BPSC Practice Test- 10 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

• Palaeolithic tools have been found in the excavation from the southern part of Bihar - the main sites are - Munger, Patna, Nalanda, and Gaya
  • Early Palaeolithic tools have been received from Bhimabandh of Munger
  • Palaeolithic are divided into three parts i.e..
• Early Palaeolithic
• Middle Palaeolithic
• Upper Palaeolithic
  • Mesolithic tools have also been found from Munger
  • Neolithic tools Chirand (Saran district) and Chechar( Vaishali)
  • Chalcolithic remains have been found from Chirand, Chechar, Sonpur, Gaya and Maner.

Palghat Gap or Palakkad Gap is a low mountain pass in the Western Ghats between Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu and Palakkad in Kerala. It has an average elevation of 140 metres. The pass is located between the Nilgiri Hills to the north and Anaimalai Hills to the south.
Thal Ghat, Bhor Ghat and Pal ghat are the three most important passes linking the rest of India with the western coastal area.
Thal Ghat (also called Thul Ghat or Kasara Ghat):-  is a ghat section in the Western Ghats near the town of Kasara in Maharashtra. Thal Ghat is located on the busy Mumbai-Nashik route and is one of the four major routes. in Mumbai. The railway line, which passes through the Ghat, is the steepest gorge in India.
Bhor Ghat  :- is a mountain passage that links Mumbai to Pune in Maharashtra, India, situated on the crest of the Western Ghats
Bhor Ghat It was the ancient trade route developed by the Satavahana dynasty to connect the ports (Choul, Revdanda, Panvel) on the Konkan Coast and the surrounding areas of the deccan plateaus. This ghat comes under the proposed Golden Quadrilateral freight  Corridors . 
Location- situated on the crest of the western Ghats .

• The higher concentration of dust particles is found in thesubtropical regions and temperate regions due to dry wind in comparison to Tropical and Polar regions.
• In the Tropical region due to heavy precipitation the suspended particles of dust in the air settle down on the ground.
• In the Polar regions due to lack of exposed rocks or lack of effective erosional agents no much dust particles are present in the air.

• The termNormal Lapse Rate is defined as the rate of decrease in temperature with the increase in height in the Troposphere. It is defined as 1°c/165 m or 6.5°c/1000 m. or 1 km.
• In the Stratosphere temperature gradually increases with the increase in height but not with any rate.
• In the Mesosphere temperature again decreases gradually but no rate of decrease in temperature is defined for that.
• Again temperature rapidly increases in the fourth layer of the atmosphere i.e. in the Thermosphere but here too no rate of increase in temperature is defined.

The correct north to south order of the given rivers is Narmada, Tapi, Godavari and Krishna.
IMPORTANT FACTS
Narmada

• It rises from the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh and flows westwards.
• It falls into the Arabian Sea.
• It is the longest west flowing river and flows through a rift valley between the Vindhya Range in the north and the Satpura range in the south.

Tapi

• Originates from the Betul plateau, flows westwards through a rift valley between the Satpura Range in the north and the Ajanta Range in the south.

Godavari

• The Godavari originate from a place called Tryambak in the Western Ghats of Nashik district of Maharashtra.
• It falls into the Bay of Bengal.
• It is the longest river in peninsular India, also known as Dakshin Ganga.

Krishna

• Originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra and drains into the Bay of Bengal.
• It is the second longest river in peninsular India.

• India is the largest producer of mica in the world. 
• It produces 29% of the total Global production of Mica.

IMPORTANT FACTS

• China is the largest producer of zinc in the world ,
• It produces 29% of the Global production.
• Chile is the largest producer of copper in the world. 
• It produces 28.5% of the total Global production.
• China is also the largest producer of lead. It produces 46.7 % of the total Global production of lead.

The correct decreasing order of islands on the basis of their size is Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku.
IMPORTANT FACTS-:

• Japan is an archipelago, that means a long string of islands in a northeast-southwest Arc that stretches for approximately 2,400 km through the Western Pacific Ocean.
• Nearly this entire area is taken up by the country's four main islands;from north to south these are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu.

• China is the largest producer of silk in the world.
• Silk is a natural fiber used to make a variety of fabrics.
• Among the leading countries in the world's silk production, China (142000 metric tons) ranks first and India (31906 metric tons) is in second place.

IMPORTANT FACTS-: 
The following countries are in the top five of the world's most productive in silk production

•  China - 1,46,000 metric tons
•  India - 28,708 metric tons
•  Uzbekistan - 1,110 metric tons
•  Thailand - 692 metric tons
•  Brazil - 560 metric tons

The Middle East includes 18 countries.

• Bahrain, 
• Cyprus,
• Egypt,
• Iran,
• Iraq,
• Israel,
• Jordan,
• Kuwait,
• Lebanon,
• Oman,
• Palestine,
• Qatar,
• Saudi Arabia, 
• Syria,
• Turkey,
• The UAE,
• Yemen
• Northern Cyprus.

IMPORTANT FACTS-:

• The Middle-East is geopolitical term that refers to a region spanning the vast majority of Western Asia and Egypt.
• Middle East includes countries that share common factors like Ethnic groups, Geographic features, religious beliefs and political history.
• Sometimes the definition of Middle East is extended to include the concept of the 'Greater Middle East' that includes Afghanistan, The Comoros, Djibouti, Maghreb, Pakistan, Sudan and Somalia.
  

• The Panna Biosphere Reserve was given the international status of UNESCO protected biosphere reserve in 2020. 
• It is located in Madhya Pradesh.

IMPORTANT FACTS-:

• In India 18 biosphere reserves are recognised.
• Out of which 12 have been given the status of UNESCO protected Biosphere Reserves.
• Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve was given such status in 2018, Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve in 2016 and Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve in 2013.

• The correct sequence of the water bodies, in the Bay of Bengal northwards from the equator, is Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay and Palk strait.

IMPORTANT FACTS-:

• The Gulf of Mannar is a large Shallow Bay, forming part of the Laccadive sea in the Indian Ocean, lies between the West Coast of Sri Lanka and the Coromandel coast region.
• Palk strait is a strait between Tamilnadu of India and the Jaffna district of northern province of Sri Lanka.
• Palk Bay is a semi - enclosed Shallow water body with the water depth maximum of 13 m.
• It is located between the south east coast of India and Sri Lanka.

Side of each tile =(HCF of 1517 and 902)cm=41cm
Hence, number of tiles = 1517 x (902/41) x 41 = 814

The number of 5 is 5 and the number of 2 's is 13 .
So, the number of zeroes will be 5 .

Sum of two number = 72.5 x 2 + 13 = 158

Hence, 85 is higher of two remaining numbers.

• The Jan Jeevan Hariyali Mission was launched by Nitish Kumar on August 9, 2019, on the occasion of ‘Bihar Prithvi Diwas’. 
• It was implemented in the state on October 2, 2019, marking the 150th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.

Important facts:-

• The ranking for August 2021 has been released under the 'Jal Jeevan Hariyali Abhiyan' by the Bihar State Government.
• Buxar district has got the first position in the entire state.
• This ranking is released every month by the Department of Rural Development on the basis of ten different dimensions.
• Gaya got second and Jehanabad got third place.
• In this ranking, Sheohar got the last position while the capital Patna was ranked 24th.

Static aspects:-

• Located in the Eastern part of India, Bihar is the 13th largest state in the country.
• In 1912, Bihar, along with Orissa became a separate province.
• On 15 November 2000, the southern part of Bihar was split to form the state of Jharkhand.
• Bihar was the center of Buddhism as the religion originated from here.
• The state is surrounded by Nepal in the north, West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh in the west, and Jharkhand in the south.
• Chief Minister of Bihar:- Nitish Kumar
• Governor of Bihar:- Phagu Chauhan

• The first Heart Failure Biobank in the country has come up at the National Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in HF (CARE-HF) at the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala. 

Important facts:

• The Biobank is open to studying genetic, metabolomics, and proteomic markers of health outcomes in heart failure patients.
• A biobank is a collection of biological samples (such as blood) and health information.
• It can be used to understand molecular pathways and to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diseases.
• The biobank activity will be supervised by a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) with a member from the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR).
• Kerala CM: Pinarayi Vijayan;
• Kerala Governor: Arif Mohammad Khan.

Static aspects:
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR):

• It was formed in 1911 when it was known as Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA). 
• In 1949,IRFA was renamed ICMR.
• India’s first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine named ‘Covaxin’ has been developed and manufactured by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with ICMR.
• The headquarters of ICMR is in New Delhi.
• Note:- It is neither a statutory body nor a regulatory body.

• The Central Government has identified 17 major tourist destinations of the country which will be developed as Iconic Tourist Destination.
• These were also mentioned in the budget of 2018-19. 

Important facts:-

• These 17 tourist destinations have been selected considering their popularity and importance across the country.

These 17 tourist destinations include:-

• Taj Mahal and Fatehpur Sikri in Uttar Pradesh, 
• Ajanta and Ellora Caves in Maharashtra, 
• Humayun's Tomb, 
• Red Fort and Qutub Minar in Delhi, 
• Colva Beach in Goa, 
• Amber Fort in Rajasthan,
•  Somnath and Dholavira in Gujarat. , 
• Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, 
• Hampi in Karnataka, 
• Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu, 
• Kanjiranga in Assam, 
• Kumarakom in Kerala 
• and Mahabodhi in Bihar.

• Maa Janaki Janmabhoomi Temple is located in Punaura Dham village of Sitamarhi district of Bihar, which is also known as Punaura Dham.

Important facts:-

• The destination of Punaura Dham has been recently included under PRASHAD Scheme of the Ministry of Tourism.
• Punaura Dham, considered to be the birthplace of Hindu Goddess Sita.
• The shrine compound has a Ram Janki temple, a pond called Sita Kund and a hall.
• Swadesh Darshan Scheme was started in the year 2014-15 for the theme-based integrated development of tourist places like Ramayana Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, Jain Circuit etc.

Current aspects:-

• On February 3, 2022, Tourism Minister G Kishan Reddy told the Rajya Sabha that Punora Dham of Bihar has been included in the Ramayana circuit of the Swadesh Darshan scheme and in the Prasad scheme.

The objective of Swadesh Darshan Scheme:-

• Integrated development of theme based tourist circuits in the country; 
• To position the tourism sector as a major engine for job creation
• The Ministry of Tourism provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for infrastructure development of circuits.

First Chief Minister of Bihar Shri Krishna Singh Most influenced by Congress's extremists whose ideas were influenced by B.G.Tilak and Aurobindo Ghosh.
Important facts:-

• Shri Krishna Singh was the first Chief Minister of Bihar whose tenure (April 2, 1947, to January 31, 1961) was till.
• Shri Krishna Singh is also known as Bihar Kesari.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak, (23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), was an Indian nationalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer, and freedom fighter.
• The British colonial authorities called him the "Father of Indian Unrest".
• Aurobindo Ghosh's major works are Essays on Gita (1928), The Life Divine (1940), Collected Poems and Plays (1942), The Synthesis of Yoga (1948), The Human Cycle (1949), and The Ideal of Human Unity.

• The Battle of Chillianwala was part of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.

Second Anglo-Sikh War

• Three battles were fought in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
• The first war was the battle of Ramnagar, fought on November 22, 1848, in which the English army was led by Lord Gough and the Sikh army was led by Sher Singh.
• The second war was the battle of Chiliyanwala fought on January 13, 1849. There was no change in the English and Sikh leadership in this war i.e. Lord Gough took command of the English leadership and Sher Singh led the Sikhs. This war also ended inconclusive.
• The third war i.e. the battle of Gujarat, fought on February 13, 1849, proved to be decisive. In this, the English army was led by Charles Napier. British defeated the Sikh army. In history it is also known as 'War of the Cannons'.
• After winning the Third Anglo-Sikh War, on March 30, 1849, Lord Dalhousie under the leadership of Charles Napier annexed the Punjab to the English state against the wishes of Henry Lawrence and Elnavaro.
• Maharaja Dilip Singh was sent to England along with Rani Jhindan by giving an annual pension of Rs 5 lakh and the Kohinoor diamond was taken from Dilip Singh and placed in the Royal British Crown.

Important Facts
First Anglo-Sikh War

• After the First Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikh army wanted to reestablish its power. The Sikhs were also angry with Dalhousie's imperialist policies. At the same time, the British deposed the governor of Multan. As a result, the people revolted. Taking advantage of the opportunity, Dalhousie declared war. Thus, the Second Anglo-Sikh War began.

Note - The Anglo-Sikh wars were the result of Dalhousie's annexation policy. 

In 1853 Dalhousie annexed Jhansi with the British state.
IMPORTANT FACTS

• The real name of Lord Dalhousie, also known as "Earl of Dalhousie", was James Andrew Brown Ramsay.
• Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) used the "principle of lapse" or "policy of peaceful annexation" to annexed the Indian states with the British.
• This included Satara (the first state in 1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854), Karauli (1855) and Awadh (the report of James Outram in 1856). On the basis of misrule by making the base) was merged with the British state.
• At this time the Nawab of Awadh was Wajid Ali Shah, while Awadh was established as an independent state in 1724 AD by Saadat Khan Burhanmulk.

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy had termed the practice of Sati as "killing under the guise of scripture".

IMPORTANT FACTS

• In the 19th century, Indian society was bound by religious superstitions and social evils, one of which was the evil practice of Sati.
• The practice of Sati was prevalent in almost all classes, even among the upper castes.
• Raja Rammohan Roy had termed the practice of Sati as "murder under the guise of scripture".
• With the efforts of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, William Bentinck had declared it illegal to burn widows by Rule 17 of 1829.
• Initially this system was implemented only in the Bengal Presidency but in 1830 this system was implemented in Bombay and Madras also.

OPTIONS EXPLANATION

• Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a reform movement of the Vedic dharma. He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and an independence activist. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. Tilak was the first leader of the Indian independence movement. The British colonial authorities called him "The father of the Indian unrest".
• Swami Vivekananda, born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher and author. He was a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna.

• MSP:- The minimum support price for crops is decided by the Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices ( CACP )
• It recommends MSPs for 22 mandated crops and fair and remunerative price (FRP) for sugarcane.
  • The mandated crops include 14 crops of the kharif season, 6 rabi crops and 2 other commercial crops.
• CACP is an attached office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• Minimum Support Price It is up to the willingness of the farmer to sell the crop to the government, at MSP, or to the trader at a mutually agreed pricehe
• MSP is the rate at which the government purchases crops from farmers, and is based on a calculation of at least one-and-a-half times the cost of production incurred by the farmers.

• Food Corporation of India (FCI) is a Public Sector Undertaking under theDepartment of Food and Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
• It was established to fulfill the following objectives of Food Policy Farmers Effective price support operations to protect the interests of Distribution of food grains throughout the country for the public distribution system.
• Maintaining a satisfactory level of foodgrains operations and buffer stock to ensure national food security Since its inception, FCI has been instrumental in India's success in transforming crisis management-oriented food security into a sustainable security system.
• On 25 March 2021,  Atish Chandra has been appointed as the new Chairman and Managing Director to the food corporation of India.

• Land consolidation in India is a process under which the farmers have to unite the scattered fields on the Consolidation is the method by which all the land of a village and the scattered land parcels of the farmers are redeployed in a separate area.
• The work of consolidation was first started experimentally in 1920 in Punjab.
• In 1928, the "Royal Commission on Agriculture in India" recommended that consolidation should be adopted in other provinces as well.
• After independence, for the first time in Bombay, by legislation passed in 1947, the government got the right to implement consolidation work wherever it thinks fit.
• The provinces which followed this practice include Punjab (1948), Uttar Pradesh (1998 and 2000), West Bengal (1955), Bihar, and Hyderabad (1956).
• In 1957, the Indian government announced that it had agreed to provide financial assistance to a large extent to implement the work of consolidation of the states.

• This seed was developed in Mexico in the mid-1960s with Prof. Norman Borlong and some of his colleagues,

Important points:-

• In the mid-1960s, the Indian government had ordered seeds of hybrid species from abroad. Due to their high productivity, these seeds were called High Productivity Varieties (HYV). IADP) was named. 
• In this experiment, the use of HYVs, more water, fertilizers, pesticides was required for irrigation. 
• Therefore, the government expanded irrigation schemes for their supply and started subsidizing fertilizers, etc. to be done. 
• As a result, there was a huge increase in the production of food grains in India.
• It was successful and the Green Revolution was formally adopted in India in the year 1966-67.
• HYV was the first wheat seed.

• According to the new series of data on Gross State Domestic Product, the growth rate of Bihar's economy at constant prices was 10.5% in 2019-20, which is higher than the growth rate of the Indian economy.

IMPORTANT FATS

• In the year 2019, the Gross State Domestic Product of Bihar was Rs.61,1804 crores at current prices. The same Net State Domestic Product was Rs.562710 crores at current prices.
• The GDP per capita in the year 2019-20 was Rs 50735 at current prices and Rs 34413 at constant prices for the year 2011-12.
• The share of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in Gross State Value Added (GSVA) stood at 19.5%, 20.3% and 60.2% in the year 2019-20.On the basis of Gross District
• Gross Domestic Product per capita, in the year 2017-18, the 3 most prosperous districts of Bihar are Patna (Rs 112604), Begusarai (Rs 45540) and Munger (Rs 37385) respectively.
• Whereas the poorest are Kishanganj (Rs 19313), Araria (Rs 18918) and Sheohar (Rs 17569) respectively.
• In Bihar in the financial year 2019-20, the total revenue (Rs 123533) and capital expenditure of the state government was 20080 crores..

• Bihar's birth rate is 26.2% as par SRS bulletin .

IMPORTANT FACTS

• The sample registration system is a large scale sample demographic survey. Which presents reliable annual estimates of birth rate, death rate and other fertility indicators at the national and state level.
• It was first started by the Registrar General of India in the year 1964-65 in selected states on a pilot basis.

According to the latest SRS bulletin released in May 2020, the states with the highest birth rate in the year 2018-

• Bihar - 26.2
• Uttar Pradesh - 25.6
• Madhya Pradesh - 24.6
• Rajasthan - 24.0
  Note - The birth rate at the national level is 20.0.

Four states with highest death rate:

• Chhattisgarh - 8.0
• Orissa - 7.3
• Kerala and Himachal Pradesh - 6.9 (both)

Four states with highest infant mortality rate

• Madhya Pradesh - (48)
• Uttar Pradesh - (43)
• Assam and Chhattisgarh - (41 both)