Test: The Female Reproductive System (November 2) - NEET MCQ

Mammary glands or breasts are modified sweat glands that lie over the pectoral muscles. Each breast has a broad multiporous tip called nipple for the release of milk. A circular pigmented area called areola lies below it. Each breast contains 15-20 glandular lobes separated from one another by dense connective tissue and adipose tissue. Each lobe is further made of several lobules having glandular or secretory alveoli. The cells of alveoli produce milk which is stored in the cavities or lumens of alveoli. Alveoli open into mammary tubules and then into mammary ducts. Mammary ducts form a mammary ampulla from which a lactiferous duct develops. Each lobe produces a separate lactiferous duct. The various lactiferous ducts open at the nipple by separate pores.

- The Assertion (A) is true because all female mammals indeed have functional mammary glands necessary for producing milk for their offspring.

- The Reason (R) is also true as it accurately describes the structure and function of mammary glands, indicating that they contain glandular tissue which is involved in milk production.

- The reason is the correct explanation of the assertion, as it provides a clear understanding of why the assertion holds true. The presence of glandular tissue is fundamental to the functionality of mammary glands in lactation among female mammals.

Statement 1 is correct as the fimbriae are finger-like projections that help in the collection of the ovum from the ovary after ovulation. Statement 2 is incorrect; the clitoris is located at the upper junction of the labia minora, not the lower junction of the labia majora. Therefore, only Statement 1 is correct.

Statement 1 is correct as the ovaries indeed produce the female gamete (ovum) and several steroid hormones. Statement 2 is incorrect because the uterus comprises three layers of tissue: the external perimetrium, the middle myometrium, and the inner endometrium. The endometrium is the layer that undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle, not a single layer. Hence, only Statement 1 is correct.

Lower end of uterus is called cervix that opens into vagina.

In the given figure, A is cervix, B is vagina, C is Uterus, D is urinary bladder, E is clitoris and F is vanginal orifice

Both statements are correct. The first statement accurately describes the function of the ovaries, which are responsible for producing ova (female gametes) and various ovarian hormones. The second statement is also correct, as the fimbriae are finger-like projections at the edge of the infundibulum that assist in capturing the ovum after it is released from the ovary during ovulation. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: Both 1 and 2.

The first statement is correct as the uterus indeed consists of three layers: the outer perimetrium, the middle myometrium which is muscular, and the inner endometrium that lines the cavity and undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle. The second statement is incorrect because the cervix is not the widest part; it is actually a narrow passage that connects the uterus to the vagina. Thus, the correct answer is Option A: 1 Only.

The female external genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris.