O.P Tandon Test: Chemistry in Everyday Life (Old NCERT) - Free MCQ

Morphine is the narcotic analgesic admininstered in medical doses. It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.

Penicilli is bactericidal. They kill susceptible bacterial by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall

Ca²⁺ ions present makes the water hard so detergents are used to wash clothes. Detergents contain sodium carbonate (NaCO₃) which has the power to remove calcium and magnesium ions in the hard water. When this NaCO₃ dissolves in water it gets split into Na and CO₃ . This CO₃ reacts with Ca and Mg ions to form calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) .

Tranquilizers are used for the treatment of stress and mental diseases. These affect the central nervous system and induce sleep in the patients. Tranquilizers are also called psychotherapeutic drugs.

Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) is used as an antioxidant. It retards the action of oxygen on the food material and thereby helps in preventing oxidative rancidity of fats.It itself get oxidized and prevent the food.

Penicillin Fungus was discovered by Alexander Flemming.

Oral contraceptive pills are either combined estrogen-progesterone(also called combined oral contraceptive pill- COC) or progesterone-only pill (POP). The most commonly prescribed pill is the combined hormonal pill with estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone is the hormone that prevents pregnancy, and the estrogen component controls menstrual bleeding.

Pencillin causes allergic reactions.

Non-biodegradable detergents are defined as the type of detergent that has a branched hydrocarbon chain. These are known as non-biodegradable because bacteria cannot act on them. These are one of the sources of pollution. Cetyl methyl ammonium bromide is an example of non-biodegradable.

The drug named Cimetidine (Tagamet) was designed which prevented the interaction between histamine and the receptors on the stomach wall. As a result, secretion of the hydrochloric acid decreases.

Norethindrone is synthetic infertility drug. Norethindrone is a form of progesterone, a female hormone important for regulating ovulation and menstruation. Norethindrone is used for birth control (contraception) to prevent pregnancy. Norethindrone is also used to treat menstrual disorders, endometriosis, or abnormal vaginal bleeding caused by a hormone imbalance.

Barbiturates are important class of Tranquilisers.  Barbiturates affect your brain by increasing a brain chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which slows down the activity of your brain cells.

Cimetidine is an antacids as they control the root cause of acidity These drugs prevent the interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach walls Consequently there is a decrease in the amount of acid release by the stomach 

Anti – histamines stop allergic reactions by competing with histamine for binding sites of histamine receptor.

Sodium saccharin (benzoic sulfimide) is an artificial sweetener with effectively no food energy. It is about 300–400 times as sweet as sucrose but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations. Saccharin is used to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, cookies, and medicines.

Depending on the intended application of the soap, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is generally used as an alkali. If potassium hydroxide is used, it produces a more water-soluble product than its sodium-based counterpart, and is thus often called “soft soap”.

Scum formation happens in hard water. It can be avoided by adding water softners or by using detergents.

Colloidal soap is precipitated by adding NaCl. Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponficiation because hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.

Chloramphenicol treats typhoid, dysentery, acute fever, meningitis etc.,as it is Bacteriostatic and broad spectrum antibiotic.

Anti-depressant drugs are needed to cure this problem. They inhibit enzymes that catalyze noradrenaline degradation. Hence, the metabolism of noradrenaline is slowed down and the neurotransmitter can activate its receptor for longer periods of time. Iproniazid and phenelzine are two such drugs.

Sulpha drugs is given to treat people who are allergic to pencillin.

NaHCO₃ is basic and it increases ph above neutrality.

Both option b and d are correct. Enzyme inhibitors drugs can block the binding site of the enzyme and prevent the binding of substrate, or can inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

Liquid dishwashing agents are non ionic detergents. Since the detergent does not have any ionic groups, it does not react with hard water ions but can remove grease and oil by micelle formation.

Cimetidine,zantac and ranitidine are antacids as they control the root cause of acidity These drugs prevent the interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach walls Consequently there is a decrease in the amount of acid release by the stomach