.
- Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified secondary cell walls, which provide strength and support to the plant.
3. Lumen size:
- Collenchyma cells have a wide lumen, which is the central space inside the cell.
- Sclerenchyma cells have a narrow lumen due to the deposition of secondary cell wall materials.
4. Meristematic nature:
- Collenchyma cells are not meristematic; they are derived from meristematic cells but have already undergone differentiation.
- Sclerenchyma cells are also non-meristematic and are derived from meristematic cells.
Summary:
Collenchyma and sclerenchyma are two types of plant cells that differ in terms of protoplasm retention at maturity, wall thickness, lumen size, and meristematic nature. Collenchyma cells retain protoplasm, have unevenly thickened primary walls, a wide lumen, and are non-meristematic. Sclerenchyma cells lack protoplasm, have thick secondary walls, a narrow lumen, and are also non-meristematic.
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