Important Questions (1 mark): Life Lines of National Economy - Class 10 MCQ

Transport system
- The means for the movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations is referred to as the transport system.
- The transport system plays a crucial role in the supply chain and distribution of goods and services.
- It involves the physical movement of products from manufacturers or suppliers to retailers or consumers.
- The transport system includes various modes of transportation such as road, rail, air, and sea.
- Each mode of transportation has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of mode depends on factors such as cost, distance, time sensitivity, and type of goods.
- Efficient transportation systems are essential for economic growth and development, as they facilitate trade and commerce.
- The transport system also includes supporting infrastructure such as roads, highways, railways, ports, and airports.
- Technology and logistics management play a significant role in optimizing the transport system and improving efficiency.
- A well-functioning transport system ensures timely delivery of goods and services to meet customer demand.
- It helps in reducing transportation costs, improving accessibility, and reducing environmental impacts.
- Overall, the transport system is a critical component of the supply chain and plays a vital role in connecting supply locations with demand locations.

The East-West Corridor is part of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) in India, and it connects Silchar in Assam in the eastern part of India to Porbandar in Gujarat in the western part of India. The Golden Quadrilateral is a network of four-lane highways connecting the major cities of India, and the East-West Corridor is a significant component of this project. Therefore, the correct answer is option (a) - Assam.

The correct option is B.
Trails and footpaths were the only means of communication in the Himalayas. Although those continue to be important, especially in the more remote locations, road transport now has made the Himalayas accessible from both north and south.

Primary Road Systems of Our Country:
There are several primary road systems in our country that are crucial for transportation and connectivity. The main ones include:
National Highways:
- National Highways form the backbone of the road network in our country.
- They are maintained and managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).
- These highways connect major cities, capitals, and important economic hubs across the country.
- They have a high capacity for traffic and are built to national standards.
State Highways:
- State Highways are maintained and managed by the respective state governments.
- They connect important cities and towns within a particular state.
- State Highways are crucial for intra-state transportation and are usually wider and better maintained than district roads.
District Roads:
- District Roads are maintained and managed by the district administrations.
- They connect villages, towns, and smaller cities within a district.
- These roads are important for local transportation and providing connectivity to remote areas.
Border Roads:
- Border Roads are strategic roads constructed and maintained by the Border Roads Organization (BRO).
- These roads are crucial for maintaining and enhancing connectivity in border areas.
- Border Roads help in facilitating the movement of troops, supplies, and development activities in border regions.
In conclusion, the primary road systems of our country include National Highways, State Highways, District Roads, and Border Roads. These road networks play a vital role in connecting various parts of the country, promoting trade and transportation, and ensuring overall development.

Answer:
The National Highway No.1 is known by the following name:
- Sher Shah Suri Marg
Explanation:
The National Highway No.1 in India is also known as Sher Shah Suri Marg. It is a major north-south highway that stretches from Delhi to Attari in Punjab. This highway is named after Sher Shah Suri, who was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India during the 16th century. Sher Shah Suri Marg is an important road link that connects the capital city of Delhi with various towns and cities in Punjab, including Amritsar. It is a well-maintained and busy highway that facilitates the movement of goods and passengers between Delhi and Punjab.

The longest highway in India is NH7 which stretches from Varansi in Uttar Pradesh to Kanyakumari in the southern most point of Indian mainland. 

Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana and the Types of Roads:
Under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana, special impetus was given to the development of rural roads. The scheme aimed at providing all-weather road connectivity to rural areas, especially in remote and inaccessible regions. The focus was on connecting villages with important rural facilities like schools, hospitals, and markets.
The types of roads that received special attention under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana are as follows:
1. Rural Roads: The main objective of the scheme was to improve the connectivity of rural areas by constructing and upgrading rural roads. These roads are crucial for the socio-economic development of rural communities.
2. District Roads: The Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana also aimed at upgrading and maintaining district roads. These roads connect district headquarters with various rural areas and play a significant role in facilitating transportation and accessibility.
The scheme primarily focused on rural roads and district roads to enhance connectivity and promote rural development. While national highways and state highways are important for overall transportation infrastructure, they were not specifically targeted under this scheme.
In conclusion, the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana provided special impetus to the development of rural roads and district roads, aiming to improve connectivity and promote rural development in India.

To find the state with a much higher road density of 375 km, we will compare the density of roads in each state with the national average.
1. Jammu and Kashmir:
- Density of roads: Unknown
- Comparison: Cannot determine if it has a much higher road density.
2. Arunachal Pradesh:
- Density of roads: Unknown
- Comparison: Cannot determine if it has a much higher road density.
3. Rajasthan:
- Density of roads: Unknown
- Comparison: Cannot determine if it has a much higher road density.
4. Kerala:
- Density of roads: Unknown
- Comparison: Cannot determine if it has a much higher road density.
Since we do not have the density of roads for any of the states, we cannot determine which state has a much higher road density based on the information given.

Answer:
The first train in India started its journey between Mumbai and Thane in 1853. Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
Background Information:
- The first railway line in India was laid by the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) company.
- The line was constructed under the guidance of engineer George Clark.
Details:
- The first train in India ran between Mumbai (then known as Bombay) and Thane.
- The train started its journey on April 16, 1853.
- The distance between Mumbai and Thane is approximately 34 kilometers.
- The train covered this distance in around 57 minutes.
Significance of the Journey:
- The first train journey in India marked the beginning of the railway era in the country.
- It was a significant milestone in the development of transportation infrastructure in India.
- The railway network expanded rapidly after this, connecting different parts of the country.
Impact:
- The introduction of railways revolutionized transportation in India.
- It facilitated the movement of goods and people across long distances.
- It played a crucial role in the economic development of the country.
Conclusion:
The first train in India began its journey between Mumbai and Thane in 1853. This event marked the beginning of a new era in transportation and had a profound impact on India's development.

Busiest Railway Junction in Northern India
The busiest railway junction in Northern India is New Delhi.
Here is a detailed explanation:
1. New Delhi: New Delhi is the capital city of India and has the busiest railway junction in Northern India. It is a major transportation hub connecting various parts of the country.
2. Ambala: Ambala is a city in Haryana, known for its military cantonment. While it is an important railway junction, it is not the busiest in Northern India.
3. Lucknow: Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh and has a well-connected railway network. However, it is not the busiest railway junction in Northern India.
4. Amritsar: Amritsar is a city in Punjab, known for its religious significance and the Golden Temple. Though it has a bustling railway station, it is not the busiest junction in Northern India.
In conclusion, the busiest railway junction in Northern India is New Delhi. It serves as a major transportation hub connecting various parts of the country and witnesses a high volume of train traffic.

The correct answer is A as kolkata  is the headquarter for the South-Eastern Railway and Eastern Railway Zones.

Crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas are transported through various means of transportation. The most common method used for transporting these resources is through pipelines.
Pipelines:
- Pipelines are a network of interconnected pipes that transport liquids and gases over long distances.
- They are the safest and most efficient way to transport crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas.
- Pipelines can transport large volumes of oil and gas, making them ideal for long-distance transportation.
- They are cost-effective and have a lower environmental impact compared to other means of transportation.
Other means of transportation that are used to transport crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas include:
Roadways:
- Tanker trucks are used to transport small quantities of oil and gas over short distances.
- Roadways are commonly used for local transportation and delivery of petroleum products.
Railways:
- Rail tank cars are used to transport larger quantities of oil and gas over longer distances.
- Railways are commonly used for intercity transportation of petroleum products.
Waterways:
- Tankers and barges are used to transport large quantities of oil and gas over long distances.
- Waterways, such as rivers, canals, and seas, are commonly used for international transportation of petroleum products.
In conclusion, while roadways, railways, and waterways are used to transport crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas, pipelines are the primary and most efficient means of transportation for these resources.

The correct answer is A as  There are three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.  From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has branches from Barauni to Haldia, via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.

Waterways is the most fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport among the options given.
Explanation:
1. Fuel efficiency:
- Waterways, such as rivers, canals, and oceans, provide a natural infrastructure for transportation, requiring minimal energy for propulsion.
- Ships and boats can transport a large amount of cargo or passengers using relatively small amounts of fuel compared to other modes of transport.
- Waterways allow for the use of efficient engines and propellers, contributing to fuel efficiency.
2. Environment friendly:
- Water transportation produces lower emissions compared to other modes. Ships and boats generally emit less greenhouse gases per ton of cargo compared to trucks, airplanes, or trains.
- Waterways have less impact on land ecosystems as they do not require extensive construction or deforestation.
- Water transportation also reduces traffic congestion on roads, leading to lower air pollution in urban areas.
3. Economic benefits:
- Waterways can be a cost-effective mode of transport for bulky goods over long distances, reducing transportation costs for businesses and consumers.
- Water transportation can support trade and economic development by providing access to remote areas and connecting different regions.
In summary, waterways are fuel efficient, environmentally friendly, and economically advantageous, making them the best choice among the given options.

The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was established on May 7, 1960. The primary purpose of the BRO is to develop and maintain road infrastructure in India's border areas, especially in the northern and northeastern regions. These roads are of strategic importance for the defense forces and for the overall connectivity of these remote and challenging terrains. Therefore, the correct answer is option (c) - 1960.

India's Trade Volume and Transportation Routes:

• India's trade volume: India is one of the largest trading nations in the world, with a significant volume of trade being conducted both domestically and internationally.


• Transportation routes: Various transportation routes are utilized to facilitate the movement of goods within and outside the country. The question asks about the transportation routes through which 95 percent of India's trade volume (68 percent in terms of value) is carried on.

Possible Transportation Routes:

• Roadways: Roadways are an important mode of transportation in India, with an extensive network of national and state highways connecting different parts of the country. However, it is not the primary route for the majority of India's trade volume.


• Railways: Railways play a crucial role in transporting goods across the country. India has one of the largest railway networks in the world, and it is an efficient mode of transportation for bulk goods. However, it is not the primary route for the majority of India's trade volume.


• Sea routes: India has a long coastline of approximately 7,500 kilometers, making sea routes a vital transportation mode for both domestic and international trade. Sea routes are used extensively for the movement of goods, especially for long distances. This is the correct answer as 95 percent of India's trade volume is carried on through sea routes.


• Inland waterways: Inland waterways, such as rivers and canals, are another mode of transportation in India. While they have the potential to be developed further, they are not currently the primary route for the majority of India's trade volume.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Sea routes.

The first port to be developed soon after Independence:
The correct answer is D: Kandla. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction:
After India gained its independence in 1947, the country focused on developing its infrastructure, including ports, to facilitate trade and economic growth. One of the first ports to be developed during this time was Kandla.
2. Kandla Port:
Kandla Port is located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India. It was established in 1950 as the first all-weather port in the country. The port was developed to cater to the needs of the growing trade and industrial activities in the region.
3. Importance:
Kandla Port played a crucial role in boosting India's international trade. It provided a gateway for the import and export of various commodities, including petroleum, chemicals, iron ore, coal, and textiles. The port's strategic location on the western coast of India made it easily accessible for trade with countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.
4. Growth and Expansion:
Over the years, Kandla Port has witnessed significant growth and expansion. It has been modernized and equipped with advanced infrastructure and facilities to handle larger vessels and increase cargo handling capacity. The port has multiple terminals for different types of cargo, including bulk, container, and liquid cargo.
5. Special Economic Zone:
Kandla Port also houses a Special Economic Zone (SEZ), which promotes industrial development and exports. The SEZ provides various incentives and benefits to businesses, attracting both domestic and international investments.
6. Conclusion:
In summary, Kandla was the first port to be developed soon after India's independence. It played a vital role in facilitating international trade and promoting economic growth in the country. Over the years, the port has grown and expanded, becoming a major hub for trade and industrial activities.

It is the second largest port in terms of volume of traffic handled and is the oldest artificial harbour on the east coast of India. It handles petroleum products, crude oil, fertilisers, iron ore and dry cargo.

Answer:
The largest type of communication service in India is the Postal network.
Explanation:
Here are the details explaining why the postal network is the largest communication service in India:
- Extent: India has the largest postal network in the world, with over 1,55,015 post offices (as of March 2018). This extensive network covers both rural and urban areas, ensuring widespread accessibility.
- Reach: The postal network reaches the remotest corners of the country, making it an essential communication service for both individuals and businesses. It provides services like mail delivery, money transfer, retail services, and other value-added services.
- Volume of operations: The postal network in India handles a vast volume of operations daily. It processes and delivers millions of letters, parcels, and other postal items across the country.
- Government support: The Indian postal service is operated by the Department of Posts, which is a part of the Ministry of Communications. The government's support and investment in the postal network contribute to its large-scale operations.
- Long-standing presence: The postal network in India has a long-standing presence, with its roots dating back to the British era. Over the years, it has evolved to meet the changing communication needs of the country's population.
Therefore, based on the above points, it is evident that the postal network is the largest communication service in India and holds this distinction globally as well.

Meaning of Personal Communication:
Personal communication refers to the exchange of information, ideas, and thoughts between individuals on a one-to-one basis. It involves direct interaction and interaction through personal devices.
Options for Personal Communication:
Out of the given options, the means of personal communication is:
Mobile phones:
- Mobile phones are personal devices that allow individuals to communicate with each other through voice calls, text messages, and various messaging applications.
- They provide a direct and instant means of communication between individuals, regardless of their location.
- Mobile phones also offer additional features such as video calls, file sharing, and social media applications, enhancing the scope of personal communication.
Other Options:
- Television: Television is a means of mass communication that broadcasts content to a wide audience. It does not facilitate personal communication between individuals.
- Radio: Similar to television, radio is a medium of mass communication that broadcasts content to a large number of listeners. It does not enable personal communication.
- Internet: The internet is a vast network that allows individuals to access information, communicate, and share content. While it facilitates various forms of communication, it is not solely limited to personal communication.
Conclusion:
Out of the given options, mobile phones are the means of personal communication. They provide individuals with a direct and instant way to communicate with each other on a personal level.