31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production - 2 (Old NCERT) - NEET MCQ

Pongamia pinnata is one of the few nitrogen fixing trees (NFTS) to produce seeds containing 30-40% oil. It is often planted as an ornamental and shade tree but now-a-days it is considered as alternative source for Bio- Diesel. This species is commonly called pongam, karanja, or a derivation of these names. Pongami, jatropa, Euphorbia are petrocrops. However, in the Indian countryside, pongamia(kanjar) is being utilized as a source of biodiesel.

Parthenocar py is the development of fruits without prior fertilization which results in the formation of seedless fruits. In some plant species, parthenocarpic fruits are produced naturally or they may be induced by treatment of the unpollinated flowers with auxin.
Removal of androecium before pollen release is called emasculation which is helpful in preventing unwanted pollination. Vernalized seeds are the child treated seeds for breaking dormancy. Phenyl Mercuric Acetate is an antitranspirant.
Gibberellins and Auxins are known to induce parthenocarpy in plants. If a tomato plant is treated with a low concentration of auxin and gibberellic acid it ’ ll produce fruits with out fertilization i.e. parthenocarpic fruits.

In maize (or in other plants) hybrid vigour in exploited by the crossing of two inbred (very closely related) plants because crossing of inbred varieties causes homozygosity and due to which hybrid vigour will be diminished because in homozygosity so many recessive traits start showing their phenotypic expression.

The most suitable culture medium for Drosophila melanogastor is ripe banana.
Drosophila Melanogaster is commonly called as fruitfly and is often used in genetic and developmental biology researches. Moist bread is a culture medium for the fungus Rhizopus while Agar-agar is used as a tissue culture medium.

For curing of tea a bacteria Mycococcus candisans is used.
Curing of tea leaves is brought about by the activity of bacteria. It is essentially an oxidation. dry fermentation process, during which water is driven off the green colour is lost and the leaves assume a tougher texture and undergo chemical changes.
Mycorrhiza is mutually beneficial association between fungi and the roots of higher plants. Virus and fungi are not involved in the curing process of tea leaves.

Triticale is the Ist man made cereal which is made by the crossing of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Rye (Secale cereale).

Because iron promotes the formation of chlorophyll and magnesium is an integral part of chlorophyll molecule so in the absence of these nutrients plants show chlorosis & leaves get yellowing. Application of iron and magnesium to promote the synthesis of chlorophyll can cure the disease.

Crop plants grown in monoculture are highly prone to pests.

Meristem culture is done for the development of virus free plants. Meristematic tissue cell can be taken either from shoot or root tip.

The world’s highly prized wool yielding Pashmina breed is the under fur of Kashmiri and Tibetan goats.
Pashmina is an almost generic name for accessories made from a type of mohair that is obtained from a special breed of goat indigenous to high altitudes of the Himalayan Range Belt of Asia.
The name comes from Pashmineh, made from Persian pashm (= “wool”).
The special goat’s fleece has been used for thousands of years to make high-quality shawls that also bear the same name.

Three crops that contribute maximum to global food grain production are Wheat, rice and maize, which belong to the family Poaceae (Graminae).

The water potential of pure water in an open container is zero because there is no solute and the pressure in the container is zero. Adding solute lowers the water potential. When a solution is enclosed by a rigid cell wall, the movement of water into the cell will exert pressure on the cell wall.

The most likely reason for the development of resistance against pesticides in insect damaging a crop is random mutations, because environmental stress, i.e. pesticides does not cause direct changes in genome m instead, it simply selects rather persisting mutations which result in phenotypes that are better adapted to the new environment in certain pesticides.

Green revolution was possible due to hybridization. Increased chlorophyll extent has no effect on yield of crops. Hybrid plants were dwarf  because of selection. Quantitative trait mutations are not involved in hybridization.
In 1963, ICAR introduced many selections from CIMMYT include those developed by Norman Borlaugh using Norin-10 as the source of dwarfing genes (CIMMYT-Centro International de Mejoramiento de Maiz Y Trigo).

Cellular totipotency is exhibited only by plant cells wherein the plant cells retain the ability to deactivate and form the new dividing cells.

Crotolaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum are among the plants which are used as green manures in India. These green manures help the soil through increasement of area and water holding capacities and fertility. Correct Answer is C.

Chiru or the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni) is medium-sized bovid which is about 1.2 m in height. Its coat is grey to reddish brown, with a white underside. The Chiru’s wool, known as shahtoosh, is worm, soft and fine. Shahtoosh is very warmest, lightest and most expensive wool. The wool can only be obtained by killing the animal. It is listed as endangered by the world conservation union and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service due to commercial poaching for its wool. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Cellular totipotency is the ability, shown by many living cells to form all types of tissue that constitute the mature organism.

The phenomenon of having one or more genomes in addition to the normal for the species is called polyploidy.

Cashewnut, potato, rubber crops have been brought to  India from New world.

This combination allows to select only streptomycin resistant strains and non resistant strains would die on medium containing antibiotic streptomycin.

Potato and tomato originated in the new world.

The best pH of soil for cultivation of plants is 6.5 – 7.5.

Karl Von Frisch, carried out many experiments and determined that when a foraging bee returns to the hive, it performs a waggle dance. Honey is predominantly glucose and fructose. Dorsata is a biger bee than Apis indica (a medium sized bee). Bees wax is secreted by special wax glands to make compartments.

The correct option is Option C.

The worker honeybee normally lives for about 30 days. A worker bee is any female (eusocial) bee that lacks the full reproductive capacity of the colony's queen bee; under most circumstances, this is correlated to an increase in certain non-reproductive activities relative to a queen, as well. Worker bees also occur in many bee species other than honey bees.