AIIMS Biology Mock Test - 1 - NEET MCQ

Granulocytes are produced via granulopoiesis in the bone marrow, and the most abundant of the granulocytes is the neutrophil granulocyte, while the other types (eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells) have lower numbers.

Mosquito larvae, commonly called "wigglers," live in water from 4 to 14 days depending on water temperature.

if we see first statement it's reason is that, main axis is very short and flowers appear to be rise from a common point and it look like branching. Statement II is also correct as in compound umbel involucre means group of bract are present at the base but this is not the reason of branching

Explanation: The Assertion is partially true. It is true that upper and lower surfaces of dicotyledonous leaves may have different colours, but this is not always the case. The Reason given is incorrect as the direction of dicotyledonous leaves has no direct correlation with the colour difference of their upper and lower surfaces.

Therefore, option 3 "Assertion is true but Reason is false" is the most appropriate answer based on the given information.

Archaeopteryx shares both the features of theropod dinosaurs as well as modern birds. It is thus widely considered a transitional fossil between the birds and reptiles. In many ways, Archaeopteryx is more similar to small theropod dinosaurs than it is to modern birds.

Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged bean) is a nitrogen fixing herbaceous bean found in tropical Asia. It is also called Goa bean. All parts of the plant are edible and rich in protein. Ripe seeds are roasted and eaten like peanuts. They contain 34 to 40 % protein and 18 % oil. Their nutritive value is similar to that of soybeans.

A samara is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent. The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed farther away than regular seeds from the parent tree. The seed can be in the centre of the wing or the seed can be on one side, with the wing extending to the other side, making the seed autorotate as it falls.

As samara is a winged achenial fruit, this assertion is correct but the reason for the assertion is incorrect.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs in legume plants.It takes place in the Rhizobium bacteroids which are located within root nodules cells.Rhizobium is an aerobic bacteria and hence it survives in the presence of oxygen. But the important enzyme nitrogenase that reduces N₂ is oxygen sensitive. It can only function at low oxygen concentration. This low concentration of oxygen in bacteroid is provided by leghaemoglobin.
Leghaemoglobin is a form of haemoglobin found in the nitrogen fixing root nodules of legume.They bound oxygen and thus protect the nitrogen fixing enzyme, nitrogenase. It regulates oxygen diffusion to bacteroids and nitrogenase.

The atmospheric concentration of CO₂ at which photosynthesis just compensates for respiration is referred to as the CO₂ compensation point.
Photosynthesis is strongly limited by the low CO₂ concentration while respiratory rates remain unaffected. As a result there is a negative balance between CO₂ fixed by photosynthesis and CO₂ by respiration and a net efflux of CO₂ from the plant.

Necrosis is due to deficiency of--- Ca, Cu , Mg , K . Wilting of leaves occur when cells of leaves are in flaccid condition.

so assertion is correct but the reason statement is wrong.

 Aerobically pyruvate gives rise to Acetyl CoA and Anaerobically it gives lactate. 

So both assertion and reason are false.

The process of transfer of energy from producers through a series of organisms, which means from primary consumers to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers by process of eating and being eaten constitute a food chain.Example Grassland Ecosystem.
Food chains can never occur independently in the ecosystem but various food chains are interconnected with each other forming an interlocked system known as food web. In grassland ecosystem food chains may be- Grass-Rabbit-Hawk/Kite or Grass-Mouse-Snake-Kite/Hawk or Grass- Grasshopper-Lizard-Kite/Hawk. So the food web will always include kites.

The seed coat forms from the two integuments or outer layers of cells of the ovule, which derive from tissue from the mother plant, the inner integument forms the tegmen and the outer forms the testa. (The seed coats of some mononocotyledon plants, such as the grasses, are not distinct structures, but are fused with the fruit wall to form a pericarp.) The testae of both monocots and dicots are often marked with patterns and textured markings, or have wings or tufts of hair. When the seed coat forms from only one layer, it is also called the testa, though not all such testae are homologous from one species to the next.

So both assertion and reason statements are false.

Assertion : Companion cells are specialized thin-walled parenchymatous cells found to be associated with sieve tubes. They contain dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. Nuclei of companion cells control the metabolic activities of sieve tube elements as they are devoid of the nucleus.

Reason : Sieve tube members are associated with companion cells, which are cells that combine with sieve tubes to create the sieve element-companion cell complex. Sieve tubes members do not have ribosomes or a nucleus and thus need companion cells to help them function as transport molecules.

There are three codons UAA, UAG and UGA which are designated as termination codons. UAA (also known as ochre), UAG (also known as amber) and UGA (also known as opal) are three codons which whenever present in mRNA, would bring about termination of polypeptide chain which would then be released from ribosome. m-RNA has a "termination codon" region which consists of UAA, UAG or UGA.So Amber alone can not terminate the process of protein synthesis.

Main function of Vitamin C is to speed up the healing of wounds . So deficiency of Vitamin C causes the slow healing of wounds. The best characterized function of Vitamin C is the synthesis of collagen connective tissue protein at the level of hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues of procollagen. Thus Vitamin C is important for tissue healing.

Assertion is correct but Reason is false because fluidity of cell membrane is due to lipid which enable the movement of protein.

Cyclic pathway of photosynthesis appeared for the first time in some Eubacterial species. It is supposed to be the first evidence of production of ATP in the presence of light.
During non-cyclic photophosphorylation photolysis of water takes place. Under the influence of light energy and the catalytic action of chlorophyll, water, a substance of low energy value, is split into oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is used in the chloroplast. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is the only natural process which adds molecular oxygen to the atmosphere.

In hilly regions many trees like Oak, Elm, Hickory, Pecan and Cedar produce allergic pollen grains which cause allergy to people visiting the hills which results in the respiratory and skin problems.The symptoms of pollen allergy are- sneezing, itching eyes, nose and throat, dark circles under eyes caused by restricted blood flow near the sinuses, watering eyes and conjunctivitis.
Conifer trees produce a large quantity of wind borne pollen grains because many pollen grains are destroyed in the process of pollination done by wind.But these large number of pollen grains cause allergies.

prokaryotes such as bacteria and cyanobacteria have nucleoid instead of nucleus and they do not have membrane bound organelles ..

CO₂ is limiting factor in photosynthesis and it increases up to certain extend increase photosynthesis it have small value for both C3 and C4 plant and maximum concentration of 0.05 up to which photosynthesis increases but 1 statement say continously so it becomes wrong and second is right because by using CO₂ , plant makes food by fixing it. So assertion is false but reason is true.

SUCROSE because all other three like Lactose, Glucose and Fructose have free aldehyde group in their chemical structures that's why they react/reduce to Fehling's reagent but Sucrose is made up of one glucose and fructose monomers which are joined by 1α -2β glycosidic linkage in sucrose due to which aldehyde of glucose /carbonyl & ketonic group of fructose here is not free so sucrose doesn't react with fehling's reagent showing negative test with it and due to this reason it is also called a non reducing sugar.

The liver is a reddish brown colour because it is saturated in blood.The liver's second blood supply comes via the hepatic artery which delivers highly oxygenated blood from the lungs. Once the liver has deoxygenated and processed this blood, it is transported to the liver's central hepatic vein. Blood leaves the liver through the hepatic veins. This blood is a mixture of blood from the hepatic artery and from the portal vein.

The complete oxidation of one mole of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy and one mole of ATP stores 7.3 kcal of energy in the high-energy phosphate bond. Then 5 mol release

686 x 5 = 3430 K.

Castle's intrinsic factor is a relatively small mucoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of gastric glands and required for adequate absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) for production of red blood cells

Nucleoside is composed of Sugar and Nitrogenous bases.
-Nucleoside = Sugar + Nitrogenous base.
-Nucleotide = Sugar + Nitrogenous base + Phosphate

Brassica oleracea is a plant species which includes cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli etc. belonging to family Brassicaceae. The botanical name of Cauliflower is Brassica oleracea var. botrytis. Cauliflower is an annual plant that reproduces by seed. The edible part is the head (florets) which is used as a vegetable. So, the correct answer is 'Brassica oleracea var. botrytis'.

Aeschynomene sp. woods is one of the lightest woods in the world. Aeschynomene woods feel like a piece of thermocol or even lighter, and have a corky texture. It is bright white to off-white (white with a slight reddish or yellowish tinge) in color.