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Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Humanities/Arts MCQ


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12 Questions MCQ Test Geography Class 11 - Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions

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Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 1

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The distribution of matter and energy was not even in the early universe. These initial density differences gave rise to differences in gravitational forces and it caused the matter to get drawn together. These formed the bases for development of galaxies. A galaxy contains a large number of stars. Galaxies spread over vast distances that are measured in thousands of light-years. The diameters of individual galaxies range from 80,000-150,000 light years. A galaxy starts to form by accumulation of hydrogen gas in the form of a very large cloud called nebula. Eventually, growing nebula develops localised clumps of gas. These clumps continue to grow into even denser gaseous bodies, giving rise to formation of stars. The formation of stars is believed to have taken place some 5-6 billion years ago. A light year is a measure of distance and not of time. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/second. Considering this, the distances the light will travel in one year is taken to be one light year. This equals to 9.461 × 1012 km. The mean distance between the sun and the earth is 149,598,000 km. In terms of light years, it is 8.311 minutes. Our Solar system consists of eight planets. The nebula from which our Solar system is supposed to have been formed, started its collapse and core formation some time 5-5.6 billion years ago and the planets were formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Our solar system consists of the sun (the star), 8 planets, 63 moons, millions of smaller bodies like asteroids and comets and huge quantity of dust grains and gases. Out of the eight planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called as the inner planets as they lie between the sun and the belt of asteroids. The other four planets are called the outer planets. Alternatively, the first four are called Terrestrial, meaning earthlike as they are made up of rock and metals, and have relatively high densities. The rest four are called Jovian or Gas Giant planets. Jovian means Jupiter-like. Most of them are much larger than the terrestrial planets and have thick atmosphere, mostly of helium and hydrogen. All the planets were formed in the same period sometime about 4.6 billion years ago. Till recently (August 2006), Pluto was also considered a planet. However, in a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, a decision was taken that Pluto like other celestial objects (2003 UB313) discovered in recent past may be called ‘dwarf planet.

Q. A galaxy contains a large number of:

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 1
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. It is estimated that there are at least 1 trillion (i.e. 100 billion) stars in the Milky Way, but the number is likely to be between 4 and 5 trillion (ie 400 to 500 billion).
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 2

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The distribution of matter and energy was not even in the early universe. These initial density differences gave rise to differences in gravitational forces and it caused the matter to get drawn together. These formed the bases for development of galaxies. A galaxy contains a large number of stars. Galaxies spread over vast distances that are measured in thousands of light-years. The diameters of individual galaxies range from 80,000-150,000 light years. A galaxy starts to form by accumulation of hydrogen gas in the form of a very large cloud called nebula. Eventually, growing nebula develops localised clumps of gas. These clumps continue to grow into even denser gaseous bodies, giving rise to formation of stars. The formation of stars is believed to have taken place some 5-6 billion years ago. A light year is a measure of distance and not of time. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/second. Considering this, the distances the light will travel in one year is taken to be one light year. This equals to 9.461 × 1012 km. The mean distance between the sun and the earth is 149,598,000 km. In terms of light years, it is 8.311 minutes. Our Solar system consists of eight planets. The nebula from which our Solar system is supposed to have been formed, started its collapse and core formation some time 5-5.6 billion years ago and the planets were formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Our solar system consists of the sun (the star), 8 planets, 63 moons, millions of smaller bodies like asteroids and comets and huge quantity of dust grains and gases. Out of the eight planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called as the inner planets as they lie between the sun and the belt of asteroids. The other four planets are called the outer planets. Alternatively, the first four are called Terrestrial, meaning earthlike as they are made up of rock and metals, and have relatively high densities. The rest four are called Jovian or Gas Giant planets. Jovian means Jupiter-like. Most of them are much larger than the terrestrial planets and have thick atmosphere, mostly of helium and hydrogen. All the planets were formed in the same period sometime about 4.6 billion years ago. Till recently (August 2006), Pluto was also considered a planet. However, in a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, a decision was taken that Pluto like other celestial objects (2003 UB313) discovered in recent past may be called ‘dwarf planet.

Q. How is one light year measured?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 2
A light-second is the distance light travels in one second, or 7.5 times the distance around Earth’s equator. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year.
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Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 3

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The distribution of matter and energy was not even in the early universe. These initial density differences gave rise to differences in gravitational forces and it caused the matter to get drawn together. These formed the bases for development of galaxies. A galaxy contains a large number of stars. Galaxies spread over vast distances that are measured in thousands of light-years. The diameters of individual galaxies range from 80,000-150,000 light years. A galaxy starts to form by accumulation of hydrogen gas in the form of a very large cloud called nebula. Eventually, growing nebula develops localised clumps of gas. These clumps continue to grow into even denser gaseous bodies, giving rise to formation of stars. The formation of stars is believed to have taken place some 5-6 billion years ago. A light year is a measure of distance and not of time. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/second. Considering this, the distances the light will travel in one year is taken to be one light year. This equals to 9.461 × 1012 km. The mean distance between the sun and the earth is 149,598,000 km. In terms of light years, it is 8.311 minutes. Our Solar system consists of eight planets. The nebula from which our Solar system is supposed to have been formed, started its collapse and core formation some time 5-5.6 billion years ago and the planets were formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Our solar system consists of the sun (the star), 8 planets, 63 moons, millions of smaller bodies like asteroids and comets and huge quantity of dust grains and gases. Out of the eight planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called as the inner planets as they lie between the sun and the belt of asteroids. The other four planets are called the outer planets. Alternatively, the first four are called Terrestrial, meaning earthlike as they are made up of rock and metals, and have relatively high densities. The rest four are called Jovian or Gas Giant planets. Jovian means Jupiter-like. Most of them are much larger than the terrestrial planets and have thick atmosphere, mostly of helium and hydrogen. All the planets were formed in the same period sometime about 4.6 billion years ago. Till recently (August 2006), Pluto was also considered a planet. However, in a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, a decision was taken that Pluto like other celestial objects (2003 UB313) discovered in recent past may be called ‘dwarf planet.

Q. Why is Pluto not considered as a planet?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 3
Pluto is now classified as a dwarf planet because, while it is large enough to have become spherical, it is not big enough to exert its orbital dominance and clear the neighborhood surrounding its orbit.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 4

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The distribution of matter and energy was not even in the early universe. These initial density differences gave rise to differences in gravitational forces and it caused the matter to get drawn together. These formed the bases for development of galaxies. A galaxy contains a large number of stars. Galaxies spread over vast distances that are measured in thousands of light-years. The diameters of individual galaxies range from 80,000-150,000 light years. A galaxy starts to form by accumulation of hydrogen gas in the form of a very large cloud called nebula. Eventually, growing nebula develops localised clumps of gas. These clumps continue to grow into even denser gaseous bodies, giving rise to formation of stars. The formation of stars is believed to have taken place some 5-6 billion years ago. A light year is a measure of distance and not of time. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/second. Considering this, the distances the light will travel in one year is taken to be one light year. This equals to 9.461 × 1012 km. The mean distance between the sun and the earth is 149,598,000 km. In terms of light years, it is 8.311 minutes. Our Solar system consists of eight planets. The nebula from which our Solar system is supposed to have been formed, started its collapse and core formation some time 5-5.6 billion years ago and the planets were formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Our solar system consists of the sun (the star), 8 planets, 63 moons, millions of smaller bodies like asteroids and comets and huge quantity of dust grains and gases. Out of the eight planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called as the inner planets as they lie between the sun and the belt of asteroids. The other four planets are called the outer planets. Alternatively, the first four are called Terrestrial, meaning earthlike as they are made up of rock and metals, and have relatively high densities. The rest four are called Jovian or Gas Giant planets. Jovian means Jupiter-like. Most of them are much larger than the terrestrial planets and have thick atmosphere, mostly of helium and hydrogen. All the planets were formed in the same period sometime about 4.6 billion years ago. Till recently (August 2006), Pluto was also considered a planet. However, in a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, a decision was taken that Pluto like other celestial objects (2003 UB313) discovered in recent past may be called ‘dwarf planet.

Q. Our solar system consists of the sun (the star), _______planets, __________ moons, millions of smaller bodies like asteroids and comets and huge quantity of dust grains and gases

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 4
Our Solar system consists of eight planets. Our solar system consists of the sun (the star), 8 planets, 63 moons, millions of smaller bodies like asteroids and comets and huge quantity of dust-grains and gases.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 5

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The last phase in the evolution of the Earth relates to the origin and evolution of life. It is undoubtedly clear that initially the earth or even the atmosphere of the earth was not conducive for the development of life. Modern scientists refer to the origin of life as a kind of chemical reaction, which first generated complex organic molecules and assembled them. This assemblage was such that they could duplicate themselves converting inanimate matter into living substance. The record of life that existed on this planet in different periods is found in rocks in the form of fossils. The microscopic structures closely related to the present form of blue algae have been found in geological formations much older than some 3,000 million years. It can be assumed that life began to evolve sometime 3,800 million years ago.

Q. The origin and evolution of life is related to which phase of evolution of Earth?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 5
Undoubtedly, the early Earth's atmosphere was not conducive to the development of life. Modern scientists describe the origin of life as a kind of chemical process, in which first organic molecules were formed, then they were formed, this process continued continuously and finally this non-living matter was converted into living elements.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 6

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The last phase in the evolution of the Earth relates to the origin and evolution of life. It is undoubtedly clear that initially the earth or even the atmosphere of the earth was not conducive for the development of life. Modern scientists refer to the origin of life as a kind of chemical reaction, which first generated complex organic molecules and assembled them. This assemblage was such that they could duplicate themselves converting inanimate matter into living substance. The record of life that existed on this planet in different periods is found in rocks in the form of fossils. The microscopic structures closely related to the present form of blue algae have been found in geological formations much older than some 3,000 million years. It can be assumed that life began to evolve sometime 3,800 million years ago.

Q. It can be assumed that life began to __________ sometime 3,800 million years ago.

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 6
The microscopic structures closely related to the present form of blue algae have been found in geological formations that are much older than these were some 3,000 million years ago. It can be assumed that life began to evolve sometime 3,800 million years ago.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 7

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The last phase in the evolution of the Earth relates to the origin and evolution of life. It is undoubtedly clear that initially the earth or even the atmosphere of the earth was not conducive for the development of life. Modern scientists refer to the origin of life as a kind of chemical reaction, which first generated complex organic molecules and assembled them. This assemblage was such that they could duplicate themselves converting inanimate matter into living substance. The record of life that existed on this planet in different periods is found in rocks in the form of fossils. The microscopic structures closely related to the present form of blue algae have been found in geological formations much older than some 3,000 million years. It can be assumed that life began to evolve sometime 3,800 million years ago.

Q. Origin of life is considered as a ___________ reaction.

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 7
The chemical origin of life refers to the conditions that might have existed and therefore promoted the first replicating life forms. It considers the physical and chemical reactions that could have led to early replicator molecules.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 8

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The last phase in the evolution of the Earth relates to the origin and evolution of life. It is undoubtedly clear that initially the earth or even the atmosphere of the earth was not conducive for the development of life. Modern scientists refer to the origin of life as a kind of chemical reaction, which first generated complex organic molecules and assembled them. This assemblage was such that they could duplicate themselves converting inanimate matter into living substance. The record of life that existed on this planet in different periods is found in rocks in the form of fossils. The microscopic structures closely related to the present form of blue algae have been found in geological formations much older than some 3,000 million years. It can be assumed that life began to evolve sometime 3,800 million years ago.

Q. Where can the record of life that existed on this planet be found?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 8
Rocks tell us a great deal about the Earth's history. Igneous rocks tell of past volcanic episodes and can also be used to age-date certain periods in the past. Sedimentary rocks often record past depositional environments (e.g deep ocean, shallow shelf, fluvial) and usually contain the most fossils from past ages.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 9

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth. Like the origin of the earth, there have been attempts to explain how the moon was formed. In 1838, Sir George Darwin suggested that initially, the earth and the moon formed a single rapidly rotating body. The whole mass became a dumbbell-shaped body and eventually it broke. It was also suggested that the material forming the moon was separated from what we have at present the depression occupied by the Pacific Ocean.

However, the present scientists do not accept either of the explanations. It is now generally believed that the formation of moon, as a satellite of the earth, is an outcome of “giant impact” or what is described as “the big splat”. A body of the size of one to three times that of Mars collided into the earth sometime shortly after the earth was formed. It blasted a large part of the earth into space. This portion of blasted material then continued to orbit the earth and eventually formed into the present moon about 4.44 billion years ago.

Q. Early theory suggested that the Earth and the Moon formed a single rapidly rotating body.

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 9

Early theory suggested that the Earth and the Moon formed a single rapidly rotating body is True. Sir George Darwin's early theory suggested that the Earth and the Moon formed a single rapidly rotating body that eventually separated to form two distinct celestial bodies.

Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 10

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth. Like the origin of the earth, there have been attempts to explain how the moon was formed. In 1838, Sir George Darwin suggested that initially, the earth and the moon formed a single rapidly rotating body. The whole mass became a dumbbell-shaped body and eventually it broke. It was also suggested that the material forming the moon was separated from what we have at present the depression occupied by the Pacific Ocean.

However, the present scientists do not accept either of the explanations. It is now generally believed that the formation of moon, as a satellite of the earth, is an outcome of “giant impact” or what is described as “the big splat”. A body of the size of one to three times that of Mars collided into the earth sometime shortly after the earth was formed. It blasted a large part of the earth into space. This portion of blasted material then continued to orbit the earth and eventually formed into the present moon about 4.44 billion years ago.

Q. During a collision between the Earth and another small planet, about the size of one to three times of Mars, the debris from this impact collected in an orbit around Earth and eventually formed the _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 10
Known as Theia, the Mars-sized body collided with Earth, throwing vaporized chunks of the young planet's crust into space. Gravity bound the ejected particles together, creating a moon that is the largest in the solar system in relation to its host planet.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 11

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth. Like the origin of the earth, there have been attempts to explain how the moon was formed. In 1838, Sir George Darwin suggested that initially, the earth and the moon formed a single rapidly rotating body. The whole mass became a dumbbell-shaped body and eventually it broke. It was also suggested that the material forming the moon was separated from what we have at present the depression occupied by the Pacific Ocean.

However, the present scientists do not accept either of the explanations. It is now generally believed that the formation of moon, as a satellite of the earth, is an outcome of “giant impact” or what is described as “the big splat”. A body of the size of one to three times that of Mars collided into the earth sometime shortly after the earth was formed. It blasted a large part of the earth into space. This portion of blasted material then continued to orbit the earth and eventually formed into the present moon about 4.44 billion years ago.

Q. The Earth has got ___________ natural satellite.

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 11
A satellite is anything that orbits around a larger object. A natural satellite is any celestial body in space that orbits around a larger body. Moons are called natural satellites because they orbit planets.
Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 12

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.

The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth. Like the origin of the earth, there have been attempts to explain how the moon was formed. In 1838, Sir George Darwin suggested that initially, the earth and the moon formed a single rapidly rotating body. The whole mass became a dumbbell-shaped body and eventually it broke. It was also suggested that the material forming the moon was separated from what we have at present the depression occupied by the Pacific Ocean.

However, the present scientists do not accept either of the explanations. It is now generally believed that the formation of moon, as a satellite of the earth, is an outcome of “giant impact” or what is described as “the big splat”. A body of the size of one to three times that of Mars collided into the earth sometime shortly after the earth was formed. It blasted a large part of the earth into space. This portion of blasted material then continued to orbit the earth and eventually formed into the present moon about 4.44 billion years ago.

Q. The material forming the moon was separated from what we have at present the depression occupied by the:

Detailed Solution for Test: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth- Case Based Type Questions - Question 12
Various theories had been proposed for the formation of the Moon.

The Fission Theory: This theory proposes that the Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of the solar system. The present Pacific Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the Earth from which the Moon came. This theory was thought possible since the Moon's composition resembles that of the Earth's mantle and a rapidly spinning Earth could have cast off the Moon from its outer layers. However, the present-day Earth-Moon system should contain "fossil evidence" of this rapid spin and it does not. Also, this hypothesis does not have a natural explanation for the extra baking the lunar material has received.

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