Test: Common Diseases in Humans (January 4) - NEET MCQ

Salmonella typhi, a rod shaped bacterium causes typhoid.. It is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Symptoms of this disease are fever, abdominal pain, weakness and loss of appetite

DPT vaccine is for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. The patient suffering from typhoid is required to be treated with antibiotics as it is a bacterial disease.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasite. It has two hosts to complete its life cycle. Female Anopheles mosquito is the primary host in which the sexual phase of the parasite occurs. Human being is the secondary host in which the asexual phase of the parasite occurs.

Ringworms or tinea is caused by the fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. Appearance of dry, scaly lesions with itching on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp are the main symptoms of ringworm. The infection is generally acquired from soil or by using towels, clothes or even the comb of infected persons.

Ascaris is an endoparasite of the small intestine. A large number of adult Ascaris worms normally obstruct the intestinal passage and thereby cause abdominal discomfort and colic pain. Other symptoms include impaired digestion, diarrhoea and vomiting. Ascaris's eggs are excreted along with the faeces of infected person.

In response to antibiotics, bacteria develop mutant strains that become resistant to these antibiotics. Thus these antibiotics become incapable against bacterial mediated diseases.

Hepatitis B is a viral disease, transmitted through both blood transfusion and sexual intercourse.

Malarial parasite requires two hosts - humans and mosquitoes to complete its life cycle. Mosquito acts as a primary host and human acts as a secondary host. Haemozoin is a toxic substance produced by the rupturing of red blood cells.

Pneumonia is caused by bacteria, streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. It is serious disease of lungs infecting alveoli and bronchioles. It is a communicable disease. Common cold  is a viral disease caused by Rhino virus.

When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, Plasmodium enters the mosquito's body and undergoes further development. The parasites multiply within them to form sporozoites that are stored in their salivary glands.