31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Reproductive Health - NEET

• An effective and popular method is the use of Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs). These devices are inserted by doctors or expert nurses in the uterus through vagina.
• These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20)

Image: Copper T
Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

• The sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a condition that's passed from one person to another through sexual contact. 
• Among the options, only Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, and Genital herpes are diseases that are sexually transmitted diseases.

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 63 of topic “4.4 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS)” of chapter 4.

• When females cannot conceive then embryo transfer is done by using ZIFT and IUT technique.
• In this method, ova from female & sperms from male is collected and are induced in the laboratory under simulated conditions to form a zygote.
• The zygote with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube through ZIFT or embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus through IUT.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 64 of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4.

• Lactational amenorrhea method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the menstrual cycle does not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition. This is because breastfeeding disrupts the pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and reduces gonadotropin-releasing hormones.
  
• Pills are hormonal preparations (either progesterone or progestogen- estrogen combinations) in the form of tablets which are administered orally by females. They inhibit ovulation, implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus. 
• Emergency contraceptives are pills that contain levonorgestrel, a type of progestin that helps to prevent pregnancy when taken in few days after sex.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Refer topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL
‘ of chapter 4.

• Saheli is a mini pill that contains a nonsteroidal preparation called centchroman, which is taken once a week after an initial intake of twice a week for 3 months.
• It blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus hence alters uterine lining and prevents fertilized eggs from being implanted.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 61 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

• Infertility cases due to the inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm count in the ejaculates could be corrected by using the artificial insemination (AI) technique. 
• In this procedure, semen is injected directly into the vagina or uterus. In this technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus of the female.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 64 of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4.

In Intra-Uterine Transfer (IUT) embryo with more than 8-blastomeres stage (morula) is used for transfer into the uterus.

Process of cleavage, repeated mitotic division of zygote: 

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 64 of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4.

The chances of a 5 year boy contacting a STD are very little is the correct answer.

1. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) which is transmitted through sexual intercourse with an infected person.
2. Haemophilia is an X-linked genetic disorder of blood, It is not transmitted via any sexual practice.
3. Genital herpes is an STD while sickle-cell anaemia is an autosomal hereditary disorder. The chances of a 5 years old boy contacting an STD are very rare since he is unlikely to have sex at this age. 

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 63 of topic “4.4 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS)” of chapter 4.

• Oxytocin: is a birth hormone and acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction.
• Vasopressin: acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates reabsorption of water and electrolytes and reduces loss of water through urine. It is also known as the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).

Thus, they play no role in contraception.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 59 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

In artificial insemination, donated sperm is inseminated into a woman's uterus through the vagina.
It is suitable in the following conditions:

• The male partner has a very low sperm count. 
• When sperms are not strong enough to swim through the cervix and up into the Fallopian tubes. 
• If the female partner is suffering from a condition called unreceptive cervical mucus.
  In this, the mucus that surrounds the cervix prevents sperm from getting into the uterus and fallopian tubes. Using this technique, the sperm skips the cervical mucus entirely.
• It is also suitable if the man carries a genetic disease and he does not wish to pass it on to his children. 

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 64 of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4.

• One of the legal methods of birth control is periodic abstinence in which couples abstain from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle.
• Abortion by taking medicine is not a legal method.
• Daybreak coitus and premature ejaculation may increase the chances of contraception.

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 59 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

Jaundice cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis, foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. It is now legally banned in India.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 58 of topic “4.1 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES” of chapter 4.

Test tube baby programme employs zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) technique.

• In this technique fusion of ovum and sperm is done outside the body of a woman to form a zygote which is allowed to divide forming 8 blastomeres, then it is transferred to the fallopian tube of the woman.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 63 of topic “4.5 INFERTILITY” of chapter 4.

GIFT- Gamete intra fallopian transfer method is used in females who cannot produce ova but can provide suitable envoirnment for fertilization and further development of embryo in the oviducts. In such cases, ovum from the donor female is surgically removed and is then introduced into the fallopian tube of such females. So, the correct answer is 'Who cannot produce an ovum'.
Correct answer is A.

• When egg and sperm fuse, pregnancy occurs. The normal period of pregnancy is of 40 weeks which is divided into 3 trimesters.
• The 3 trimesters are:
  (i) First Trimester: First 3 months
  (ii) Second Trimester: 4th to 6th months
  (iii) Third Trimester: 6th to 9th months
• MTP is considered safe up to the first trimester so, 6, 8, 12 weeks would be okay, but 18 weeks comes under the second trimester and MTP at this stage would be a huge risk for mother.

Thus, the MTP Act allows for the termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 62 of topic “4.3 MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP)” of chapter 4.

4 IUDs (Intra-Uterine Devices)

Intra-Uterine Devices (IUDs) are a type of contraception that involves the insertion of a small device into the uterus. IUDs are a highly effective and long-lasting method of contraception, and they are widely accepted in India as a reliable and convenient option. IUDs can remain in place for several years and do not require daily maintenance or attention.

Cervical caps and diaphragms are types of barriers that are placed over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. These methods are less effective and less widely used in India.

Tubectomy is a permanent form of contraception that involves the surgical removal or blocking of the fallopian tubes. This method is also less widely used in India due to the irreversible nature of the procedure.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

• Cu-ions released by copper releasing intrauterine devices suppress sperm motility.
• Intrauterine devices are inserted by doctors in the uterus through the vagina.
• They are available as non-medicated IUDs, copper-releasing IUDs, and hormone-releasing IUDs.

Hence, the correct option is C.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

• Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or abortion is a type of non-surgical abortion in which pharmaceutical drugs are used to induce abortion. An oral preparation for medical abortion is commonly referred to as an abortion pill. Medication abortion regimens can be safely and effectively used throughout the first 49 days of pregnancy. 
• The copper IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception. Copper IUDs actually prevent fertilization by reducing the number and viability of sperm reaching the egg, and by impeding the number and movement of eggs into the uterus.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topics “4.3 MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP)” and  “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

A. The pill — Prevents ovulation (c)

• The contraceptive pills contain the hormones which prevent the process of ovulation.

B. Condom — Prevents sperm reaching the cervix (a)

• The condom is a physical barrier which prevents the sperms from reaching the cervix.

C. Vasectomy — Semen contains no   sperms (d)

• The process of vasectomy leads to the cutting, sealing or ligating of the vas deferens in males. This causes the release of the semen without the sperms.

D. Copper-T — Prevent implantation (b)

• Copper T is an intrauterine device which releases copper ions in the uterine cavity and prevents fertilisation and implantation.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Refer topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.

• Copper T is a small, T-shaped intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD).
• The horizontal bar of which fits into the wide top of the uterus and the vertical bar extends down the uterus. It makes the uterus and fallopian tubes produce fluid that kills sperm. This fluid contains white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins. Copper ions, released by the IUD, is a spermicide and it kills sperm before it can fertilize the egg.

Since fertilization does not occur, implantation of the blastocyst is not possible.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 60 of topic “4.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter 4.